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This research aims to evaluate the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in the learning process at MAN 1 Kota Padang, specifically focusing on the preliminary, core, and closing stages. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through classroom observations, interviews with mathematics teachers in grades X and XI, and document analysis of teaching modules. Observation results show high effectiveness levels across all learning stages: preliminary activities reached 100% (grade X) and 80% (grade XI), core activities reached 85.71% (grade X) and 93.33% (grade XI), and closing activities reached 81.81% in both classes. The findings indicate that teachers have implemented learning stages in accordance with the characteristics of the Merdeka Curriculum through context-based learning and differentiated approaches. Learning takes place actively and is relevant to students' lives, although there are obstacles such as limited technology resources and difficulties faced by teachers in independently developing modules. Overall, the implementation of learning is considered effective in increasing student participation and strengthening character values. This study shows that the Merdeka Curriculum has great potential in improving the quality of education in madrasah with continuous support through training and adequate facility provision.    

The development of critical thinking skills is essential for preparing future generations to effectively navigate the challenges posed by rapid technological and scientific advancements. This study examines the effectiveness of STEM-based learning (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) in enhancing critical thinking skills among elementary school students in Indonesia. Using a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test control group design, this research involved 120 students from three elementary schools in East Java. The experimental group was taught using an integrated STEM approach, while the control group continued with a traditional curriculum. The primary objective was to assess how STEM-based learning impacts students' critical thinking, particularly in areas such as problem-solving, reasoning, and analysis. The results revealed a significant improvement in the critical thinking abilities of students in the STEM group compared to the control group. Students in the experimental group demonstrated enhanced skills in problem-solving and reasoning, with notable improvements in their ability to analyze and evaluate information. Additionally, the STEM group exhibited higher levels of engagement, curiosity, and motivation in their learning, along with a greater ability to apply interdisciplinary knowledge to real-life contexts. These findings suggest that STEM-based learning can play a crucial role in developing critical thinking and other essential skills required in the 21st century. This research underscores the potential benefits of incorporating STEM education into elementary school curricula to foster critical thinking and prepare students for future challenges. The study recommends that policymakers and educators focus on providing the necessary training, resources, and support to effectively implement STEM-based learning in primary education. By doing so, we can ensure that students develop the skills needed to succeed in a rapidly evolving world.  

The existence of problems Incompletion and weak achievement of students' learning at SMA Sint Louis Semarang is caused one only by the lack of attention of some students towards PAK learning material the research aims to: 1) To find out the use of the snowball throwing method has achieved completeness results in the Sint Lous High School students in the independent learning curriculum 2) To find out the influence of the aspect of independence on the use of the snowball throwing method on the learning achievement of the participants Sint Louis High School students in the independent learning curriculum 3) To find out the effectiveness of achievement learning using the snowball throwing method for class X Sint Louis High School Semarang in the Independent learning Curriculum. To get answers to these problems researchers used research methods quantitative experiments. By using independence instruments. The population in this research is all students in class X SMA Sint Louis Semarang. With the sample used being all students of class posttest The results obtained were the difference between the average pretest score of 40 and after the posttest the average was 95. Therefore, it is concluded that PAK learning in the independent curriculum using the snowball method throwing rocky modules is effective on the learning achievement of students class X SMA Sint Louis Semarang. Suggestions it is necessary to add other methods so that the learning process in class is not monotonous and is able to encourage student activity    

The development of critical thinking skills is essential for preparing future generations to effectively navigate the challenges posed by rapid technological and scientific advancements. This study examines the effectiveness of STEM-based learning (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) in enhancing critical thinking skills among elementary school students in Indonesia. Using a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test control group design, this research involved 120 students from three elementary schools in East Java. The experimental group was taught using an integrated STEM approach, while the control group continued with a traditional curriculum. The primary objective was to assess how STEM-based learning impacts students' critical thinking, particularly in areas such as problem-solving, reasoning, and analysis. The results revealed a significant improvement in the critical thinking abilities of students in the STEM group compared to the control group. Students in the experimental group demonstrated enhanced skills in problem-solving and reasoning, with notable improvements in their ability to analyze and evaluate information. Additionally, the STEM group exhibited higher levels of engagement, curiosity, and motivation in their learning, along with a greater ability to apply interdisciplinary knowledge to real-life contexts. These findings suggest that STEM-based learning can play a crucial role in developing critical thinking and other essential skills required in the 21st century. This research underscores the potential benefits of incorporating STEM education into elementary school curricula to foster critical thinking and prepare students for future challenges. The study recommends that policymakers and educators focus on providing the necessary training, resources, and support to effectively implement STEM-based learning in primary education. By doing so, we can ensure that students develop the skills needed to succeed in a rapidly evolving world.  

The existence of problems Incompletion and weak achievement of students' learning at SMA Sint Louis Semarang is caused one only by the lack of attention of some students towards PAK learning material the research aims to: 1) To find out the use of the snowball throwing method has achieved completeness results in the Sint Lous High School students in the independent learning curriculum 2) To find out the influence of the aspect of independence on the use of the snowball throwing method on the learning achievement of the participants Sint Louis High School students in the independent learning curriculum 3) To find out the effectiveness of achievement learning using the snowball throwing method for class X Sint Louis High School Semarang in the Independent learning Curriculum. To get answers to these problems researchers used research methods quantitative experiments. By using independence instruments. The population in this research is all students in class X SMA Sint Louis Semarang. With the sample used being all students of class posttest The results obtained were the difference between the average pretest score of 40 and after the posttest the average was 95. Therefore, it is concluded that PAK learning in the independent curriculum using the snowball method throwing rocky modules is effective on the learning achievement of students class X SMA Sint Louis Semarang. Suggestions it is necessary to add other methods so that the learning process in class is not monotonous and is able to encourage student activity    

This Community Service (PKM) aims to increase the effectiveness of English language learning in second grade students of Mbomba Catholic Elementary School through the utilization of picture board media. The background of this activity is the low interest and participation of students in learning English due to the limitations of interesting learning media. The implementation method uses a participatory and educational approach that involves students actively in activities such as picture matching games, guessing pictures, storytelling, and singing. The results of the activity show that the use of picture boards is able to attract students' attention, increase engagement, and strengthen memory of English vocabulary. Despite the short implementation time, students still showed good understanding. Picture board media proved to be effective, simple, economical, and suitable to be implemented in schools with limited facilities. This activity illustrates that an attractive and interactive visual approach can be a solution in improving the quality of English language learning at the primary school level.

The low interest and engagement of lower-grade primary school students in literature serve as an important introduction to this study. The aim of this Community Service Program (PKM) was to enhance children’s literary abilities through the use of three innovative media: word cards, short story videos, and descriptive texts. The study employed an experimental method with a pretest–posttest control group design and a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach based on Kemmis & McTaggart (1988), carried out among grades I–III students at SD Katolik Roworeke 2, Ende (approximately 25–30 students per class). Results showed a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group, especially in literary element comprehension and literary appreciation. Word cards enriched vocabulary, story videos increased visual appeal and understanding, while descriptive texts trained literacy and imagination skills. The interactive and contextual learning process proved effective in fostering reading interest, teacher creativity, and students’ literacy enthusiasm. In conclusion, this method is recommended for adoption by Indonesian Language and Literature teachers in lower grades. Future research should expand sample size, include diverse literary works, and explore supporting factors influencing method effectiveness.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of mathematics learning implementation at SMK Negeri 6 Padang, reviewed from three main stages: preliminary activities, core activities, and closing activities. The method used is a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data collection techniques include participatory observation, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, as well as documentation. The research instruments consist of observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and questionnaires. The results of the study indicate that during the preliminary stage, teachers have conducted apperception but have not yet optimally implemented diagnostic assessments. The core activities are still dominated by conventional methods without the integration of contextual approaches or educational technology. The closing activities fully reflect in-depth reflection and are accompanied by adequate follow-up learning.Overall, the effectiveness of mathematics learning implementation at SMK Negeri 6 Padang is 77.77% in grade X and 77.77% in grade XI, which falls into the effective category. It is necessary to develop innovative learning strategies, utilize technology-based learning media, and enhance student engagement to make the learning process more active, meaningful, and aligned with the needs of vocational education.

The low interest and engagement of lower-grade primary school students in literature serve as an important introduction to this study. The aim of this Community Service Program (PKM) was to enhance children’s literary abilities through the use of three innovative media: word cards, short story videos, and descriptive texts. The study employed an experimental method with a pretest–posttest control group design and a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach based on Kemmis & McTaggart (1988), carried out among grades I–III students at SD Katolik Roworeke 2, Ende (approximately 25–30 students per class). Results showed a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group, especially in literary element comprehension and literary appreciation. Word cards enriched vocabulary, story videos increased visual appeal and understanding, while descriptive texts trained literacy and imagination skills. The interactive and contextual learning process proved effective in fostering reading interest, teacher creativity, and students’ literacy enthusiasm. In conclusion, this method is recommended for adoption by Indonesian Language and Literature teachers in lower grades. Future research should expand sample size, include diverse literary works, and explore supporting factors influencing method effectiveness.

Expository learning is a teaching strategy that emphasizes direct, systematic, and structured delivery of content from teacher to students. Although it is considered efficient in conveying factual and procedural knowledge, its effectiveness in supporting 21st-century learning demanding active participation and critical thinking is still debated. This study aims to critically examine the effectiveness of expository learning through a literature review of national journals published between 2017 and 2025. The method used is library research with a descriptive-qualitative approach and content analysis technique. The findings reveal that expository learning is effective across educational levels for conceptual material, but its weakness lies in limited student engagement. Supporting factors such as teacher competence, instructional media, and student readiness significantly influence its success. This study also finds that expository learning remains relevant when combined with interactive methods such as discussions and projects. Practically, teachers are encouraged to design more adaptive expository learning to maintain its effectiveness in today’s educational context.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of formative assessment in mathematics learning for tenth-grade students at MAN 2 Kota Padang. A descriptive qualitative approach was used with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques. The findings show that formative assessments were systematically implemented and aligned with learning objectives. Teachers employed various question types, especially essay questions, to assess students’ higher-order thinking skills. However, challenges such as limited time and lack of question variety were noted. It can be concluded that the formative assessment was fairly effective but requires further development in variation and technical support.

This study aims to describe the implementation of mathematics learning based on the Independent Curriculum at MAN 2 Kota Padang, focusing on teacher-student interaction and the overall effectiveness of the learning process. The observation covered three main phases: introductory, core, and closing activities. A phenomenological approach was applied using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected through direct classroom observations, interviews with mathematics teachers and students, as well as analysis of teaching documents. Instruments included Yes-No questionnaires, interview guidelines, and documentation review. The findings indicate that the learning process aligns with the principles of the Independent Curriculum, as reflected in the varied instructional strategies, active student engagement, and teacher readiness in applying learning modules. The effectiveness of learning was very high, with 95.21% in grade X and 92.99% in grade XI. Challenges included limited time and lack of participation from some students. Overall, the learning process fostered an active, meaningful environment that supports character development.

This literature review investigates the effectiveness of formulating SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound) learning objectives within the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) curriculum using a qualitative research method. A systematic literature review was employed to analyze empirical and theoretical studies published between 2015 and 2024. The findings reveal that SMART objectives contribute to increased instructional clarity, learner engagement, and alignment with curriculum goals. Thematic content analysis highlights key benefits, such as improved learner autonomy, language proficiency, and instructional planning. This study provides a structured synthesis for educators and policymakers in designing effective EFL curricula.

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the demonstration method in improving the ablution skills of early childhood. The study was conducted at TK Negeri Pembina Baubau with a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach consisting of two cycles. The subjects of the study were 20 early childhood students who were students at the institution. The demonstration method was used to provide direct examples of the correct stages of ablution, with the hope that children could imitate them correctly. The results of the study showed a significant increase in both ablution practice skills and children's enthusiasm during the learning process. In the second cycle, the majority of children were able to perform ablution independently with the correct sequence and movements. In addition, the learning atmosphere became more active and enjoyable. Thus, it can be concluded that the demonstration method is effective in creating a positive learning experience and is able to optimally improve the ablution skills of early childhood.

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the demonstration method in improving the ablution skills of early childhood. The study was conducted at TK Negeri Pembina Baubau with a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach consisting of two cycles. The subjects of the study were 20 early childhood students who were students at the institution. The demonstration method was used to provide direct examples of the correct stages of ablution, with the hope that children could imitate them correctly. The results of the study showed a significant increase in both ablution practice skills and children's enthusiasm during the learning process. In the second cycle, the majority of children were able to perform ablution independently with the correct sequence and movements. In addition, the learning atmosphere became more active and enjoyable. Thus, it can be concluded that the demonstration method is effective in creating a positive learning experience and is able to optimally improve the ablution skills of early childhood.

This community service activity aims to improve the ability to read the Qur'an among children in Pengkol Hamlet, Ngrami Village, through guidance and the role of the Qur'an Education Park (TPQ). The background of this research is the low ability to read the Qur'an due to limited teaching methods, lack of intensive guidance, low motivation to learn, and inadequate TPQ facilities. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods and Participatory Action Research (PAR) involving TPQ managers, teachers, and students. The results showed that children in Pengkol Hamlet generally have low Al-Qur'an reading skills, with many errors in the pronunciation of makharijul letters and incorrect application of reading laws. The presence of KDLK students in assisting teaching has made the learning process more conducive and allowed for creative activities such as competitions. Factors influencing the effectiveness of TPQ include teacher quality and competence, curriculum and learning methods, and family and community support. The main obstacle found is the large number of children (40 children) which is not proportional to the number of teachers. This community service is expected to create significant social change in improving sustainable Qur'an reading skills and strengthening religious values in the community.

This article explores the strategies used by early childhood teachers at TK Pelangi in managing learning activities based on children’s needs and the outcomes of training programs they have attended. The main focus is on how teachers apply training outcomes into daily classroom practice while adjusting to each child's developmental stage and individual characteristics. At TK Pelangi, teachers plan learning activities by considering each child’s interests, talents, and specific needs. In practice, they create a dynamic, enjoyable, and contextual learning environment to help children better absorb the material. Training outcomes are used as a foundation to develop more innovative methods, media, and approaches. Continuous evaluation is carried out to assess the effectiveness of the strategies. The findings show that managing learning based on children's needs and training results significantly improves the quality of teaching interactions and positively contributes to the overall development of children at TK Pelangi.  

This study aims to analyze the skills of understanding Arabic letters and reports at Madrasah Nurul Istifadah and identify factors that influence students' understanding, the learning methods used, and the effectiveness of the strategies applied. Understanding skills in this context include the ability to recognize text structure, analyze content, and interpret formal language styles. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that group discussion strategies and repeated reading with gradual understanding proved effective in improving students' understanding of Arabic letters and reports. This strategy not only improves students' linguistic abilities, but also encourages cooperation, self-confidence, and critical thinking skills. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more contextual and effective Arabic language learning methods, especially in understanding formal texts.

This study discusses social media-based English learning strategies in a case study on @glishbygiovana Instagram account. The background of the study is based on the increasing use of social media as a flexible alternative learning tool, especially among the younger generation. The main objective of this study is to analyze the type of content, presentation format, audience interaction, and the impact of reporting English skills on increasing followers. The study utilized a descriptive qualitative method in a case study approach. The results showed that short videos such as stories and comments, educational signatures, and interactive characteristics successfully attracted users' attention and increased active participation in the learning process. The interaction formed between accounting assistants and followers creates a supportive and dynamic learning community. These results suggest that social media, particularly Instagram, can be an effective and enjoyable learning tool when consistently relevant. The effectiveness of this study demonstrates the potential of social media as an adaptive educational platform for modern learning needs and can be used as a model for formal non-classroom English teaching strategies.

This study aims to analyze the skills of understanding Arabic letters and reports at Madrasah Nurul Istifadah and identify factors that influence students' understanding, the learning methods used, and the effectiveness of the strategies applied. Understanding skills in this context include the ability to recognize text structure, analyze content, and interpret formal language styles. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that group discussion strategies and repeated reading with gradual understanding proved effective in improving students' understanding of Arabic letters and reports. This strategy not only improves students' linguistic abilities, but also encourages cooperation, self-confidence, and critical thinking skills. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more contextual and effective Arabic language learning methods, especially in understanding formal texts.