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This study aims to examine the problem of the lack of implementation of experiment-based learning in Biology subjects at SMA Nahdlatul Ulama Padangsidimpuan. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach, with data collection through interviews with Biology teachers and literature studies. The results showed that limited laboratory facilities, lack of practicum tools and materials, and limited learning time allocation were the main obstacles in the implementation of practicum. Although teachers realize the importance of experimental activities in improving students' understanding and science process skills, structural support from schools is still very limited. In response to these obstacles, several alternatives such as the utilization of virtual laboratories, the use of experimental videos, and simple experiments based on local resources have been attempted. This research recommends strengthening educational policies that support practicum-based learning through the provision of adequate infrastructure, continuous training for teachers, and development of alternative learning media. Thus, Biology learning can be more effective in fostering students' scientific skills and critical thinking according to the demands of the 21st century.

This study aims to evaluate the completeness of inpatient daily census data and its impact on bed utilization efficiency at Assyifa Hospital Sukabumi using the 5M framework (Man, Machine, Method, Material, Money). Accurate inpatient census recording is essential for effective hospital management, particularly in optimizing bed occupancy rates and ensuring efficient resource allocation. However, issues related to incomplete data entry often lead to inaccuracies in bed utilization monitoring. By applying a qualitative descriptive approach, this research explores various factors influencing census completeness and their implications for bed usage. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, involving 37 nurses responsible for census recording. The findings reveal that human factors such as workload and understanding of standard operating procedures, technological limitations, procedural inconsistencies, inadequate supporting materials, and insufficient financial support are significant contributors to census incompleteness. Recommendations include enhancing staff training, improving technological systems, clarifying standard procedures, ensuring adequate materials, and allocating sufficient funding. This study provides valuable insights for hospitals aiming to improve their data recording processes and optimize resource utilization effectively.

Learning strategies play a vital role in determining the success of the educational process, particularly in achieving learning objectives effectively and efficiently. This article aims to comprehensively examine fundamental concepts of learning strategies by addressing five main research questions: (1) what is the definition of learning strategies? (2) how are models, approaches, strategies, methods, and techniques of learning interrelated? (3) what are the classifications of learning strategies? (4) what are the essential components of a learning strategy? and (5) what considerations are important in selecting an appropriate learning strategy? Using a descriptive-qualitative approach, this article draws upon various educational literature, both classical and contemporary, to formulate a comprehensive understanding of learning strategies. The discussion on the definition highlights that a strategy is not merely a technical step but also a pedagogical framework that reflects a systematic way of thinking. Furthermore, this article emphasizes the importance of understanding the interconnectedness of learning models (conceptual frameworks), approaches (philosophical orientations), strategies (overall plans), methods (procedural steps), and techniques (practical actions) in order for educators to design cohesive and holistic learning processes. The classification of learning strategies is discussed based on the learning approach used, such as expository, inquiry-based, cooperative, contextual, and problem-based strategies—each with its own advantages and challenges. The article also identifies key components of learning strategies, including learning objectives, student characteristics, materials, media, methods, and evaluation. In choosing the appropriate strategy, the author highlights the need to consider factors such as learning goals, learner characteristics, available resources, and the socio-cultural context of the learning environment, particularly within the framework of Islamic education. The findings of this study are expected to contribute both theoretically and practically to the development of more contextual, adaptive, and relevant learning designs, especially for educators and prospective teachers within Islamic State Universities.    

This article discusses the Direct Instruction strategy, a teacher-centered learning approach that emphasizes systematic and structured delivery of material. The purpose of this study is to address the following research questions: (1) What is meant by direct instruction strategy? (2) What are the characteristics of the direct instruction strategy? (3) What are its strengths and weaknesses? and (4) How is the direct instruction strategy applied in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects? This article uses a library research method by examining various relevant theoretical sources. The findings indicate that direct instruction is an effective approach for delivering factual and procedural knowledge, particularly when learning objectives focus on mastering basic skills and understanding concepts in stages. This strategy is characterized by clear teacher guidance, structured learning steps, and continuous assessment. Its advantages include time efficiency and ease of classroom control, while its drawbacks involve limited student participation and less development of critical thinking skills. In the context of PAI learning, this strategy can be effectively applied to memorization materials, basic conceptual understanding, and character formation through concrete examples and teacher modeling.      

This article explores the nature of the philosophy of Islamic education and its integration with the philosophy of mathematics in the learning process. The philosophy of Islamic education is rooted in the Qur’an and As-Sunnah and is further reinforced by the thoughts of Muslim philosophers. It encompasses three main aspects: ontology (the nature of existence), epistemology (the sources and methods of acquiring knowledge), and axiology (values and purposes). Islamic education aims not only to shape individual character but also to build a holistic educational system based on Islamic values. In this context, education is not merely a process of knowledge transfer but a means of fostering moral and spiritual development in learners. On the other hand, the philosophy of mathematics from the perspective of Islamic education emphasizes that mathematics is not solely an exact science of arithmetic, but also a discipline closely related to ethical and moral values in Islam. Mathematics is viewed as part of the divine order of Allah’s creation, reflecting His greatness. Therefore, the integration of Islamic educational philosophy and mathematical philosophy in learning offers a deeper approach to mathematical concepts. This approach not only enhances students’ cognitive understanding of the material but also instills spiritual awareness and values of faith and piety. By combining scientific and religious aspects, the learning process becomes more systematic, meaningful, and aligned with the comprehensive goals of Islamic education.

Technological advances that occur in the Globalization Era have a major impact on a person's mental development, especially for High School Students who in their daily activities require updated information to develop their abilities. The activities carried out if not accompanied by an understanding of the dynamics of social change, they will experience problems of Moral Decadence due to the lack of understanding of National and State Awareness. One form that can be done to increase students' understanding of the importance of national and state awareness is through counseling activities. Therefore, the provision of material on understanding the Increase in National and State Awareness to the young generation of Indonesia must always be carried out with the aim that the young generation of Indonesia can understand the positive culture in Indonesia which is very important to implement in order to create unity and unity of the Indonesian nation.

the importance of children's literature in supporting the development of literacy, character, and imagination in the digital era. Children's literature has unique characteristics and must be adapted to the world and stage of psychological development of children. As prospective elementary school educators, understanding the theory and genre of children's literature is important in selecting and delivering appropriate reading materials. This study examines the theory of children's literature according to experts, the classification and characteristics of various genres of children's literature such as fairy tales, fables, myths and legends, children's poetry, picture stories, children's novels, fantasy, and realistic fiction. Each genre is discussed by prioritizing the educational and moral functions contained, and is equipped with examples of relevant children's literature. With this approach, this paper aims to provide prospective teachers with a comprehensive understanding of the use of children's literature in an interesting and meaningful learning process.    

the importance of children's literature in supporting the development of literacy, character, and imagination in the digital era. Children's literature has unique characteristics and must be adapted to the world and stage of psychological development of children. As prospective elementary school educators, understanding the theory and genre of children's literature is important in selecting and delivering appropriate reading materials. This study examines the theory of children's literature according to experts, the classification and characteristics of various genres of children's literature such as fairy tales, fables, myths and legends, children's poetry, picture stories, children's novels, fantasy, and realistic fiction. Each genre is discussed by prioritizing the educational and moral functions contained, and is equipped with examples of relevant children's literature. With this approach, this paper aims to provide prospective teachers with a comprehensive understanding of the use of children's literature in an interesting and meaningful learning process.    

This study aims to see to what extent the use of the Ruangguru platform affects students' learning motivation in offline Indonesian language learning at the Indonesian Education University. Amid the rapid development of educational technology, it is important to understand the role of digital tools such as Ruangguru in the context of face-to-face learning. This study uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 102 students who have used Ruangguru and are at least 15 years old. The results show that most aspects of platform use are classified as low, but elements such as attractiveness of appearance, presentation of materials, and quality of learning videos are quite appreciated by users. Students' learning motivation is in the fairly high category, especially in terms of enthusiasm for learning and self-confidence in understanding the material. The habit of using the platform routinely is still relatively low. These findings indicate that Ruangguru has the potential to support offline learning motivation, but its effectiveness will be more pronounced if accompanied by direct direction from lecturers and more structured learning strategies.

Adolescence is a crucial developmental phase often marked by a lack of responsibility, which can lead to negative behaviors such as juvenile delinquency and promiscuity. Therefore, developing a responsible character in adolescents is essential to guide them toward positive behavior. One effective approach is through life skills education implemented in the local village (gampong) environment. This community service initiative aims to instill a sense of responsibility in adolescents by involving them in the planting and maintenance of family medicinal plants (TOGA). Through this activity, adolescents are expected to develop care, discipline, and responsibility, which are reflected in their commitment to nurturing the plants. The activity was implemented in Gampong Cot Alue, Ingin Jaya District, Aceh Besar, and carried out over two days, from February 14 to 15, 2025. The method used in the planning and execution of the TOGA planting involved five stages: (1) creating an activity plan, (2) preparing tools and materials, (3) preparing the planting area, (4) plant nurseries, and (5) creating plant identification markers. These stages were designed to introduce a structured approach to life skills and community engagement.The outcomes of the program demonstrated an increase in adolescents' awareness and understanding of the importance of TOGA. Additionally, there was a noticeable improvement in their sense of responsibility and participation in daily activities beyond school. The broader community, particularly the youth, gained valuable knowledge about the benefits of TOGA for disease prevention, treatment, and health maintenance, contributing to a healthier and more proactive lifestyle within the village environment.

Monitoring child growth and development can be one of the efforts in preventing stunting. The role of mothers is very important in monitoring child growth and development so that providing education to mothers about monitoring child growth and development can be an effort to prevent stunting in the future. This activity was carried out at the Bengkong Abadi Baru Posyantu in Batam City using lecture and direct practice methods. The material presented included child growth and development, and the use of child growth and development monitoring media. The results of the activity showed that participants had a high interest in understanding how to monitor child growth and development according to their age. In addition, the role of cadres in providing further guidance encouraged an increase in participants' willingness to participate in the program. This activity shows that providing education that is in accordance with the abilities of participants and involving cadres can be an effort to prevent stunting. The success of this program in the long term requires ongoing support from health workers to make this education program a routine activity in every posyandu. Through this activity, it is hoped that a community attitude can be created that is aware of the importance of monitoring growth and development to prevent stunting.

This study examines the integration of local wisdom values ​​in Social Studies (IPS) learning in Elementary Schools (SD) as an effort to strengthen students' character and cultural identity. Then the low utilization of local wisdom in IPS learning, which results in students' lack of understanding of regional cultural values. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of local wisdom values ​​in IPS learning and identify its impact on students' understanding and character. The method used is a qualitative approach with literature study techniques by collecting a number of information obtained from various sources and media to learn about the application of local wisdom if applied to IPS learning in Elementary Schools. The results of the study indicate that the integration of local wisdom values, such as mutual cooperation, deliberation, and environmental wisdom, can increase student involvement and strengthen a sense of love for local culture and this confirms that IPS learning based on local wisdom is not only relevant to the socio-cultural context of students but also effective in forming characters rooted in the nation's culture. The conclusion of this study is that the integration of local wisdom in social studies learning in elementary schools can be a significant educational strategy in building students' social understanding and character values, so it needs to be supported by educational policies that encourage the implementation of local culture-based materials in elementary schools.

The English language learning process at SDN 064037 Medan Tembung faces challenges related to a lack of interactivity and optimal utilization of learning media, particularly in the topic My Family. This research aims to analyze the impact of implementing Wordwall media in enhancing student interactivity, understanding of the material, and learning motivation. This study employs a qualitative approach through methods of observation, interviews, and documentation involving 25 fourth-grade students at SDN 064037. The findings of this study indicate that the application of Wordwall in learning significantly improves student interactivity, material comprehension, and their motivation to learn. The interactive features of Wordwall encourage students to be more active during the learning process, positively influencing their learning outcomes. Based on these findings, it is recommended that teachers utilize more varied learning media, such as Wordwall, to enhance the quality of education in elementary schools.

This research aims to increase student’s understanding of animal vocabulary materials in learning English in elementary school through the use of flashcard media. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with interview and observation techniques. Research results show that the use of flashcards as learning media can increase student involvement and motivation in the learning process. Students show a significant improvement in recognising animal names, characteristics, sounds and meanings in English after learning using flashcards. Observations during learning activities show that students are more active and enthusiastic, especially when playing flashcards in groups. This finding indicates that flashcards not only function as a visual aid, but also create a fun and interactive learning atmosphere. Thus, the use of flashcards in Learning English Language in elementary school can be an effective strategy to increase student’s  understanding of the material taught.

The main objective of this study was to determine whether the use of the flashcard method of the chain whisper game technique helps in memorizing and improving English vocabulary. The method used in this study is known as Classroom Action Research (CAR). Data were collected through documentation, observation, field notes, interviews, and tests. The researcher chose class VII, consisting of 24 students, as the subjects in this study. Based on the data obtained, it can be seen that there was a significant increase in students' vocabulary memorization abilities. This is evidenced by the average value of students in the pre-test and post-test 1, which increased from 56.25 to 67.91, or 11.66, while in post-test 1 and post-test 2, it increased from 67.91 to 77.08, or 9.17. This means that the use of the flashcard method through the chain whisper game technique in memorizing vocabulary can improve English vocabulary in class VII students of SMP 2 PGRI Rengas Bekri Lampung Tengah. It can be seen that this study concludes that the technique of memorizing English vocabulary with the chain whisper game can improve the memorization and understanding of class VII students of SMP 2 PGRI Rengas Bekri, Central Lampung, especially students' interest in learning to memorize vocabulary in learning English.

This study aims to analyze digital technology-based Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning strategies in an effort to enhance religious literacy and strengthen Islamic values in the lives of modern students. Using a literature research method, this study collects and analyzes various literature sources, such as books, scientific journals, articles, and related documents, that discuss the integration of digital technology in PAI learning. The results indicate that digital technologies, such as e-learning, social media, mobile applications, gamification, and virtual reality, play a significant role in creating more interactive, engaging, and effective learning processes. This strategy not only improves students' understanding of religious materials but also helps them internalize Islamic values in their daily lives. Additionally, digital technology enables access to a wider range of learning resources, encourages personalized and adaptive learning, and opens opportunities for more participatory collaboration and discussion. However, the implementation of this strategy also faces challenges, such as the digital divide, infrastructure limitations, and a lack of digital competence among educators. Therefore, collaborative efforts are needed to address these challenges, including training for educators, improving access to technology, and curriculum adjustments. Overall, this study concludes that digital technology-based PAI learning strategies are an effective approach to enhancing religious literacy and strengthening Islamic values in the lives of modern students, while also preparing the younger generation to face global challenges while adhering to Islamic principles.

This study aims to review in depth various literature related to the development of interactive PowerPoint (PPT)-based learning media in order to improve students' understanding of Civic Education (PKn) subjects at the elementary school level. Innovative and interesting learning media are considered to have an important role in creating a more enjoyable, active, and meaningful learning atmosphere for students. In the literature reviewed, interactive PPT media has been proven to be able to present material visually, audibly, and interactively, thus helping students understand abstract concepts in PKn more concretely. The method used in this study is a literature review of various national and international journals, scientific articles, and relevant research reports in the last five years. The results of the study show that the use of interactive PPT not only increases the attractiveness of learning, but is also able to encourage active student participation, strengthen memory, and build a deeper understanding of national values, democracy, and social responsibility. In addition, the development of this media requires careful planning, starting from the design of the display, the preparation of content that is in accordance with the curriculum, to the integration of interactive elements such as quizzes, animations, and multimedia links. Based on findings from various literature, it can be concluded that interactive PPT media is an effective alternative that can be used by teachers to significantly improve the quality of civics learning in elementary schools.

This research examines the influence of development policies on community empowerment in rural areas. Using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys (n=400) across four diverse rural districts with qualitative interviews (n=40) and focus group discussions (n=12), the study identifies key factors affecting the success of empowerment programs. Findings reveal that community participation in planning phases and equitable access to resources (financial, informational, and material) are fundamental determinants of successful rural empowerment. The research demonstrates that development policies are most effective when they: (1) enable genuine participation beyond mere consultation, (2) build on existing community institutions, (3) address power imbalances within communities, and (4) provide appropriate external facilitation. Statistical analysis shows strong correlations between empowerment outcomes and participation in planning (β=0.73, p<0.001) and access to financial resources (β=0.68, p<0.001). This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of empowerment processes and practical knowledge for policymakers and practitioners seeking to design more effective community development interventions in rural contexts.

Agraria law is the law that regulates relations between people and land and other people. Sudikno Mertokusumo explained that the law, also known as land law, is the interest of people in other people regarding land. According to Subekti, agrarian law is the totality of legal provisions, whether civil, state administration or state administration law, which also regulates authorities that originate from certain relationships. For information, the basis of agrarian law is regulated in Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning basic regulations on agrarian principles or UUPA. In this agrarian law regulation, there are at least seven principles1. These are: the principle of control by the state, the principle of social function, the principle of customary law, the principle of nationality or nationhood, the principle of limiting land ownership for the sake of the public interest, the principle of general planning and the principle of land preservation. From various literature it is known that the history of the birth of the UUPA tells the long history of the struggle of national figures in reducing the impartiality of land law for the benefit of society at large. In the era of reform, the logical consequences between political existence and interests and legal certainty, especially regarding land issues, have become a trending topic that is interesting to discuss. The complexity of land issues in this country is increasingly increasing and complicated, and is exacerbated by friction between interests that are politically charged. Legal politics consists of a series of words politics and law. (Suderto, et., al 1983) explains that politics is used in various meanings, namely: 2 1. The word polik in Dutch, which means something related to the State 2. Means discussing state issues or those related to the State Furthermore, Sudarto emphasized that the meaning of politics is policy which is a synonym for policy. In this sense, the words economic politics, crime, legal politics and criminal law politics are found. The relationship between politics and law, according to (Mahfud et., al 1998) explains that law is a political product. Law is seen as an independent variable (variable influence) and politics as an independent variable (variable influence). With this assumption, Mahfud formulated the law as: 3 Legal policies that will be or have been implemented nationally by the government also include an understanding of how politics influences the law by looking at the configuration of forces behind the creation and enforcement of the law. Here the law is not only seen as articles that are imperative or mandatory, but must be seen as a sum system which in reality is not impossible, in fact it is not impossible which is very much determined by politics, both in the formulation of material and articles and in implementing them.

Technological advances have encouraged innovation in education, including the use of interactive learning media in primary schools aims to enhance student engagement and improve learning outcomes. This study analyzes the impact, challenges, and effectiveness of interactive media through a literature review of relevant scientific journals. The findings reveal that tools such as PowerPoint, educational videos, and Kahoot significantly boost student motivation, facilitate better understanding of concepts, and promote active participation. However, challenges like limited access to technology, teacher preparedness, and varying student competencies must be addressed to maximize the potential of these media in education, among other things, increase interest in learning, facilitate understanding of the material, and encourage active participation of students. They also support independent learning, help students and teachers develop technology skills, and improve information retention, thus creating a more effective, efficient and enjoyable learning experience. However, challenges such as limited access to technology and teachers' lack of skills in operating interactive media are still an obstacle. With good planning and training for educators, interactive learning media can be an innovative solution in creating a more effective, fun and meaningful learning process for students in the digital era