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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening acute metabolic complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketosis due to absolute or relative insulin deficiency. DKA may present as the initial manifestation of previously undiagnosed diabetes, particularly in young adults. We report a case of a 27-year-old male who presented with decreased consciousness preceded by shortness of breath. The patient had a three-month history of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and significant weight loss. Physical examination revealed a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 9 and signs of dehydration. Laboratory findings showed severe hyperglycemia (426 mg/dL), elevated HbA1c (8.5%), leukocytosis, and severe metabolic acidosis (pH 6.8; HCO₃⁻ 5.8 mmol/L). The diagnosis of DKA was established based on clinical and laboratory criteria. Management included aggressive fluid resuscitation, continuous intravenous insulin infusion, electrolyte correction, and antibiotic therapy for suspected infection. The patient showed gradual clinical improvement. This case highlights the importance of early recognition, identification of precipitating factors, and prompt management to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with DKA.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of pedagogical competence among Christian Religious Education teachers and its implications for students’ learning interest at SMTK Katharos Bekasi. The study is based on the importance of teachers’ pedagogical competence in creating effective learning environments and increasing student engagement in the classroom. A qualitative approach with a descriptive design was applied in this research. Data were collected through classroom observations, questionnaire-based interviews with students, and literature review. The findings show that teachers’ pedagogical competence is categorized as good, with an average score of 33.8 or 75.1% of the maximum score, reflecting effective classroom management, appropriate material delivery, and proper student guidance. Students’ learning interest is also categorized as good, with an average score of 32.8 or 72.9%, indicating active participation and positive engagement in the learning process. Therefore, pedagogical competence positively influences students’ learning interest, and continuous improvement is needed to enhance learning effectiveness.

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy and the use of accounting information on the financial performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), with financing as a moderating variable. The research sample consists of 100 MSME owners or managers located in Gresik City, specifically in Gresik, Kebomas, and Manyar Districts, selected using purposive sampling based on predetermined criteria. Hypothesis testing was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method with the assistance of SmartPLS software through a bootstrapping procedure and one-tailed testing. The results indicate that financial literacy and the use of accounting information have a positive and significant effect on MSME financial performance. In addition, financing is proven to strengthen the influence of financial literacy and accounting information on MSME financial performance. This study is expected to provide practical benefits for MSME actors in improving financial performance through better financial management and access to financing. The limitation of this study lies in the limited research area and the use of perception-based data.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. Early detection and prompt first aid during the golden period are essential to improve patient outcomes, yet family knowledge regarding stroke management is often limited. This study aimed to analyze the effect of health education media, specifically audio-visual and leaflet, on family knowledge of early detection and first aid for stroke patients in the working area of Tamamaung Public Health Center, Makassar. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pre-test post-test approach. A total of 64 respondents were selected using purposive sampling and divided into audio-visual and leaflet groups. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed a significant increase in knowledge in both groups after the intervention (p = 0.000), with a significant difference between groups (p = 0.016), where audio-visual media was more effective than leaflets. These findings indicate that both media improve family knowledge, but audio-visual media is more effective and can be recommended as a primary educational tool to improve family preparedness in stroke emergencies.

Ankle sprain is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries in sports activities and often results in pain, limited range of motion, muscle weakness, and decreased functional ability. Appropriate physiotherapy management is essential to accelerate recovery and restore ankle function. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of combining electrotherapy modalities and exercise therapy in the rehabilitation of bilateral grade II ankle sprain caused by sports injury. The research used a case study approach with physiotherapy interventions conducted through several treatment sessions. The interventions consisted of electrotherapy modalities combined with therapeutic exercises designed to reduce pain, improve joint mobility, and increase muscle strength and functional stability of the ankle. Clinical evaluation was carried out through observation of pain levels, range of motion, and functional ability during the therapy period. The findings indicated a gradual improvement in the patient’s condition, including decreased pain, increased ankle range of motion, improved muscle strength, and better functional performance during daily activities. These results suggest that the integration of electrotherapy and exercise therapy can provide a comprehensive rehabilitation approach for ankle sprain injuries. The combined intervention not only supports pain reduction but also enhances joint stability and functional recovery, enabling patients to return safely to their physical activities and reducing the risk of recurrent injury.

Bronchopneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection that remains a major health problem, especially in children, which can cause impaired gas exchange and ultimately decrease oxygen saturation. This condition, if not immediately treated, can lead to hypoxia and improve the patient's clinical condition. One intervention frequently administered in the emergency room is nebulizer therapy, which functions to help widen the airways, reduce secretion production, and improve pulmonary ventilation. This study aims to determine the effect of nebulizer therapy on increasing oxygen saturation in bronchopneumonia patients in the emergency room of Dr. Dody Sardjoto Air Force Hospital. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The study sample was bronchopneumonia patients who received nebulizer therapy intervention in the emergency room. The results showed an increase in oxygen saturation after nebulizer therapy with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect. Thus, nebulizer therapy is proven effective in increasing oxygen saturation and can be used as a treatment intervention in the management of oxygenation disorders in bronchopneumonia patients.  

This study aims to investigate the determinants of job performance by integrating the variables of capability, social interaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as a moderating variable. The phenomenon of employee turnover and discrepancies in staff discretionary behavior within the hospital setting serves as the primary rationale for this study. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 240 respondents at Magelang City Islamic Hospital through purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on AMOS software to test the causal relationships among variables in the structural model. The research findings provide empirical confirmation that individual capabilities and the quality of social inter-actions have a positive and significant influence on stimulating the formation of OCB. Furthermore, statistical test results demonstrate that capabilities, social interactions, and OCB simultaneously make a significant contribution to improving employee work performance. The presence of OCB is identified as a crucial factor capable of strengthening organizational performance outcomes. The practical implications of this study emphasize the need for hospital management to formulate human resource development strategies focused on strengthening technical skills and social cohesion to mit-igate the impact of turnover and accelerate the sustainable performance of healthcare services.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of supervision conducted by the Environmental and Sanitation Agency (DLHK) of Karawang Regency regarding the mining activities of PT Mas Putih Belitung based on Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. The study also examines the obstacles faced in monitoring the impacts of mining activities on public health and the environment. The research used an empirical juridical method with legislative and empirical approaches. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and literature studies, then analyzed qualitatively using Soerjono Soekanto’s theory of legal effectiveness. The findings show that DLHK supervision has been implemented but has not yet operated effectively. Several factors contribute to this condition, including limited human resources, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, weak administrative law enforcement, low community participation, and insufficient compliance by the company in environmental management practices. Therefore, stronger supervision, improved law enforcement, and greater collaboration between government, companies, and communities are necessary to ensure environmental protection and public health sustainability.

This is a worrying issue in the digital age and has been shown to significantly contribute to low student academic achievement. This research aims to examine the role of Guidance and Counseling (BK) services in addressing social media addiction in students with low academic achievement. The method used in this research is library research with a qualitative approach through content analysis and literature synthesis techniques sourced from various scientific references published between 2020 and 2025. The results show that students addicted to social media have low self-control, resulting in academic procrastination and a consistent decline in learning achievement. GC services have proven to play a strategic role through preventive, curative, and developmental functions implemented through classical guidance, individual counseling, and group counseling. The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approach and self-management technique have proven most effective in helping students reduce social media addiction and improve learning discipline. However, the effectiveness of GC services is still constrained by the non-ideal ratio of counseling teachers, the lack of digital literacy-based GC programs, and students' negative stigma toward counseling services. This study recommends developing GC programs specifically designed to address digital addiction by involving the entire school ecosystem consistently.

This community service activity aims to improve the effectiveness of clean water distribution management through the implementation of a Water Level Control (WLC) system as an automatic control for water pumps and three-phase motors at a regional drinking water supply company in Lamongan. The methods employed include field observation, problem identification, system design and implementation, as well as periodic evaluation of system performance. The activity focuses on the water treatment unit by conducting control and monitoring of operational parameters such as frequency (Hz), pump pressure, and flow stability to ensure optimal water distribution according to consumer needs. The results indicate that the implementation of the WLC system enhances operational efficiency, minimizes human error, and supports more structured and sustainable equipment maintenance. In addition, this activity contributes to improving the knowledge and technical skills of personnel in operating, monitoring, and maintaining automated control systems. In managing automation-based technology in a professional and independent manner, human resource capacity is strengthened, while the quality of clean water services is also improved through this community service program.

This community service activity aims to improve teenagers' self-management skills through the program “Remaja Jago: Kelola Diri Tanpa Drama”. The program was specifically designed to provide a practical and applicable understanding for youth on how to recognize their own potential, manage emotions effectively, organize time efficiently, and make wise and responsible decisions in daily life. The activity was carried out at Vihara Dhamma Bhakti Tangerang with 20 participants aged 13–20 years, representing a diverse range of educational and social backgrounds. Methods included interactive lectures, engaging educational games, structured group discussions, and guided self-reflection sessions to encourage active participation and deeper personal insight. Evaluation results showed a significant improvement in participants’ decision-making abilities, personal discipline, emotional control, and goal-setting skills after completing the program. In addition, participants demonstrated increased self-confidence and awareness of their strengths and weaknesses. Overall, this program effectively contributes to developing independent, disciplined, and responsible youth character, while also equipping them with essential life skills needed to face various personal and social challenges in the future.

Nursing documentation is an essential part of healthcare services, playing a key role in communication, care continuity, and serving as legal evidence. The introduction of the Hospital Management Information System (SIMRS) aims to improve the efficiency of documentation processes. However, high workloads in critical areas such as the Emergency Department (IGD) and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) may influence nurse compliance with documentation protocols. This study investigates the relationship between workload and nursing documentation compliance during the implementation of SIMRS at RSUD Haji Makassar's IGD and ICU. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used, with 30 nurses participating (total sampling). The workload was assessed using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), while compliance was evaluated through a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact Test. The results showed that the majority of respondents experienced heavy workloads (83.3%), and most had compliant documentation (96.7%). However, the statistical analysis yielded a p-value of 1.000, indicating no significant relationship between workload and documentation compliance. Based on these findings, the study recommends optimizing SIMRS usage and providing ongoing training to ensure improved compliance with nursing documentation practices.

This study aims to determine the effect of educational activities on the management of ARI through infant massage practices on increasing maternal knowledge and reducing complaints of coughs and colds in infants in Majungan Village. The research method used was descriptive with a mixed methods approach (quantitative and qualitative). The study subjects consisted of 25 mothers with infants aged 0–12 months. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and pre-test and post-test questionnaires. The results showed that the level of maternal knowledge increased from 28% to 88% after being provided with education and demonstrations of infant massage. In addition, 76% of mothers reported a decrease in complaints of coughs and colds in infants after routine infant massage for one week. Qualitative results indicate that this activity is not only physically beneficial, but also increases the role of mothers in the management of mild ARI and awareness of the importance of cleanliness and environmental health. Thus, education on the management of ARI through infant massage practices can be one of the supporting efforts in maintaining infant health, especially in areas with limited access to health services.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMNeg) in Makariki possess regional economic potential. However, business managers face cash flow recording obstacles. They have not implemented standard bookkeeping. This community service aims to provide training and mentoring in financial document preparation using the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities framework. The implementation method consists of preparation, execution, and evaluation stages. The execution stage includes initial testing, material presentation, interactive discussion, and final testing. Evaluation results indicate this program resolves participants' financial literacy problems. Participants' understanding regarding bookkeeping accounts and calculating profit and loss increased. Participants can compile drafts of income statements, financial positions, and supporting notes independently. In conclusion, intensive mentoring changes participants' mindsets from conventional management to a more structured one. Systematic bookkeeping helps participants separate personal and business assets. These records also serve as administrative requirements to access additional capital from banks or government assistance programs. This program supports the transparency and accountability of village fund management through BUMNeg.

Negeri Haruru in Central Maluku Regency currently faces dual environmental challenges: unmanaged household organic waste and the frequent occurrence of surface water puddles during periods of high rainfall. This community service activity aims to educate and provide practical skills to junior high school students in Negeri Haruru regarding the implementation of 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) through the innovation of Biopore Infiltration Holes (LRB) using recycled plastic bottles as a cost-effective alternative to conventional liners. This innovation is designed to reduce plastic waste while simultaneously managing organic waste and improving soil water infiltration capacity independently at the household level. The implementation method involved participatory socialization, interactive discussions, and hands-on demonstrations of constructing biopore installations. The results indicated a significant increase in students' understanding of the role of soil fauna as decomposing agents and their technical ability to assemble used plastic bottles into functional biopore modules. The implementation of this innovation proved effective in maintaining the structural integrity of the infiltration holes and facilitating the biological decomposition of organic waste into compost. This program is expected to serve as a sustainable community-based environmental management model to minimize puddles and address waste problems in Negeri Haruru through a low-cost, appropriate technology approach.

The management of Indonesia's Border Crossing Posts (Pos Lintas Batas Negara/PLBN) in land border areas presents a critical normative gap between the country's international legal obligations and their actual implementation. This study departs from prior descriptive approaches by offering a critical normative-gap analysis that identifies specific disharmonies between bilateral agreements, international conventions, and national legislation governing PLBN operations. Employing a normative juridical method with statute, conceptual, and case approaches, this research examines three focal issues: (1) the normative gap between Indonesia's international legal commitments under instruments such as the United Nations Charter, Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1963, Revised Kyoto Convention, International Health Regulations 2005, and the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), and their domestic implementation; (2) the legal factors generating regulatory disharmony in PLBN governance, particularly the inconsistency between bilateral Border Crossing Agreements with Malaysia and Timor-Leste and national legislation; and (3) specific case-based evidence of implementation failures, including unauthorized border crossings at PLBN Motamasin and the pending boundary delimitation in the Noel Besi Citrana and Bidjael Sunan Oben segments with Timor-Leste. The findings reveal that regulatory disharmony, institutional fragmentation in the CIQS system, inadequate human resource capacity, and unresolved boundary disputes constitute structural legal deficits that undermine the effective governance of PLBN. This article recommends a comprehensive legal harmonization strategy, strengthened bilateral diplomatic engagement, and institutional reform grounded in international legal standards.  

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between nurses’ interpersonal conflict and job satisfaction at Hospital X Depok in 2025. Interpersonal conflict in the workplace may negatively affect nurses’ psychological well-being, performance, and quality of healthcare services, thereby reducing job satisfaction. This research employed a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of all nurses working at Hospital X Depok, totaling 151 individuals, with a final sample of 121 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using three instruments: a demographic questionnaire, an interpersonal conflict questionnaire based on Wexley’s theory, and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) short form to measure job satisfaction. Data analysis was conducted using univariate statistics and the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that 55.4% of respondents experienced low interpersonal conflict, while 44.6% experienced high interpersonal conflict. Job satisfaction levels were relatively balanced, with 50.4% of nurses reporting high satisfaction and 49.6% reporting low satisfaction. The Chi-Square test indicated a significant relationship between interpersonal conflict and job satisfaction (p = 0.000). Nurses experiencing low interpersonal conflict tended to have higher job satisfaction, whereas those experiencing high interpersonal conflict predominantly reported low satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of effective conflict management strategies, supportive leadership, and strengthened interpersonal communication to enhance nurses’ job satisfaction and improve the quality of healthcare services.

This article examines the effectiveness and application of management principles of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in managing the Ponggok Tourism Village, Klaten Regency, based on Klaten Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2018. As a leading national tourism village, Ponggok Village has demonstrated significant success through the active role of BUMDes Tirta Mandiri. This research employs an empirical legal method with a qualitative descriptive approach to illustrate the actual governance of BUMDes. The findings indicate that BUMDes Tirta Mandiri has optimally applied organizational effectiveness principles through digital innovation, professional corporate management, and the optimization of Umbul Ponggok's water resources. Moreover, the implementation of governance principles based on the regulation has provided a clear legal framework, generated massive Village Original Income (PADes), and promoted inclusive economic growth. However, challenges remain in ensuring that the economic benefits fully reach all marginalized groups. This study underscores the importance of continuous institutional capacity building to maintain the existence and competitiveness of the tourism village.

Abstract. The increasing number of cases involving corporate losses that implicate the liability of directors in limited liability companies highlights the importance of a comprehensive understanding of the scope and nature of such liability from a civil law perspective. This study aims to analyze the liability of directors for corporate losses as well as the factors influencing the emergence of such legal liability. The method used is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach, through a review of legislation, legal literature, and relevant court decisions. The results of the study indicate that directors’ liability is not automatic but depends on proving the existence of fault or negligence in performing their duties, in accordance with the principles of due diligence and good faith. Furthermore, factors such as weak internal controls, lack of transparency, and directors’ limited legal understanding are the primary causes of corporate losses. The implications of this study underscore the importance of implementing sound corporate governance principles, enhancing directors’ competence, and ensuring consistency in law enforcement to achieve a balance between legal protection and accountability in corporate management.

This community service activity aims to enhance the capacity of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in preparing financial statements based on the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) through the digitalization of financial recording in UMKM Pasadana. The main problems faced by the partners include low accounting literacy, unstructured and simple financial recording practices, and the limited utilization of digital technology in financial management. The implementation method adopts a participatory approach consisting of several stages, namely socialization, training, mentoring, and evaluation. The training focuses on understanding the basic concepts of SAK EMKM and the practical use of simple and applicable digital financial recording applications. Mentoring is conducted directly to ensure that MSME actors are able to implement financial recording independently and sustainably. The results of the activity indicate an improvement in the knowledge and skills of MSME actors in conducting systematic financial recording in accordance with SAK EMKM principles. In addition, MSME actors begin to adopt digital technology in recording transactions, which improves efficiency, accuracy, and transparency of financial statements. This activity also encourages a shift in mindset, where financial recording is no longer viewed as merely administrative, but as a basis for business decision-making. Thus, this community service activity provides a practical contribution to improving the quality of MSME financial management through the integration of accounting literacy and sustainable digital technology utilization.