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Advances in information and communication technology have had a significant impact on the world of education, especially in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the learning process. One technology that is often used is Microsoft PowerPoint as learning media. This study aims to analyze the effect of using PowerPoint media on student learning interest in Islamic Religious Education and Ethics subjects at SMKN 3 Solok City. This research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method using a nonequivalent control group design. Data were collected through tests, questionnaires, and observations, and analyzed using normality, homogeneity, and t-test. The results showed that the use of PowerPoint media had a positive and significant effect on students' interest in learning. The experimental group that used PowerPoint had a higher level of interest in learning than the control group. This is due to the presentation of material that is more interactive, interesting, and systematic, so as to motivate students to be actively involved in the learning process. The t-test value shows that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups, with a t-count value of 5.384 (p < 0.05). This study concludes that PowerPoint learning media is effective in increasing students' interest in learning Islamic Religious Education and Ethics subjects. Hopefully, this finding can be a reference for educators in developing technology-based learning models that are more innovative and relevant to modern learning needs.

The code of ethics serves as a guideline for educators in carrying out their professional duties, especially in Christian Religious Education (PAK). This study aims to explore the role of the code of ethics in improving the quality of PAK learning. Using a qualitative approach, this study utilized literature studies, observations, and interviews with PAK teachers at the secondary school level. The findings indicate that consistent application of the code of ethics helps create a conducive learning environment, while deepening students' understanding of Christian values. By adhering to the code of ethics, teachers can act professionally, fairly, and with integrity, thereby increasing trust between teachers and students. In addition, the code of ethics is an important guide in overcoming learning challenges, such as the diversity of student backgrounds and curriculum changes. This study concludes that the code of ethics has an important role in improving the quality of PAK learning through strengthening teacher character and creating an inclusive learning atmosphere.

The purpose of conducting research on the implementation of the PAK independent curriculum is to find out the problems in its implementation, teachers are the main implementers of this curriculum in the field. By understanding their perspectives and experiences, we can find the problems they face and what is needed for the successful implementation of the curriculum. The research method used is to use a qualitative method with a literature review approach, namely looking for sources that are considered relevant to be used as sources for writing. Based on the results obtained, there are several difficulties or problems in its implementation, for example one of them is the reduction in human resources in this case, namely educators, and other things. The Merdeka Belajar curriculum focuses on important material, is flexible for teachers and students, and is project and character-based. By increasing teacher understanding, increasing resources, increasing parental participation, and developing a more contextual curriculum, it is hoped that the quality of religious education can be improved.

The purpose of conducting research on the implementation of the PAK independent curriculum is to find out the problems in its implementation, teachers are the main implementers of this curriculum in the field. By understanding their perspectives and experiences, we can find the problems they face and what is needed for the successful implementation of the curriculum. The research method used is to use a qualitative method with a literature review approach, namely looking for sources that are considered relevant to be used as sources for writing. Based on the results obtained, there are several difficulties or problems in its implementation, for example one of them is the reduction in human resources in this case, namely educators, and other things. The Merdeka Belajar curriculum focuses on important material, is flexible for teachers and students, and is project and character-based. By increasing teacher understanding, increasing resources, increasing parental participation, and developing a more contextual curriculum, it is hoped that the quality of religious education can be improved.

This article presents a systematic review of pragmatic competence in second language acquisition (SLA), emphasizing its critical role in effective communication and intercultural understanding. Pragmatic competence encompasses the ability to understand and use language appropriately in diverse social and cultural contexts, including mastering speech acts, politeness strategies, conversational implicatures, and intercultural pragmatics. Despite its importance, pragmatic competence often receives less attention in language instruction compared to grammar and vocabulary. The review highlights the effectiveness of explicit and implicit teaching methods, authentic interaction, and cultural immersion in developing pragmatic skills. It also underscores the role of technology, such as digital platforms and simulations, in enhancing learners’ ability to navigate real-life communication scenarios. The findings reveal significant challenges, including cultural variability in pragmatic norms, difficulties in standardizing assessments, and the influence of learners’ individual differences. The study calls for innovative teaching and evaluation methods, focusing on personalized approaches and the integration of pragmatic learning with emotional intelligence. By synthesizing current research and practices, this article provides valuable insights for educators, curriculum developers, and researchers, advocating for adaptive, culturally informed, and technology-supported strategies to enhance pragmatic competence in SLA.

Effective student management is an important part of a quality education system. This research considers a holistic approach to student management that integrates academic aspects, character development, and talent development. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the holistic approach in enhancing academic achievement, positive character development, and student talent development. This research employs a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative data analysis from academic results and student surveys with qualitative data from in-depth interviews with educators and field observations. Research shows that a holistic approach to student management is positively correlated with improved academic performance, stronger character, and more targeted human resource development. This result highlights the importance of integrating cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects into student management. The significance of this research underscores the need for a reformulation of educational policies that support the implementation of integrated student management at various levels of education.

The development of the times influences the education system, including the curriculum, which serves as the foundation for achieving educational goals. This article discusses the importance of the curriculum in enhancing the quality of education, particularly in Islamic Education (PAI), as well as how the curriculum is designed to address societal challenges and student needs. This research employs a qualitative approach and descriptive methods to gather information related to curriculum development, which consists of planning, implementation, and evaluation. The curriculum is dynamic and contextual, emphasizing the involvement of relevant parties in adjustments according to social and cultural conditions. The article also explains the design of educational programs, which includes objectives, content, learning experiences, and evaluation, as well as the principles that must be adhered to in curriculum design. Thus, the role of teachers as educators and implementers of the curriculum significantly impacts the quality of learning, making the collaboration between education policy and field practice a key factor in achieving educational success.

Technological developments can increase the effectiveness of curriculum supervision, however the challenges of unequal access and lack of training must still be overcome to achieve optimal learning goals. The aim of this research is that researchers state Curriculum Supervision in the Digital Era in Facing Challenges and Opportunities that digital-based supervision can increase efficiency, make monitoring easier, and provide faster feedback to educators and students. This research design uses a qualitative type with a case study approach to understand in depth the implementation of curriculum supervision in the digital era at SMA Darussalam Blokagung. Sources of informants in this research include: Principals, teachers and students of Darussalam High School. The data collection technique in this research is observation. Interviews and documentation. Data analysis in this research uses the Miles Huberman model with 3 stages including data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this research: Curriculum Supervision in the Digital Era in Facing Challenges and Opportunities produced findings including: varied learning styles, Teacher training and innovative curriculum.

This article discusses various efforts and strategies in classroom management that aim to improve students' motivation, discipline and learning effectiveness. Using descriptive qualitative research methods and literature studies, this article analyzes recent studies that show that good classroom management can significantly contribute to improving students' learning abilities. Various approaches, such as the use of learning through play, teachers' creativity in creating a dynamic learning environment, and students' involvement in school policy-making, are identified as key factors in creating a positive learning atmosphere. This research also highlights the importance of classroom climate management and the role of teachers in building good interactions between students. The results of this study are expected to provide insights for educators and education managers in designing more effective classroom management strategies.

The Danish education system is an example of an inclusive and individual development-oriented education model, with an emphasis on active and collaborative learning. Primary education in the country is compulsory and free of charge, allowing all children to have equal access to quality education. One of the main strengths of this system is the pedagogical approach that emphasizes creativity, critical thinking, and social skills, which prepares students to face the challenges of the modern world. However, behind these successes, there are some shortcomings, such as inequities in academic achievement among different socio-economic groups and criticism of the evaluation system as lacking transparency. Improvement efforts are ongoing to address these issues, including increased training for educators and the development of a curriculum that is more responsive to student needs. Thus, although the Danish education system has many strengths, challenges remain and require attention to ensure equality and fairness in education for all children.    

This study aims to explore an effective educational supervision approach in the context of education in Indonesia, taking into account the influence of religious and cultural values. The background of this study is based on the importance of the role of supervisors in supporting teachers to achieve the educational goals that have been set. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, where data is collected through observation and interviews with educators as key informants. The findings of the study indicate that a collaborative and non-directive supervision approach is more effective in improving the quality of teaching, compared to a directive approach. In addition, social interaction between supervisors and teachers has been shown to be important in building better understanding and practice. The implications of this study emphasize the need for training for supervisors to develop skills in providing constructive feedback and creating a supportive working atmosphere. Thus, this study contributes to the development of better educational supervision practices, which can improve the quality of education in schools.

In this modern era, technological advancements have reached their peak, impacting almost every aspect of human life. In education at schools, educators must also be able to provide innovation to their students so that they are more motivated to learn. To do this, educators can use digital technology to create different and still educational learning content, but there are several obstacles faced at SDN 1 Rejosari, namely the lack of a computer lab, resulting in insufficient implementation of technology in the curriculum. Thus, the goal of this community service is to introduce infographics and advertisements using the Canva application, aimed at enhancing the creativity of the students at SDN 1 Rejosari. This community service activity began with the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the evaluation stage. The results of the evaluation stage showed a percentage of 90 – 100% in understanding the introduction to the material presented, but in practice, only 65% was achieved. Therefore, further action is needed, specifically continuous training on infographic and advertisement design using Canva.

In essence, technology has become an inseparable part of children's lives today. However, inappropriate use of technology can impact their development. The technology that exists today has a big influence on the progress of a nation and for this reason the role of parents and educators must be to be able to encourage and provide control and supervision to children so that they do not become addicted to technology. because technology can expand knowledge through the internet and digital devices, increase creativity to be creative in developing skills and can facilitate learning. However, current technology can also have negative impacts, such as children becoming dependent and spending time in front of screens, social interactions and even children having more fun in front of the screen than playing in the surrounding environment. In today's sophisticated era, being free from gadgets is difficult. Because gadgets are a major need for children and parents, because they can be used to communicate and carry out other needs. The aim of this research is to describe or describe in full the impact of gadget use on the social behavior of young children. The method used in this research is a qualitative method that will allow us to explore and analyze more complex problems, understand the perspectives of various stakeholders, and gain a deeper understanding of the context of the influence of devices on a child. The research hopes that the results obtained can be used as a benchmark for parents and teachers in controlling children's use of technology.

This journal discusses the development of questioning skills in early childhood as an effort to encourage curiosity and critical thinking skills. Questioning skills are considered important in the learning process, because they can increase children's involvement and help them understand information in more depth. This research uses a quantitative approach with the early childhood population in educational institutions, and collects data through questionnaires and direct observation. The results of the research show that there is a positive influence between children's questioning skills and curiosity and critical thinking abilities. Children who are used to asking questions tend to be more active in exploration and discussion, which strengthens their understanding. The journal also identifies various strategies for developing questioning skills, such as creating a supportive environment, using open-ended questions, and encouraging group discussions. Even though there are challenges, such as limited time and children feeling uncomfortable asking questions, it is important for educators and parents to create a safe space for children to actively participate. Developing questioning skills is expected to be a crucial first step in preparing children to face future challenges, as well as increasing their creativity and critical thinking abilities.

Surah Al-'Alaq (96: 1-5) emphasizes the importance of reading and learning as the foundation of education. These verses invite the community to understand that knowledge comes from Allah and must be pursued with good intentions. In the context of learning strategies, this surah highlights the need for integrating spiritual and ethical values ​​in education. Educators are expected to create a learning environment that focuses not only on mastering the material but on character development too. This study aims to explore the relationship between the teachings in Surah Al-'Alaq and effective learning strategies, as well as their implications for student character development. By applying student-centered learning strategies, it is hoped that students' love and understanding of the Koran will increase, thus forming a generation that possesses noble character and is prepared to face future challenges.

This study aims to describe the characteristics of cognitive, social, and moral development of children aged 4–13 years and identify the challenges faced during their development process. Using a qualitative approach based on literature studies, data were obtained from various relevant academic sources. The results of the study indicate that cognitive development involves logical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are influenced by social and environmental interactions. Social development is influenced by parenting patterns, peer relationships, and media exposure, while moral development involves understanding the values ​​of right and wrong supported by the school and community environment. Children face various challenges, such as difficulties in emotional regulation, the negative impact of social media, and limited learning abilities. This study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between parents, educators, and the community to create an environment that supports children's holistic growth.

The role of education in shaping character has been a subject of discourse throughout history, with its significance amplified in the face of contemporary challenges. This study examines the relevance of Ibn Khaldun's educational philosophy in the context of modern character formation. The reseaarch aims to analyze Ibn Khaldun's perspective on education and its potential application in contemporary character-building efforts. A qualitative approach is employed, focusing on a comprehensive review of secondary sources and scholarly interpretations of Ibn Khaldun's educational theories. The study synthesizes various perspectives on Ibn Khaldun's educational philosophy and examines their applicability to current educational practices and challenges. This approach allows for a broader understanding of Ibn Khaldun's ideas within the context of modern educational needs. The study reveals that Ibn Khaldun's educational theory emphasizes the integration of religious, moral, and practical knowledge in character development. His holistic approach to education, which includes the cultivation of critical thinking, social skills, and ethical values, aligns closely with current educational needs. The findings suggest that Ibn Khaldun's educational principles can significantly contribute to addressing modern character-building challenges, particularly in fostering resilience, cultural understanding, and ethical decision-making among students. This research provides valuable insights for educators and policymakers in developing comprehensive character education programs that balance traditional wisdom with contemporary demands. Moreover, it highlights the importance of revisiting historical educational philosophies to inform and enrich modern a pedagogical practices, especially in the realm of character education.

Resistance to change (RTC) is a significant challenge in implementing educational reforms, particularly in the 21st century. This study explores strategies to overcome RTC among educators, using a qualitative approach involving 20 teachers from diverse backgrounds. Data collected through open-ended questions and a Likert scale reveal that Facilitation and Support (85%) and Negotiation and Agreement (90%) are the most effective strategies, highlighting the importance of training, resource allocation, and incentives in fostering adaptability. Participation and Involvement (75%) also proves effective by enhancing teacher commitment through collaborative decision-making. In contrast, Manipulation and Co-optation and authority-driven strategies are viewed as less sustainable, with respondents expressing concerns over their long-term impact. Challenges such as frequent curriculum changes, limited technological proficiency, and unclear communication exacerbate RTC. This study emphasizes the need for practical strategies like direct support, collaboration, and motivational incentives to address resistance effectively. The findings extend Kotter and Schlesinger’s framework by contextualizing it within educational settings and highlight the interplay between external pressures for reform and internal resistance mechanisms. By aligning resources, fostering collaboration, and incentivizing participation, schools can navigate the complexities of change and reduce resistance among educators.    

Global phenomena highlight the increasing attention to entrepreneurship as a solution to reduce unemployment and promote sustainable economic growth (SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth). On a local level, vocational high school (SMK) graduates in Indonesia face the challenge of low entrepreneurial intention, which has the potential to exacerbate youth unemployment rates. This study aims to explore entrepreneurship learning strategies and the contribution of teacher behavior in shaping the entrepreneurial intentions of SMK students through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The novelty of this research lies in integrating two key elements—innovative learning strategies and teacher behavior as role models—which have been minimally discussed in previous literature. The urgency of this research stems from its contribution to SDG 4 (Quality Education), by strengthening entrepreneurship education as a foundation for developing a competitive workforce. The method employed in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which involves collecting and analyzing relevant journal articles using VOSviewer software based on selected keywords. The findings indicate that project-based and collaborative learning approaches enable students to directly experience real-world business challenges, such as developing business ideas and working in teams to solve practical problems. Teacher behavior, serving as both facilitator and motivator, plays a crucial role in encouraging students to dream big, believe in their abilities, and view entrepreneurship as an attractive career path. The implications of this research provide practical insights for educators and policymakers in designing effective entrepreneurship curricula while supporting the SDG agenda, particularly in promoting quality education, decent work, and inclusive economic growth. This study contributes to the reinforcement of sustainable entrepreneurship education in Indonesia.

Global phenomena highlight the increasing attention to entrepreneurship as a solution to reduce unemployment and promote sustainable economic growth (SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth). On a local level, vocational high school (SMK) graduates in Indonesia face the challenge of low entrepreneurial intention, which has the potential to exacerbate youth unemployment rates. This study aims to explore entrepreneurship learning strategies and the contribution of teacher behavior in shaping the entrepreneurial intentions of SMK students through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The novelty of this research lies in integrating two key elements—innovative learning strategies and teacher behavior as role models—which have been minimally discussed in previous literature. The urgency of this research stems from its contribution to SDG 4 (Quality Education), by strengthening entrepreneurship education as a foundation for developing a competitive workforce. The method employed in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which involves collecting and analyzing relevant journal articles using VOSviewer software based on selected keywords. The findings indicate that project-based and collaborative learning approaches enable students to directly experience real-world business challenges, such as developing business ideas and working in teams to solve practical problems. Teacher behavior, serving as both facilitator and motivator, plays a crucial role in encouraging students to dream big, believe in their abilities, and view entrepreneurship as an attractive career path. The implications of this research provide practical insights for educators and policymakers in designing effective entrepreneurship curricula while supporting the SDG agenda, particularly in promoting quality education, decent work, and inclusive economic growth. This study contributes to the reinforcement of sustainable entrepreneurship education in Indonesia.