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This research aims to: 1) determine the effect of bullying behavior on student learning achievement; 2) Analyze the impact of bullying behavior apart from its impact on learning achievement. This type of research includes ex post facto research which is carried out on the basis of events or phenomena that occur to find bullying behavior on student learning achievement. The approach taken is a descriptive quantitative approach and a literature review method. This method is used to collect, identify, evaluate and interpret articles that focus on describing the impact of bullying behavior in elementary schools. The research results show that bullying behavior has an impact on students' learning achievement. shows that 15.4% of students' learning achievement in elementary schools is influenced by bullying behavior and the remaining 84.6% is influenced by other causes. Through the literature review method, it was found that bullying behavior can have an impact on poor socialization, low self-confidence, decreased self-esteem in the future, low social skills of students, inability to communicate with other people, experiencing depression, anxiety, and the possibility of hurting themselves.

This study examines the impact of blended learning on student engagement and academic achievement in secondary schools during the recovery phase of the pandemic. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing a comparative design to assess the differences between blended learning and conventional learning models. Data were collected through student engagement surveys and academic performance records from secondary school students exposed to both learning models. The results indicated that students in the blended learning model exhibited significantly higher levels of engagement across behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions compared to those in the conventional model. Academic achievement was also notably higher in the blended learning group. Statistical analysis, including t-tests and linear regression, revealed a strong positive correlation between student engagement and academic performance. The study concluded that blended learning significantly enhances student involvement and performance, particularly when supported by adequate technological infrastructure and teacher preparedness. These findings suggest that blended learning should be integrated as a permanent strategy in post-pandemic education to support student success and engagement. The study also emphasizes the importance of continuous teacher training and technological support in maximizing the benefits of blended learning.

This research using the PTK (Classroom Action Research) method which aims to be able to find efforts to increase student activities through project-based learning models, to improve cognitive abilities and student learning interests. Learners are educational subjects considered active in shaping their chemistry learning achievement. The subjects this study is students of class XI IPA 2 SMA Dian Harapan Holland Village Manado. The focus of this research is the cognitive ability and learning interest of students. The results showed that the cognitive ability and interest in learning class XI IPA 2 SMA Dian Harapan Holland Village Manado there is an increase marked by an increase in the average score from cycle I to cycle III. There was also an increase in the activity of students. Therefore, the implementation of the Project Based Learning Model (PjBL) can provide a good and positive response for students.

This study explores the relationship between teachers' digital pedagogical competency and student learning outcomes in both rural and urban schools. A descriptive survey design, utilizing correlational and regression analyses, was employed to examine this relationship. Data were collected from teachers using a structured questionnaire assessing their digital competence, while student learning outcomes were measured through academic performance records. The results revealed significant differences between urban and rural schools in terms of teachers’ digital competence, with urban teachers demonstrating higher levels of digital skills. A positive correlation was found between teachers' digital competence and student learning outcomes, particularly in urban schools, where digital tools were more readily available. The regression analysis further confirmed that digital competence was a significant predictor of student achievement, with urban schools outperforming rural ones even after controlling for teacher experience. The study suggests that infrastructure availability, teacher training, and institutional support play crucial roles in enhancing digital competence, particularly in rural schools, where such resources are often limited. These findings underscore the need for policy reforms that ensure equitable access to digital tools and professional development opportunities for teachers across both rural and urban settings. Recommendations include targeted interventions for rural schools to bridge the digital divide and improve student learning outcomes through enhanced teacher digital competencies.

This research aims to produce an LKPD product with a realistic mathematical approach that is valid, practical and effective for improving students' mathematical communication skills. This research and development is based on the stages of the 4D development model by Thiagarajan which was adapted to 3D including the definition, design and development stages. The subjects in this research were the X-Mipa 1 class of SMAN 2 Kabanjahe, totaling 30 people. Based on the research conducted, the validity of the LKPD obtained an average assessment of 89.47% by material experts and 88.15% by media experts with very valid qualifications. Through a questionnaire on the practicality of LKPD by teachers and students, an average of 90.27% was obtained by teachers and 92.12% by students with very practical qualifications. The implementation of learning by applying LKPD with RME was carried out to see the effectiveness of LKPD in obtaining results, namely achieving classical learning completeness. 86.67%, achievement of learning objectives was achieved in questions 1,2,3,4 and 5 and achievement of efficient learning time, from the effectiveness assessment reference, the LKPD developed was classified as effective. The increase in mathematical communication skills that occurred was an increase in the moderate category with an average gain score of 0.632. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the LKPD with RME that was developed met the qualifications of being valid, practical and effective.

This research aims to evaluate the impact of implementing the STAD Cooperative Model on the learning outcomes of 10th-grade Fashion students in the Cultural Arts subject for the academic year 2023/2024. The formulation of the problem is whether this model can enhance students' academic achievements. The research objectives include evaluating the learning outcomes of students through the application of this model and providing a comparative study for students planning further research. The theoretical benefits of this research lie in its contribution as a foundation for subsequent studies, enabling other researchers to enhance problem-solving abilities for students. Practically, this study is expected to make a positive contribution to schools, teachers, and students. For schools, it is anticipated to improve the quality of education, especially in teaching cultural arts to enhance the academic achievements of students. For teachers, this research can serve as a reference in developing cultural arts education and other learning processes. Additionally, this study provides insights for 10th-grade Fashion students at SMK Negeri 3 Denpasar to improve their learning outcomes in cultural arts. Through the evaluation of the impact of implementing the STAD Cooperative Model, this research can serve as a foundation for developing more effective teaching strategies, contributing to the enhancement of education quality at the vocational high school level.

Decisions mark the beginning of every action. In the context of educational organizations, decision making is directly related to the role of the school principal. As a manager, the principal has a key role in making decisions quickly, precisely and effectively, by utilizing data and information optimally to improve the performance of the educational environment. At Babakan Jamanis Integrated Middle School, the principal has succeeded in carrying out the decision-making process well. This can be seen from the stages carried out, including observation, data collection, planning and recording related to aspects of education in schools. The school principal also actively holds discussions with teachers to formulate policies, establish interpersonal relationships to manage events, provide ideas, involve teachers in training, and carry out supervision as part of management activities. All of these initiatives are reflected in teacher performance assessments which are not only useful for increasing teacher potential and performance, but also contribute to improving the quality of teaching and learning achievement at Babakan Jamanis Integrated Middle School.

Learning motivation is very important in the process of increasing learning achievement. Motivation to learn is one of the internal factors that makes a person enthusiastic about learning, because motivation to learn is essentially a driving force both from within and from outside the student. Therefore, the causes respond to desire, desire, enthusiasm, and joy in learning activities to achieve goals. With this P5P2RA activity, we hope that all students can make the best use of it. This activity allows students to learn outside the classroom and produce new work and ideas related to their projects, and this activity also makes students enthusiastic. You can study not only in class, but also outside class, so you can study without getting bored. You can also learn while playing, because there are activities that make you excited and motivated to learn, and there are also activities that require you to compete to complete each task. project. A student's level of learning motivation is determined by his behavior during the learning process. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of implementing the Pancasila and Rahmatan Lil Alamin Student Profile Improvement Project (P5P2RA) at MAN 1 Solok Plus Skills in Koto Baru Solok Regency, the principles of its implementation and its impact on students. is analyzing. Action. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method.

In developing an independent curriculum in Indonesia, one of them cannot be separated from the role of philosophy of science, which in curriculum development is the spirit or foundation of education which must be evaluated, studied periodically, innovative and dynamic following changing times, such as the philosophical Ki Hajar Dewantara who stated that education is appropriate. the nature of nature and the nature of the times, meaning that education develops according to the times. Of course, all the changes and developments that occur in the educational curriculum cannot be separated from the results of several studies on how the implementation of this independent curriculum can overcome learning loss, the effects of the Covid pandemic plus the global challenges of change from era 4.0 to Society 5.0, which has the impact that today's generation needs. have the ability to think critically, creatively and innovatively. In the independent curriculum, it can be seen that the superiority of its characteristics is that the material is simpler and more in-depth and there is a significant reduction in material. The materials presented are limited to essential material. Reducing material provides an opportunity for students to explore the material more comprehensively. Next is more independence, which means that in an independent curriculum, students are given more freedom to choose the subjects they are interested in according to their interests, talents, potential and aspirations. Meanwhile, teachers can teach according to the stages of student achievement and development. So it is more relevant and interactive. Students are guided to be able to collaborate, work together to form groups to identify problems that are becoming issues to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students, namely faith and devotion to God Almighty and noble character, global diversity, mutual cooperation, independence, critical reasoning and creativity. The essence of this independent curriculum is independent learning. This aims to enable students to explore their respective interests, potential and talents.

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of spiritual quotient on students’ learning achievement through students’ learning efforts. The study used a correlational study. The participants of the study were 195 college students of Institute of Technology and Bisiness of Indragiri which was taken by using cluster sampling. The data were collected using questionnaire and was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The finding showed there was no significant effect between students’ spiritual quotient on students’ learning achievement, there was a significant effect between students’ efforts on students’ learning achievement, there was no significant effect between students’ spiritual quotient on students’ learning achievement through students learning efforts.

This research is motivated by the importance of teachers' efforts to change teaching methods and create an attractive teaching atmosphere in the classroom so that students can actively participate in learning in a proactive way. Be active, not passive, to achieve the high learning outcomes achieved by students. The purpose of this study was to determine the strategies of Islamic religious education teachers in improving student academic achievement. This research uses qualitative methods based on field research, research data is collected through observation, interviews, documents, analysis, reduction, presentation and verification of data. The results showed that the PAI teacher's strategy to improve PAI learning is to use "discovery learning strategies" through scientific methods. Using the "Discovery Learning strategy" saw student learning outcomes gradually improve from passive learning to active learning. Students lacking enthusiasm turn into enthusiasm in learning. Through the "Discovery Learning strategy", students can find their own learning material without waiting for the teacher to explain the material.

This research is specifically to find out how the principal's leadership in improving teacher performance at SD Islam Integral Luqman Al Hakim 02 Batam, the factors that can influence and factors that can improve teacher performance, are expected. By knowing all that, some suggestions can be given that can be taken into consideration for school principals, especially in improving the performance of teachers in their schools. The essence of the principal's leadership is aimed at guiding and fostering teachers to become professional teachers and have achievements and performance and teaching skills. The teacher is the most decisive component in the education system as a whole, which must receive central attention. This figure will always be a strategic spotlight when talking about education issues, because teachers are always associated with any component in the education system, especially in relation to the teaching and learning process. With a professional teacher, a further goal, namely improving student learning outcomes will be achieved. It is the principal's duty as a leader to assist teachers in improving teacher professionalism and performance. While there are still many teachers who in carrying out learning activities have not met expectations. Therefore, the author needs to examine the pattern of Principal Leadership in an effort to improve teacher performance at SD Islam Integral Luqman Al Hakim 02 Batam. From the results of the study it was stated that the principal's leadership was considered good, but had not had a positive impact on improving teacher performance at SD Islam Integral Luqman Al Hakim 02 Batam While the performance of teachers at SD Islam Integral Luqman Al Hakim 02 Batam is considered good, but has not run optimally as expected, this is due to the lack of teacher ability in preparing learning tools, especially Learning Implementation Plans, inadequate school facilities and infrastructure, and also the difficulties of teachers in creating educational interactions between students and teachers, as well as the difficulty of creating a conducive classroom. However, at the level of evaluation/assessment of learning outcomes, the average teacher has implemented it well and added remedial and enrichment programs

Based on the initial observations indicating the low learning outcomes of students in the cultural arts learning, the implementation of Classroom Action Research (PTK) at SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar becomes a necessity. Therefore, this research will utilize the Prezi application as a media with the aim of improving the learning outcomes in cultural arts learning. This research is a type of Classroom Action Research consisting of two cycles, and each cycle comprises four stages. The subjects of this study are students of class X AK 1 at SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar, totaling 32 people. The data collection technique involves observation related to the implementation of actions and the achievement of results, and also presentation assessments. The data analysis technique employed includes qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis. The research results indicate an improvement in cultural arts learning outcomes in class X AK 1 from cycle I to cycle II. This can be observed through the increase in the average scores from the presentation assessments.

Based on the initial observations indicating the low learning outcomes of students in the cultural arts learning, the implementation of Classroom Action Research (PTK) at SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar becomes a necessity. Therefore, this research will utilize the Prezi application as a media with the aim of improving the learning outcomes in cultural arts learning. This research is a type of Classroom Action Research consisting of two cycles, and each cycle comprises four stages. The subjects of this study are students of class X AK 1 at SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar, totaling 32 people. The data collection technique involves observation related to the implementation of actions and the achievement of results, and also presentation assessments. The data analysis technique employed includes qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis. The research results indicate an improvement in cultural arts learning outcomes in class X AK 1 from cycle I to cycle II. This can be observed through the increase in the average scores from the presentation assessments.

Based on the initial observations indicating the low learning outcomes of students in the cultural arts learning, the implementation of Classroom Action Research (PTK) at SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar becomes a necessity. Therefore, this research will utilize the Prezi application as a media with the aim of improving the learning outcomes in cultural arts learning. This research is a type of Classroom Action Research consisting of two cycles, and each cycle comprises four stages. The subjects of this study are students of class X AK 1 at SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar, totaling 32 people. The data collection technique involves observation related to the implementation of actions and the achievement of results, and also presentation assessments. The data analysis technique employed includes qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis. The research results indicate an improvement in cultural arts learning outcomes in class X AK 1 from cycle I to cycle II. This can be observed through the increase in the average scores from the presentation assessments.

Based on the initial observations indicating the low learning outcomes of students in the cultural arts learning, the implementation of Classroom Action Research (PTK) at SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar becomes a necessity. Therefore, this research will utilize the Prezi application as a media with the aim of improving the learning outcomes in cultural arts learning. This research is a type of Classroom Action Research consisting of two cycles, and each cycle comprises four stages. The subjects of this study are students of class X AK 1 at SMK Negeri 2 Denpasar, totaling 32 people. The data collection technique involves observation related to the implementation of actions and the achievement of results, and also presentation assessments. The data analysis technique employed includes qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis. The research results indicate an improvement in cultural arts learning outcomes in class X AK 1 from cycle I to cycle II. This can be observed through the increase in the average scores from the presentation assessments.

This research aims to determine the extent of the teacher's role in motivating to improve the quality of UPTD-based student learning at the 71 Barru State Elementary School (SD). Barru Regency, South Sulawesi. This research method uses qualitative with a purposive sampling technique based on needs with a sample of 10 teachers. The research design was carried out based on the Creswell 1996 setting. The results obtained are that the role of the teacher is an important role in improving teaching and guiding if teaching is processing people to become smart, intelligent, clever. Guiding means activities that require students to develop in providing an environment and direction that is in accordance with educational goals. Motivation as a teacher is important because improving the quality of education is a requirement to accelerate the realization of a democratic society. And the quality of student learning is important in improving student achievement.

The development of technology is currently increasingly rapidly providing convenience and benefits for humans, one example of technology that provides entertainment benefits is online games. However, online game addiction is one of several forms of addiction caused by technological developments, one of which is the internet or better known as internet addictive disorder. The objectives of this research are: 1) Analyzing online game addiction experienced by students IAIN Sheikh Nurjati Cirebon. 2) Analyze the learning achievements experienced by IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon students. 3) Analyzing the influence of online games on the learning achievement of IAIN Syekh Nurjati Ciebon students. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. The data collection technique applied in the research was interviewing 5 students and distributing questionnaires which were filled in by 15 students. The results of this study show 1) Most respondents (50%) had difficulty stopping playing online games, while 33.3% admitted that they had fairly good control but still felt interested in continuing to play. 2) Effective learning can help pupils and students to achieve learning goals. 3) It can be concluded that 37.5% stated that they do not like playing online games, because they have a very bad effect on learning. In the same percentage, 37.5% stated that they did not agree with online games, but did not provide clear reasons. It can be concluded that the research shows that the majority of respondents have difficulty stopping playing online games, while effective learning can help achieve learning goals, and around 37.5% of respondents stated that they do not like or disagree with online games because they have a bad effect on learning, although some of them they didn't give a clear reason.    

The development of technology is currently increasingly rapidly providing convenience and benefits for humans, one example of technology that provides entertainment benefits is online games. However, online game addiction is one of several forms of addiction caused by technological developments, one of which is the internet or better known as internet addictive disorder. The objectives of this research are: 1) Analyzing online game addiction experienced by students IAIN Sheikh Nurjati Cirebon. 2) Analyze the learning achievements experienced by IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon students. 3) Analyzing the influence of online games on the learning achievement of IAIN Syekh Nurjati Ciebon students. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. The data collection technique applied in the research was interviewing 5 students and distributing questionnaires which were filled in by 15 students. The results of this study show 1) Most respondents (50%) had difficulty stopping playing online games, while 33.3% admitted that they had fairly good control but still felt interested in continuing to play. 2) Effective learning can help pupils and students to achieve learning goals. 3) It can be concluded that 37.5% stated that they do not like playing online games, because they have a very bad effect on learning. In the same percentage, 37.5% stated that they did not agree with online games, but did not provide clear reasons. It can be concluded that the research shows that the majority of respondents have difficulty stopping playing online games, while effective learning can help achieve learning goals, and around 37.5% of respondents stated that they do not like or disagree with online games because they have a bad effect on learning, although some of them they didn't give a clear reason.    

Inclusive education is a process of responding to the diverse needs of all students. Various efforts can be made through changes and modifications in content, approaches, structures and strategies that can accommodate the needs of all students according to their age group. Implementing inclusive education requires schools to make adjustments in terms of curriculum, educational infrastructure and learning systems that are tailored to the individual needs of students, including assessing learning outcomes and determining grade promotion. The diversity of characteristics of students in inclusive schools certainly opens up opportunities for a very varied learning outcomes assessment system in determining grade promotion. The assessment system for learning outcomes for children with special needs has so far been the same as for other students. The assessment system commonly used in determining grade promotion for students in inclusive schools is based on the achievement of mental skills.