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The vehicle ownership transfer form submission service at the Samsat Tandes Office in West Surabaya is a vital public service that frequently encounters issues such as long queues and extended waiting times. These conditions lead to user dissatisfaction and reduce the operational efficiency of the institution. This study aims to optimize the existing queuing system through a simulation-based approach to enhance service effectiveness and efficiency. The methodology includes mapping the current service process, collecting data on service times and customer arrivals, and modeling the queuing system using simulation software. Subsequently, several improvement scenarios were analyzed, including the addition of server resources. The simulation results indicate that the scenario involving the addition of one extra server during peak hours yields the most significant impact—reducing average customer waiting time by up to 20% and increasing the number of customers served per day. These findings demonstrate that simple interventions based on simulation analysis can produce substantial improvements in public service quality. In conclusion, a simulation-based approach proves to be effective in supporting strategic decision-making for queue system optimization and is highly recommended for implementation in other public service units facing similar challenges.

Inter industry benchmarking has become an important strategy for comanies to improve their competitiveness by mapping the advantages of other sectors. This research addresses the implementation of benchmarking as a transformative tool that allows companies to learn from best practices beyond the traditional boundaries of their industry. With a qualitative descriptive approach, this research explores the latest literature as well as real case studies of Indonesian companies such as PT. Astra International, Bank Mandiri, and Garuda Indonesia. The implementation of benchmarking in the three mentioned companies shows indusa positive impact in the from of increased operational effiensiency, innovation in products or services, and customer satisfaction. This study also highlights the challenges in implementing inter industry benchmarking, including internal resistance, resource limitations, and contextual adaption difficulties. Key success factors such as management commitment, cross-functional collaboration, and the use of modern technology are deteminants of the success of this process. Inter industry benchmarking not only improves efficiency but also creates added value for customers and strengthens the company’s position in the global market.

Background: The global energy transition requires low-carbon solutions that can be integrated into existing thermal systems without drastic infrastructure changes. Hydrogen blending in conventional combustion systems has emerged as a promising pathway to reduce carbon emissions while maintaining operational flexibility. Objective: This study aims to experimentally evaluate the effect of hydrogen blending ratios (0–100% by volume) on thermal efficiency, CO₂ emissions, and NOx emissions, and to determine the optimal blending range based on technical and economic feasibility. Methods: An experimental thermal system prototype was developed and tested under controlled conditions with three repetitions per operating point. Performance parameters included combustion temperature, fuel consumption rate, and thermal efficiency, while emissions of CO₂ and NOx were measured using a calibrated gas analyzer. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA at a 0.05 significance level, confidence interval estimation, and linear regression to examine the relationship between hydrogen fraction and emission reduction. Results: The findings indicate that increasing hydrogen fraction significantly improves thermal efficiency, reaching 87.5% at 100% hydrogen, while CO₂ emissions decrease linearly to zero. However, NOx emissions increase with higher hydrogen content due to elevated combustion temperatures. Statistical analysis confirms that hydrogen ratio has a significant effect on efficiency and emissions, with a strong linear correlation between hydrogen fraction and CO₂ reduction. A blending range of 40–60% hydrogen provides the most balanced performance in terms of efficiency improvement, emission reduction, and cost feasibility.

The rapid advancement of wireless communication technology has significantly influenced industrial automation, particularly in collaborative robotics (cobots). With the expected commercial deployment of 6G by 2030, this technology offers ultra-high-speed data transmission, low latency, and deep integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This study investigates the impact of 6G on enhancing the performance and efficiency of cobots in industrial settings, addressing challenges related to real-time coordination, network latency, and economic implications. The results indicate that cobots powered by 6G achieve a 25-30% increase in throughput, a latency reduction to 0.5 - 0.8 ms, and a 15-20% improvement in energy efficiency compared to 5G-based cobots. These enhancements facilitate more precise and adaptive human-robot interactions, improving operational flexibility and productivity across various sectors. However, challenges such as infrastructure readiness, cybersecurity risks, and high implementation costs remain key concerns. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the synergy between 6G and collaborative robotics, offering valuable insights for industries preparing for next-generation automation.

In today’s rapidly changing global context, employee motivation has emerged as a strategic issue in human resource management, particularly in sustaining organizational productivity and competitiveness. Developments such as digitalization, economic uncertainty, and workplace transformation have prompted companies to focus more deeply on effective motivational approaches. Recognizing the role of motivation in influencing employee retention, productivity, and operational efficiency, this study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to map key concepts and empirical trends regarding the relationship between employee motivation and organizational performance. Grounded in theoretical frameworks such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, and Self-Determination Theory, the study examines major drivers including leadership, compensation, and work-life balance. Findings reveal paradoxes in motivational strategy effectiveness across sectors and highlight research gaps, particularly in cross-industry approaches and integrative synthesis. This study provides valuable contributions for academics and practitioners in designing evidence-based, context-relevant motivation strategies aligned with the dynamics of modern organizations.

This study aims to analyze the influence of working capital management, leverage, and institutional ownership on the profitability of consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period, while also examining company size as a moderating variable. The consumer goods sector, which has a large market potential in Indonesia, makes it essential to understand how these financial aspects affect company performance. Working capital management plays a crucial role in maintaining liquidity and operational efficiency, leverage determines the extent to which companies rely on debt financing, and institutional ownership reflects external monitoring that can drive managerial discipline. Company size is considered a moderating factor that could strengthen or weaken these relationships, especially in influencing profitability levels. Using a quantitative approach, the research findings reveal that each of the main variables—working capital management, leverage, and institutional ownership—partially and significantly affects profitability. More specifically, company size is found to moderate the effect of leverage on profitability, indicating that larger firms may be better positioned to optimize debt usage compared to smaller firms. This study not only provides empirical evidence regarding financial determinants of profitability but also enriches the discussion on how moderating factors such as firm size can influence the dynamics of corporate financial performance. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for stakeholders, including managers seeking to optimize financial policies, investors evaluating company performance, and academics or researchers interested in exploring further implications for corporate governance and financial strategy in emerging markets like Indonesia. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of managing financial variables strategically to sustain profitability in the highly competitive consumer goods industry.

The rapid evolution of industrial robotics has been significantly influenced by the integration of computational data and social media, enabling robots to become more adaptive and responsive in collaborative work environments. This study investigates the role of social media and computational data in enhancing the adaptability of industrial robotics through machine learning techniques. By integrating sentiment analysis from social media with sensor data from industrial robots, this study examines how real-time data functions can improve robot decision-making and human-robot collaboration. Experimental results show a 23% increase in operational efficiency, an 89% accuracy rate in social interaction classification, and a 15% reduction in prediction errors. Furthermore, 62% of public sentiment toward adaptive robots is positive, highlighting the growing acceptance despite concerns over the impact of automation on jobs. These findings suggest that leveraging social media and computational data can significantly enhance the adaptability of robots, leading to a more efficient and socially conscious industrial ecosystem.

This community service activity (PKM) aims to improve operational efficiency and service quality at Santosa Catering through the implementation of a web-based catering ordering system. Santosa Catering, as a micro business, faces obstacles in managing orders that are still done manually, which causes inaccurate stock information, delays in delivery, and limited customer access to menus and prices. Through a Diffusion of Science and Technology and Knowledge Transfer approach, a web-based ordering system was developed and implemented to support business operations. The system allows customers to access real-time menu information, place online orders, and choose preferred payment methods, while the owner and staff were given intensive training to effectively operate the system. The evaluation results showed significant improvements in all aspects of assessment, including understanding of system features, operational skills, time efficiency, and customer satisfaction, as shown in the comparison chart of pretest and posttest results. The system not only optimizes operational processes but also increases customer satisfaction, strengthens business competitiveness, and has the potential to become a model for other micro businesses in utilizing digital technology. Thus, this PKM activity is expected to contribute to the sustainability of Santosa Catering's business in the digital era.

PT. Radysa Cosmetic is one of the businesses engaged in the distribution of beauty and cosmetic products such as Make Up, Body Care, and Skincare located in Medan City, Jl.Sisingamaraja, Medan Amplas District. However, it has a problem, namely the lack of access points in and out causing disruption to the efficiency of warehouse operational activities so that there is an increase in the number of customers and couriers who come directly to Radysa Cosmetic to make purchases because there is a spike in orders for goods or purchases at the beginning and twin dates every month. The research method used is qualitative in the form of descriptive, where data is collected through direct observation and research as well as interviews with the warehouse head. The results of this study indicate that by implementing the utilization or addition of access points in and out of the warehouse area, it can realize the optimization of the warehouse layout to increase the efficiency of operational activities in the Radysa Cosmetic warehouse.

The rapid development of information technology has encouraged Village Credit Institutions (LPDs) to adopt Accounting Information Systems (AIS) as an effort to enhance operational efficiency and effectiveness. However, the implementation of AIS in several LPDs in Abiansemal District still faces various challenges, such as data input errors and lack of system integration. This study aims to analyze the influence of system development formalization, organizational size, user involvement, training and education, as well as personal technical skills on the performance of accounting information systems. The research method used is quantitative with a survey approach. The sample consists of 96 respondents, comprising leaders and managers of 32 active LPDs in Abiansemal District, Badung Regency. The data analysis techniques include validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination test, F-test, and t-test using SPSS software. The results show that all five independent variables—system development formalization, organizational size, user involvement, training and education, and personal technical skills—have a simultaneous and partial positive and significant influence on the performance of accounting information systems. The coefficient of determination indicates that 55.8% of the variation in AIS performance can be explained by these five variables.

This study is entitled Analysis of Aviobridge Officer Performance During the Peak Season of Lebaran at I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport, Bali. The purpose of this study is to determine the performance of aviobridge officers and what obstacles they face during the peak season of Lebaran. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the performance of aviobridge officers is included in the good category based on five indicators, namely quality, quantity, punctuality, effectiveness, and independence. Obstacles faced during the peak season include increased flight volume, technical problems with the aviobridge system, weak communication signals, limited operational vehicles, and bad weather. However, officers can still carry out their duties professionally and in accordance with standard operating procedures (SOP). This study is expected to be an input for related parties in improving service and operational efficiency, especially during busy periods.

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the work discipline of employees of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) of Malang Regency during operational hours. Work discipline, which includes compliance with regulations, effective use of time, responsibility, and absence rate, is a key element in improving organizational performance and efficiency. A qualitative approach was used with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and document studies. The results of the study showed that the majority of employees comply with the regulations, but there were several cases of non-compliance and ineffective use of time. In addition, employee responsibility is generally high, although there are still obstacles in completing tasks on time. A good absence rate is an indicator of discipline, but some employees show a high level of absenteeism. The implications of this study include strategic recommendations such as strengthening work rules, time management training, and the use of digital absence technology to improve employee discipline. These findings are expected to help improve overall organizational performance.

The advancement of information technology has driven companies to adopt technology-based systems to enhance operational efficiency while also increasing the complexity of information security risks. This study aims to analyse risk factors associated with information security assets, identify potential threats, assess risks, and provide mitigation recommendations. The OCTAVE method was applied to identify threats, vulnerabilities, and critical information technology assets, while FMEA was used to determine risk mitigation priorities based on the Risk Priority Number (RPN). The mitigation recommendations were developed in accordance with ISO 27001:2022 standards. Data collection was conducted through interviews with XYZ company representatives, identifying 34 information security asset risks, including 6 hardware failure potentials, 6 software failure potentials, 14 data failure potentials, 4 human resource failure potentials, and 4 network failure potentials. The risk categorisation results revealed 5 high-level risks, 6 moderate-level risks, 20 low-level risks, and 3 very low-level risks. The mitigation recommendations include three ISO/IEC 27001:2022 clauses: Human Resource Controls, Physical Controls, and Information Technology Controls.

The new student admission process at SD Plus IGM is still carried out manually, which results in data inaccuracies and operational inefficiencies. This study aims to design an integrated enterprise architecture plan using the TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) methodology to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the student admission process. The research method applied is a qualitative approach through a case study at SD Plus IGM. The findings show that the implementation of TOGAF can align the business, application, data, and technology architecture domains and identify potential risks during the implementation phase. This study provides recommendations for a well-structured and integrated information system plan to support the digital transformation of the student admission process in elementary school settings.

In the growing era of Artificial Intelligence (AI), communication technology plays an important role in supporting the effectiveness and efficiency of business operations. This research aims to analyze how the implementation of business communication technologies, such as email, video conferencing, online collaboration platforms, and information management systems, can improve efficiency in work processes and decision making. The methods used in this research are literature study and case analysis of several companies that have successfully integrated communication technology in their business activities. The results show that the strategic use of communication technology can speed up the flow of information, reduce operational costs, and improve productivity and coordination between teams. The findings emphasize the importance of appropriate adoption of communication technology in improving business competitiveness amidst changing market dynamics.  

This study aims to analyze the revenue budget of PT Securindo Packatama Indonesia in 2020. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the suitability between the planned budget and the realization of the company's revenue and to identify factors that influence revenue fluctuations. The type of research used is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The results of the study indicate significant revenue fluctuations throughout the year which are influenced by operational activities, the number of projects, and the efficiency of vehicle use. There is a difference between the budget and the realization of revenue which indicates the need for improvement in budget preparation. Thus, the company is advised to conduct regular budget evaluations, use more accurate historical data, and improve the accuracy of operational projections.    

SISFOANGUD is an operational data reporting apllication developed by the Ministry of Transportation to digitalize work processes in the air transportation sector. This study aiims to analyze the implementation of SISFOANGUD (Sistem Informasi Angkutan Udara) in supporting the work efficiency of information Unit officers at Sultan Muhammad Salahuddin in Bima. The underlying issue of this research is thet information unit staff still tend to rely on manual recording, one habit that persists is writing data ob small pieces of paper first before inputting it into the application. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and self appraisal. The data analysis technique used was thematic analysis, with data validity tested through source and technique trianggulation. The results of the study show that the SISFOANGUD application can support the work effiency of Information Unit officers if it is used consistently, supported by clear standard operating prosedures (SOP), continuous training, a shift in work culture toward digital systems, and increased self awareness among staff.

This study aims to analyze the product quality of tofu at Tahu Tansa, a tofu business located in Bogor City, by utilizing quality control tools such as check sheets, Pareto diagrams, and fishbone diagrams. Tofu is a nutritious food product with high consumer demand, but its production process often encounters defects that affect product quality. This research uses primary data obtained through direct observation and interviews and is analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods. The results show that the most dominant defect is non-standard tofu cutting size (50%), followed by overly soft texture (37.87%), and residual cloth stuck on the product (12.13%). Based on fishbone analysis, these defects are caused by suboptimal factors including manpower, machines, methods, raw materials, and measurement. The findings imply that improvements in operational standards, workforce training, and strict monitoring of raw materials and equipment are necessary to maintain quality and improve production efficiency at Tahu Tansa.

Internal performance evaluation is an essential process within strategic management, aimed at assessing a company's internal capabilities to achieve its strategic goals. This evaluation involves a comprehensive analysis of key internal components, including human resources, finance, operations, and marketing. The primary objective is to identify internal strengths and weaknesses, along with external opportunities and threats that may influence organizational performance. This study employs a qualitative research method to explore how internal evaluations contribute to strategic decision-making. The findings suggest that regular and systematic internal performance evaluations can serve as a strong foundation for formulating effective strategies, improving operational efficiency, and enhancing competitive advantage in the market. Thus, internal performance evaluation plays a vital role in supporting the strategic development and long-term sustainability of a company.

This study aims to analyze the organizational restructuring process at PT X and its impact on operational efficiency. This research also identifies post-restructuring barriers and formulates solutions that can be implemented. By using qualitative methods through interviews, observations, and documentation, the results showed that restructuring had a positive impact on operational cost efficiency, accelerated decision-making, and workflow efficiency. However, obstacles such as increased workload, adaptation difficulties, and technical constraints emerged. To overcome them, the company is advised to provide counseling services, transition training, and regular workload evaluations to maintain productivity and support the success of restructuring in the long run.