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Sufism as one of the Islamic scientific fields has several stages of training (riyadhah) in order to get as close as possible to Allah SWT, so that through this iriyadhah you will give birth to lakhlak al ikarimah. The novel Ayat-Ayat Cinta 1 and 2 by iHabiburrahman El Shirazyi is a soul-building literary work that is strong in spiritual values ​​and full of jtasawuf values. Love 1 and 2 by Habiburrahman1 El! Crazy! as! work! literature! which is so famous in Indonesia because it is full of spiritual values, so that not a few people are enlightened. This research is library research, which is a type of research that refers to the treasures of literature, including books, essays, theses and other documents. Data collection in this research used philosophical descriptive research methods and to analyze the data in this research used historical descriptive methods, content analysis and interpretation. And in drawing conclusions, researchers used deductive methods. Apart from that, this research has a formal Sufism object and the novel Ayat-Ayat Cinta 1 and 2 by Habiburrahman Eli Shirazyl as its immaterial objects. The results of this research are: 1). The novel `Ayat-ayat Cintai' by Habiburrahman l El Shirazy contains 1 Sufism values, 2). The Sufism values ​​contained in the novel Ayat-Ayat Cintai by; Habiburrahman; El Shiazyi contain characteristics of Sufism; ;akhlaqi.

In this research there are four focus issues, namely how the process of implementing mandi berdimbar in Langkat Malay traditional weddings, what is the community's view of changes in the mandi berdimbar tradition in Stabat, Langkat Regency, what are the meanings of the mandi berdimbar tradition and how is the development of mandi berdimbar at the moment . The type of method used in this research is a historical research method that goes through four stages, namely heuristics, verification, interpretation and historiography. In collecting data, this research used two methods, namely interviews and documentation. The results obtained from this research are that the mandi berdimbar tradition is a Malay wedding custom from the past. Mandi berdimbar is also called a decorated mandi which is a series of bridal ceremonies which contain a lot of wisdom and teaching. want to get married. Berdimbar bathing is done after the party, the development of the berdimbar tradition is now rarely used, including by Malays, due to the times and the large costs involved in this berdimbar bathing tradition, as well as the lack of time to carry out the berdimbar bathing tradition. In essence, the aim of carrying out the berdimbar bathing event is to teach or remind the bride and groom to carry out the Big Bath (junub) after the wedding night and to convey the joy and gratitude of all the family. In essence, the existence of this tradition must be increased. If it exists among low society, over time this tradition will fade and disappear.    

The purpose of this article is to examine the current issues and difficulties that Nigeria's four main transportation modes are facing. The data utilized in this research were gathered by field observations, oral interviews, and a thorough literature search of books, journals, and pertinent government documents. After discussing the difficulties and issues affecting each mode's ability to continue contributing to the nation's economic development, the historical evolution of each mode and its historical role in that development are provided. The main effects of driving being preferred over other modes of transportation are the environmental issues associated with driving and the high rate of traffic accidents on Nigerian roads. There are numerous inland waterways of capacity that is underutilized as a result of the antiquated railway system. Despite being widely utilized, the airways still require significant development and refinement. In order for these modes to continue contributing to Nigeria's economic development, the study offered viable solutions to these issues and obstacles.  

The research aimed to Emphasise the significance of the statement of cash flows developed by the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and Understand the concept of documented accounting information and Highlighting financial fraud and how to minimize it. The research problem was as follows from the fact that the financial statements, which do not contain the basic characteristics of accounting information, including reliability, will reduce the degree of reliance on them, which affects those lists prepared by financial institutions (banks) operating in Iraq that not taking into account the preparation of the cash flow statement will inevitably reduce the reliability of accounting information, resulting in misleading accounting outputs that will be a door to financial fraud in its various forms. Hence, the main research problem is the following question: Does enhancing the reliability of accounting information according to the preparation of the cash flow statement reduce financial fraud? The research reached many conclusions, the most important of which are International accounting standards can be said to be a written statement issued by an authorized body aimed at unifying and coordinating accounting treatments and policies to reach unified results for a set of financial transactions for ease of comparisons and understanding by the relevant parties. The statement of cash flows works to provide historical changes in financial institutions and others through and for a specific period of time and these flows are either operational, investment or financing for their various activities. The research reached many recommendations, the most important of which are: Emphasis on the different economic units to prepare a statement of cash flows because of the information it provides on historical changes in the different economic units and their quality, whether operational, investment or financing.

Medan is home to a number of historical buildings from the colonial era and the Islamic Malay Kingdom of Deli, many of which are now heritage sites. However, some buildings remain abandoned, such as the Warenhuis building on Jalan Hindu. Built in 1918 and protected by Law No. 11/2010 and Medan Mayor Decree No. 433/28.K/X/2021, Warenhuis needs to be revitalized to maintain its cultural significance. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased interest in digital connectivity and art. Advances in virtual reality and augmented reality have created new immersive art experiences. The 2000s saw significant growth in the field of new media art, with more and more art collectives utilizing technology. The Cultural Promotion Law No. 5/2017 focuses on the protection, development, and utilization of the arts. Medan, the third largest city in Indonesia, has great potential as a digital art gallery that helps promote culture through conservation, development and community participation. The regeneration of Warenhuis as a digital art gallery uses an infill development design that blends contemporary digital art with the classic architecture of the building, creating a dynamic and inclusive art space while maintaining its historical value.  

The contribution of Abû Dâwûd Sulaimân Bin Najâh (413-496 H) in the rules of Rasm Usmani and the Publication of the Mushaf of the Qur ́an was enormous. Although in writing the rules of Rasm Usmani there are many differences, the contribution of Abû Dâwûd has its own distinctive rules in his school, and that is what is characteristic in his rasm book, namely at-Tanzîl. Then the question becomes what is the contribution of the rasm rule that Abû Dâwûd used in the publication of the mushaf-mushaf of the Qur ́an with various qiraats, which is what makes it a reference to the rules in the book of at-Tanzîl. Therefore, in this study the author will examine the book of at-Tanzîl in more depth, and this research will use a historical approach, then the author will examine further related to the rasm rules used as a reference by Abû Dâwûd in the book of at-Tanzîl and the author will explain the contribution and contribution of Abû Dâwûd in the publication of the current mushaf with the rasm rules he uses. The conclusion of the research that the author conducted is that Imam Abû Dâwûd clings to the mushaf of medina and his scholars, also explains more broadly and at length covering the science of rasm, and explains the rules in detail by discussing them starting from verse by verse in sequence. And the Qur ́an that is widespread throughout the world today is a clear proof of the magnitude of Abû Dâwûd's contribution because many countries use the rasm rules chosen by Abû Dâwûd in the writing of the current mushaf.

Batak Toba is one of the many ethnicities that exist in Indonesia as well as having unique cultures especially regarding to ceremonies and family especially when it comes to holding death ceremonies, in Batak Toba culture they have many. It is due to the fact that culturally and historically they are used to live under the circumstances of different status in the community. As modern as it gets, the death ceremony is still being held in its traditional ways with different ceremonies for different person according to how many families they have. Culture certainly influenced a lot in a community to the oral tradition by saying phrases and idioms that may sound different to another community from different background. This paper is intended to demonstrate the technical meanings of idioms that are commonly used in Batak Toba’s death ceremonies using semantics-cognitive study. This paper used a descriptive-quantitative approach with also the study of library study. The idioms that are written in this paper is searched from asking relatives who are of Batak Toba origin as well as from books, journals and several website articles.

Racism took a different turn in the 16th century, impacting this generation's society. Through racist beliefs and thoughts, people divided society into divisions. This study was based on racism and white people's historical oppression of black people. In this study, we examined two novels that help to analyze racism in society, and the impact of these novels on culture was also addressed. The study described slavery in the 19th century and the colonial times of Nigerian tribes. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn offered an American perspective on racism vs. the African setting of Things Fall Apart. During the 19th century, Nigerian people faced colonization that impacted the culture and behaviour of indigenous people. In this study, different aspects of racism and the effects of racism on black people were examined. This study also showed that the British invasion forced marginalization in every element of Igbo society, ranging from traditional values to religious and gender roles; this study aims to discuss the differences in the perspective of racism by analyzing Things Fall Apart and The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. These two pieces of literature helped to develop better concepts and aspects of racism in the social setting and highlighted the racism between white and black people.

Racism took a different turn in the 16th century, impacting this generation's society. Through racist beliefs and thoughts, people divided society into divisions. This study was based on racism and white people's historical oppression of black people. In this study, we examined two novels that help to analyze racism in society, and the impact of these novels on culture was also addressed. The study described slavery in the 19th century and the colonial times of Nigerian tribes. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn offered an American perspective on racism vs. the African setting of Things Fall Apart. During the 19th century, Nigerian people faced colonization that impacted the culture and behaviour of indigenous people. In this study, different aspects of racism and the effects of racism on black people were examined. This study also showed that the British invasion forced marginalization in every element of Igbo society, ranging from traditional values to religious and gender roles; this study aims to discuss the differences in the perspective of racism by analyzing Things Fall Apart and The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. These two pieces of literature helped to develop better concepts and aspects of racism in the social setting and highlighted the racism between white and black people.

The Sanghyang Permana Balaniksa site is one of the historical remains of the Galuh Pangauban Kingdom. The Sanghyang Permana Prabudigaluh Salawe site is one of the historical relics of the Galuh Pangauban Kingdom. This research outlines efforts to promote religious and cultural tourism at the site, which also acts as an educational resource and cultural destination. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Promotion of religious and cultural tourism at Sanghyang Permana Balaniksa with the hope of increasing visitors and becoming better known to the public, one of which is using the social media Instagram. Promotion uses new breakthroughs to increase attractiveness, where social media becomes an effective and efficient tool for promoting culture in the region. Using social media requires creativity in terms of composition and sentence structure that attracts social media users. It is hoped that promotion via Instagram can be significant in increasing public interest in visiting the Sanghyang Cipta Permana Site in Bojongmengger Village.

Government institutions have an important role in maintaining state stability, but often separatist conflicts arise due to dissatisfaction with a government system that is considered unfair. This research aims to examine the structure and dynamics of the government systems of Indonesia and Malaysia, which adhere to a presidential system, and Malaysia, which adhere to a constitutional monarchy system, so as to provide a comprehensive understanding of political dynamics in Southeast Asia. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach with literature study to understand the structure and dynamics of the Indonesian and Malaysian government systems. The research results show that Indonesia has a presidential system of government with strong executive power, while Malaysia has a constitutional-monarchical system with a complex division of power between the prime minister and the states. Although both share historical and cultural similarities, differences in their governmental structures lead to different strengths and weaknesses in the exercise of executive power and the relationship between heads of state and heads of government. In conclusion, although Indonesia and Malaysia have historical and cultural similarities, differences in their government systems result in different dynamics in the exercise of executive power and the relationship between the head of state and head of government. Understanding these differences helps clarify the challenges and opportunities faced by both countries in building and strengthening their governance systems in accordance with the needs and dynamics of their societies. Through this research, it is hoped that it can provide a deeper understanding of the structure and dynamics of the government systems of the two countries, as well as their implications.

As environmental challenges continue to intensify globally, there is an increasing need for educational systems to foster ecological awareness and sustainable living practices. This paper explores the integration of ecospirituality within religious education, combining deep ecology and faith-based pedagogy to promote environmental consciousness among students. Ecospirituality, a concept that merges ecological awareness with spiritual beliefs, provides a holistic framework that not only encourages ecological stewardship but also aligns these practices with religious values. The paper examines key principles of deep ecology, such as the interconnectedness of all life, biospherical egalitarianism, and anti-consumerism, and explores their application in educational contexts. It also delves into how religious education has historically approached environmental issues, particularly through faith-based pedagogies that emphasize moral responsibility for creation. Using a qualitative research approach, the study conducts content analysis of religious curricula, interviews with educators, and textual examination of religious literature to uncover ecological principles within religious teachings. The findings suggest that the integration of ecological themes into religious education enhances students' understanding of environmental ethics and strengthens their connection to nature. Despite challenges such as resistance to curriculum changes, variations in theological interpretations, and the need for teacher training, the study highlights innovative solutions, including professional development and curriculum adaptation. The comparison with secular environmental education models shows that ecospirituality offers a unique approach by embedding sustainability within spiritual practices. The paper concludes by recommending further research and curriculum development to ensure that ecospirituality can play a central role in shaping a sustainable future through education.

This study looks at the meanings of words and their context in Maya Angelou’s poem "Still I Rise." This poem is well-known for its message of strength and empowerment, especially for African American women during the civil rights movement. Using a qualitative approach, this research combines examining the text and interpreting its context. The lexical analysis looks at dictionary definitions of important words in the poem and their deeper meanings within the poem’s context. The contextual interpretation places the poem within the larger historical and cultural background of Angelou's life and the civil rights era. The findings show that Angelou’s use of language not only strengthens the poem’s themes of defiance and self-worth but also deeply connects with the socio-political climate of its time. The study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the lexical and contextual meanings of some of the lines in Angelou's literary work "Still I Rise" as well as in discussions of race, identity and empowerment.

This study looks at the meanings of words and their context in Maya Angelou’s poem "Still I Rise." This poem is well-known for its message of strength and empowerment, especially for African American women during the civil rights movement. Using a qualitative approach, this research combines examining the text and interpreting its context. The lexical analysis looks at dictionary definitions of important words in the poem and their deeper meanings within the poem’s context. The contextual interpretation places the poem within the larger historical and cultural background of Angelou's life and the civil rights era. The findings show that Angelou’s use of language not only strengthens the poem’s themes of defiance and self-worth but also deeply connects with the socio-political climate of its time. The study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the lexical and contextual meanings of some of the lines in Angelou's literary work "Still I Rise" as well as in discussions of race, identity and empowerment.

The application "Android-Based World State Flag Recognition" aims to provide users with information about the flags of countries around the world. The app is designed with a great interface and uses image recognition technology to identify flags. Users can explore flags, get brief historical information, and improve their knowledge of the visual aspects of the country's identity. The app uses up-to-date online resources to ensure the accuracy and relevance of flag information. The search feature allows users to quickly find the flag of a particular country. In addition, the app provides an exam mode to test the user's knowledge with a short quiz about flags. With the integration of Android technology, users can access this application easily on various mobile devices. The main goal is to provide an interactive and fun learning experience around the visual identity of the countries of the world.

This research aims analyse the chapter 2 Corinthians 6:14-15 in the Christian Scriptures and study itd implications in the context of marriage of interfaith coouples. This research uses the exegesis approach and theological analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of the original text and historical context of the chapter. The original text of 2 Corinthians 6:14-15 is of Greek origin and emphasises the importance of aquality of beliefs in relationships, especially in the context of marriage. Interpretations of this text can vary depending on the theological tradition and Bible translation used, with some common interpretations including the prohibition against interfaith marriage and the admonition to choose friends, business partners or co-workers of the same faith. In the context of church theology and practice, this text can be used as a guide for individuals and couples in choosing, life partners of the same faith and maintaining equality of beliefs in relationships. This research is expected to provide useful insights for individuals, couples,as well as religious leaders in dealing with the challenges that arise in interfaith marriages.  

In this study to analyze how social transformation contained in the novel An Enola Holmes Mystery The Case Of The Missing Marquesss in the Victorian Era. The author used a qualitative descriptive approach in this study. The qualitative descriptive approach refers to the formulation of problems that encourage research to explore or photograph social situations to be researched thoroughly, deeply, and deeply. As a result of this research we can understand the historical and cultural context in the novel, which is set in Victorian era 18th century England. It will provide insight into social, cultural, or historical aspects related to the characters' lives and enrich understanding of their social context. And we can contribute to the study, especially English literature by examining aspects of life transformation in the novel An Enola Holmes Mystery The Case Of The Missing Marquess.    

This research aims to identify the potential of the Paniai Lake ecotourism area as a natural tourist attraction that needs to be improved and developed, because it has very unique natural, socio-cultural and historical conditions. The potential tourist areas in Paniai Lake include Yautogi Hill, Bobaigo Hill and Aikai Pier. The three tourism potentials in the Paniai Lake area have huge opportunities to be developed as tourist destinations. The method used in this research is a qualitative method, namely using interview and observation methods with specific aims and uses. To achieve this goal requires a method that is relevant to the goals to be achieved and includes research procedures and techniques. By using interview and observation methods as well as SWOT analysis to obtain Strengths-Opportunities, Weaknesses-Threats. The results show that the ecotourism potential of the ecotourism area in Paniai Lake includes, Yautogi Hill, Bobaigo Hill, and Aikai Pier, the three tourism potentials in the Paniai Lake area have very large opportunities to be developed as tourist destinations, apart from having potential that can be developed, the third This destination has a very unique history and culture which is a special attraction for the development of the tourism area around Lake Paniai, as well as involving community participation in tourism development around Lake Paniai to improve the economy of the local community.

This article reviews the historical traces and central role of KH. Abdul Karim Lirboyo. The aim of this research is to determine the historical traces of KH. Abdul Karim in establishing the Lirboyo Islamic boarding school. The research method used in this research is a historical method which goes through four heuristic stages, Criticism, Interpretation, Histiography. Researchers obtained reference data from previous books and articles. Theresults of this research show that KH. Abdul Karim spent his youth enjoying his knowledge atvarious Islamic boarding schools, he studied at Syaikhona Kholil Bangkalan Madura for 23 years, then boarded the KH Islamic boarding school. Hasyim Asy'ari for 7 years. He is a scholar who left a historical mark on the development of Islam in Indonesia, especially in the East Java region, namely as the founder of the Lirboyo Islamic Boarding School in Kediri. He not only made major contributions in the field of Islamic education, but also played an important role in social, cultural and political aspects in Indonesia.  

This article aims to examine the history of the founding of the Al-Waridin Islamic boarding school, which is one of the historical Islamic educational institutions. The tools used in this research are questionnaires and interview guidelines. The research method used is a qualitative approach because the data collected are the views and opinions of the individuals interviewed through their words. The results of the discussion show that the Al-Waridin cottage, founded by K. Waridin in 1763, has developed from a small mosque which became a center for Islamic education, to the establishment of a boarding school. Apart from that, Al-Waridin Islamic boarding school is able to adapt to changing times, facing various challenges so that it remains relevant in the modern era.