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One of the key topics in education and disaster mitigation is the use of geophysical science to deal with natural disasters and to raise environmental awareness of high school students. We discussed how geophysician science can be incorporated into high school curricula to increase environmental Awareness and reduce natural disaster risk. We also highlighted the methods of geofysics that can be socialized to high school pupils to understand and manage natural phenomena, as well as to reduce the risk of natural catastrophe for society. By using this method, high school children are expected to learn about the Earth and how to cope with natural catastrophes

Work ethic is a philosophy of life based on a view of human life that becomes a habit and is reflected in behavior and actions. Islamic work ethic should be owned and applied by a Muslim. In the Islamic work ethic emphasizes more on cooperation at work. Implementing an Islamic work ethic is very important in an agency in order to produce superior quality human resources and will later affect optimal performance at work. What happens now is that employees and teachers at Fathul Ulum Islamic Boarding School have not fully implemented the Islamic work ethic properly. There are still employees who are less responsible and less disciplined in carrying out their work. So that the application of Islamic work ethic owned by these employees has not been able to improve employee performance because the resulting performance is not optimal. The purpose of this research is to find out the Islamic work ethic applied by employees at Fathul Ulum Islamic Boarding School and whether the Islamic work ethic applied can improve employee performance. In this study using qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis method used is data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. he results of this study indicate that the Islamic work ethic applied by employees at Fathul Ulum Islamic Boarding School has not been fully implemented so that the resulting performance is less than optimal and certainly not effective and efficient in improving employee performance. In the future, it is hoped that the Islamic work ethic can be fully implemented by all employees at Fathul Ulum Islamic Boarding School in order to produce optimal performance and improve employee performance.

This research aims to find out how teachers perceive the implementation of TPACK in current social studies learning. Learning has now entered the 21st century which requires teachers to be able to have communication and collaboration skills as well as utilize technology in the learning process within a framework in the form of TPACK. There are 7 components that need to be known in TPACK, including Technological Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, Content Knowledge, Technological Pedagogical Knowledge, Technological Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Content Knowledge, and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. The purpose of this article is to find out the views or perceptions of teachers in implementing TPACK in elementary school social studies learning. This research method uses library research, namely a method with a data collection process by understanding and studying theories from various literature study sources related to research issues or problems. The results of the research are that teachers' perceptions regarding the implementation of TPACK are very important and the components in the TPACK section need teachers to understand and apply them to students in the 21st century learning process.

This research aims to find out how teachers perceive the implementation of TPACK in current social studies learning. Learning has now entered the 21st century which requires teachers to be able to have communication and collaboration skills as well as utilize technology in the learning process within a framework in the form of TPACK. There are 7 components that need to be known in TPACK, including Technological Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, Content Knowledge, Technological Pedagogical Knowledge, Technological Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Content Knowledge, and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. The purpose of this article is to find out the views or perceptions of teachers in implementing TPACK in elementary school social studies learning. This research method uses library research, namely a method with a data collection process by understanding and studying theories from various literature study sources related to research issues or problems. The results of the research are that teachers' perceptions regarding the implementation of TPACK are very important and the components in the TPACK section need teachers to understand and apply them to students in the 21st century learning process.

Potential, talents and interests certainly need to be developed and started as early as possible. Therefore, developing potential, talents and interests has been implemented since elementary school level. This article was created using qualitative methods which emphasize an in-depth understanding of the matter being studied. One of the private elementary schools, to be precise in one of the regions/regions of Bandung, has provided a platform for developing the potential, talents and interests of its students through extracurricular activities. The school has organized and facilitated approximately two mandatory extracurriculars and seven optional extracurriculars as an effort to develop students' potential, talents and interests in both academic and non-academic fields.

Potential, talents and interests certainly need to be developed and started as early as possible. Therefore, developing potential, talents and interests has been implemented since elementary school level. This article was created using qualitative methods which emphasize an in-depth understanding of the matter being studied. One of the private elementary schools, to be precise in one of the regions/regions of Bandung, has provided a platform for developing the potential, talents and interests of its students through extracurricular activities. The school has organized and facilitated approximately two mandatory extracurriculars and seven optional extracurriculars as an effort to develop students' potential, talents and interests in both academic and non-academic fields.

This article discusses the differences in extracurricular activities between private and public schools in Indonesia. Private schools, supported by greater financial resources, offer a variety of activities with modern facilities. On the other hand, public schools, despite their limited budgets, still ensure equal access to education. Comparisons include infrastructure, fees, student numbers and extracurricular opportunities. Factors such as gender, religion and culture influence the offering of activities. Qualitative research methods and observations were used to explain the differences in planning, types of activities and assessment between the two. Field observations highlighted barriers in private and public schools, including facilities constraints. This article examines the strengths and weaknesses of the two schools observed, providing a holistic insight into the impact of educational institutions on student character building in Indonesia.

SEJARI PADLET (Semangat Belajar IPS dengan Padlet) which is carried out on grade 6 students at Karangasem State Elementary School aims to increase students' enthusiasm or interest in learning. Padlet application as a container for sharing learning materials from teachers. Students independently explore the features of the Padlet application which has been filled in with learning material by the teacher. Students do not need to download the application but simply open the link. The Padlet application can be opened at any time so students can study the material again in sequence. Best practice has been implemented by applying the learning by doing method in several stages. The first stage is the preparation stage, the second stage is training, the third stage is the implementation of the learning process. The results of questionnaire analysis and observations during social studies learning before and after using the Padlet application increased by 42.8% to 86.8% from 44% before learning using the Padlet application. Previously, only around 4 students out of 9 students showed interest in taking part in social studies lessons. After using the Padlet application, around 8 out of 9 students have shown interest in taking part in social studies learning. The average student learning outcomes also increased by 13.75 to 90 from the previous 76.25. All student learning outcomes are above or equal to the KKM, meaning students understand the lesson material more easily. From these data it can be concluded that the Padlet application is able to increase students' enthusiasm and interest in learning social studies.

This research aims to evaluate the development of teachers' professionalism in the digital era. The applied research method is a Literature Review. Data collection is conducted through library research to identify articles relevant to the research topic. The government strives to develop the teaching profession as a strong and respected occupation, as reflected in the enactment of Law No. 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers, which aims to develop the teaching profession through legal protection. With the rapid advancement of digital technology, teachers need to have appropriate qualifications to perform their duties effectively. A study indicates that strategies to enhance teacher competence involve comprehensive monitoring of learning aspects and gradual support from school principals and supervisors through training. The professionalism of teachers is reflected in their skills in applying information technology precisely and developing creative and innovative teaching methods.      

This research aims to determine the content of the novel Laskar Pelangi, ethics education in the Laskar Pelangi novel, and the application of ethics education in the Laskar Pelangi novel. This thesis uses a qualitative research approach, where the type of research is liberary research. Data collection techniques use documentation methods and online searches. Then, data sources were obtained from primary data derived from the novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata and secondary (Children's Moral Education books, theses, articles, internet sites, and journals). Laskar Pelangi is a novel written by Andrea Hirata published in 2005. It tells the story of education and contains motivational messages and enthusiasm to overcome life's difficulties, through perseverance and unyielding spirit. Several elements in the novel illustrate the importance of forming moral values in children, good ethics are considered an important foundation for building individuals who are tough, have integrity, and care for the surrounding environment. The application of ethics education in Laskar Pelangi does not only occur through formal learning in schools, but also through life experiences and social interactions.

This research aims to determine the content of the novel Laskar Pelangi, ethics education in the Laskar Pelangi novel, and the application of ethics education in the Laskar Pelangi novel. This thesis uses a qualitative research approach, where the type of research is liberary research. Data collection techniques use documentation methods and online searches. Then, data sources were obtained from primary data derived from the novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata and secondary (Children's Moral Education books, theses, articles, internet sites, and journals). Laskar Pelangi is a novel written by Andrea Hirata published in 2005. It tells the story of education and contains motivational messages and enthusiasm to overcome life's difficulties, through perseverance and unyielding spirit. Several elements in the novel illustrate the importance of forming moral values in children, good ethics are considered an important foundation for building individuals who are tough, have integrity, and care for the surrounding environment. The application of ethics education in Laskar Pelangi does not only occur through formal learning in schools, but also through life experiences and social interactions.

The transition of the learning process in schools due to the Covid-19 pandemic has changed the order of the learning process. Learning that is carried out online is again carried out offline. This has several obstacles faced by teachers and students, one of which is the use of teaching materials in the learning process. Digital teaching materials are one of the things that teachers should continue to develop in facing learning challenges in the post-pandemic period. This training activity on making digital teaching materials with the Kvisoft application is a solution to these challenges. Service activities are carried out in several stages, namely observation, training, and evaluation. The research was conducted using a qualitative research method with a field research approach. The research approach was carried out with a case study approach on the object of research of teachers at SDN 01 Kemuning. From the results of the research, it was found that teachers at SDN 01 Kemuning had not mastered technology in making digital teaching materials. Then, after going through the training stages, significant results were obtained in increasing teacher competence in making digital teaching materials through the Kvisoft application

PAK teachers not only act as resource persons in the learning process, but more than that is to provide good examples as their contribution to shaping the spirituality and character of students. The purpose of this study is to find out how the contribution of PAK teachers in schools to the formation of spirituality and student character in the era of disruption. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The author collects and analyzes information from various literatures such as books, journals and other scientific articles and draws conclusions. The success of a PAK teacher in the formation of spirituality and student character starts from himself by becoming a role model both in terms of spirituality, intellectual, moral and social aspects.

The aim of this study is to provide specifics regarding the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in upper-level Social Sciences courses, particularly when it comes to content related to diversity in Indonesia. A qualitative research method through literature review is the research strategy that is being applied. This study focuses only on giving a broad picture of how the Problem Based Learning paradigm is being used in Indonesian elementary schools to teach students about diversity. The results of this study show that a large body of prior research has demonstrated the efficacy of the Problem Based Learning paradigm in the context of social studies instruction at the elementary school level, particularly when it comes to teaching materials on diversity in Indonesia.

This research aims to analyze students' difficulties in solving HOTS questions in terms of facts, concepts, operations and principles. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. This research was carried out by collecting data in the form of information obtained from research subjects. This research is intended to describe or express in words (qualitatively) the results of the analysis of students' difficulties in solving questions which are Higher Order Thinking Skills. The subjects of this research were class IX students of GKPI Padang Bulan Private Middle School, Medan. The instruments in this research were test and interview instruments, where students were given questions to work on, then the researcher recorded the results of the students' answers and took 6 students to be interviewed based on the high, medium and low group categories. The results of the research showed that in the high group students experienced difficulties with principles, in the medium group students experienced difficulties with operations and principles and in the low group students experienced difficulties with facts, concepts, operations and principles. This shows the conclusion that GKPI Padang Bulan Medan Private Middle School students experience difficulties in solving HOTS questions.

Learning is a key element in building a nation's civilization. The level of learning understood by a community will have a significant influence on the lifestyle that will be created. The position of learning in achieving progress in various aspects of life, such as social, political, cultural and economic, cannot be questioned. This research is carried out using qualitative methods, namely research that is carried out through observation and seeking information directly in research positions or in other words it can be said as field research. This research uses a phenomenological approach by explaining and describing phenomena that occur in conditions in the field. In this case, researchers want to explain and describe the impact of School Policy Analysis to Improve the Internal Quality of Learning for Istiqlal Deli Tua Middle School Students. Istiqlal Deli Tua Middle School's policy in formulating its vision and mission shares the main focus on aspects of morality. Determining the direction of the vision and mission is influenced by close social interactions and the various backgrounds of students. The process of formulating policies at Istiqlal Deli Tua Middle School involves various parties, including internal schools, student parents, and other policy makers, in order to improve learning progress. This personal learning option as a school policy is not carried out without a reason, but rather is adjusted to the vision and mission that form the basis. learning system in the school. To realize this policy, the school has designed a management system and implementation guidelines that include regular, automatic activities and exemplary examples inside and outside the classroom. The conclusions of research on the analysis of school policies to improve the internal quality of student learning include an explanation of the important role of school policies in providing direction and support. Management of energy resources, including the allocation of funds and development of teaching staff, and the involvement of all related parties, such as teachers, parents, students and local communities, are considered important in achieving the goal of quality learning. Continuous monitoring and assessment are key aspects for identifying revision zones and adapting school policies. A focus on improving the educational process, innovative teaching methods, and long-term educational support are also recognized as elements that can provide positive impacts. Finally, adapting to changes in learning areas, such as technological growth, curriculum changes, and social dynamics, is considered important and requires flexibility in school policies. However, it is necessary to explain that this conclusion is universal and needs to be confirmed by specific findings from actual research    

Sunday School is a church institution founded for the purpose of worship child. We hope that through learning children will grow and grow in their faith exemplify children's character so that they become strong individuals in God. The most important thing is the role of the family Parents are very important in fostering and supporting the development of faith and character.child. However, it cannot be denied that the complete foundation of education includes: Overall it consists of four pillars, and in fact the first pillar is the family whose source is the parents.

A clean and healthy lifestyle is a health behavior that is realized through caring for oneself, family members and other people in the environment. Cultivating a healthy lifestyle is not just about washing hands, but throwing away rubbish so that students are exposed to a clean and healthy lifestyle. The researcher aims to conduct a literature review regarding clean and healthy lifestyles in elementary schools. Several PHBS programs researched from various articles show that clean and healthy lifestyles include washing hands, exercise, healthy snacks and proper waste disposal. Researchers used a technique (Systematic Literature Review). The target of this research is elementary school educators, because teacher awareness in educating children to behave in a clean and healthy lifestyle is still low. From the results of this research, it is hoped that teachers can teach and introduce clean and healthy lifestyles to children and provide several supporting services in implementing PHBS.

What is the id of the main character in the novel Teluk Alaska by Eka Aryani and (2) What is the ego of the main character in the novel Teluk Alaska by Eka Aryani (3) What is the superego of the main character in the novel Teluk Alaska by Eka Aryani (4) How to trigger learning about the inner conflict of the main character in the novel Teluk Alaska by Eka Aryani in high school. The method used is a descriptive method using qualitative analysis which describes the inner conflict that occurs in the main character. Data collection is used by reading and taking notes. The data source for this research is the novel Teluk Alaska by Eka Aryani with 408 pages published by Coconut Books, first printed in 2019. Based on the study and discussion of research results, it can be concluded that the characters Ana and Alister are protagonists who have id, ego and superego personality aspects. The most prominent personality aspect of Ana's character is the superego aspect, so that Ana's character has a patient attitude and is more concerned with other people's feelings than her own. Meanwhile, the most prominent personality aspect of the character Alister is the id aspect, so Alister has a personality that tends to be difficult to control himself and easily influences situations. The novel Teluk Alaska by Eka Aryani is suitable to be used as literature teaching material in high school, it can clearly help and support as a means of supporting the enrichment of students' reading in addition to certain novels which are used as learning material by literature teachers. It can be seen from the perspective of language, mental maturity (psychology) of students, and cultural background.

Moral education is an effort to mature humans who have an identity as actual human. School order is often used as an indication of the success of mental development and student behavior. The reality is that in schools there are stillmany violations of regulations school order. This condition gives rise to various problems and problems regarding implementation of moral education. This research uses Max Weber's social action theory with qualitative research methods and Schutz's phenomenological approach. Selection technique research subjects used purposive techniques. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques use data reduction techniques, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results obtained are the practice of school rules as a means of moral education at SMKN 3 Payakumbuh using a points system per semester recorded in the disciplinary book. Sanctions are educational in nature, especially for instilling students moral education. Enforcement of school rules at SMKN 3 Payakumbuh uses steps – steps in the form of installation in strategic places, socialization of school rules and regulations, and daily control of students as well as the involvement of teachers and leadership elements in maintaining social balance in the school environment. The obstacles faced in enforcing school rules are: lack of consistency of teachers in enforcing school rules. Efforts to overcome violations of school rules, namely preventive, curative and repressive measures.