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The knowledge of medicine and treatment, also known as Jamu, is one of the most important areas of Traditional Knowledge. It is widespread among indigenous peoples and local communities, and is an integral part of the communal rights held by indigenous peoples. Almost all indigenous peoples have developed knowledge about plants for various purposes, especially for medicine. The use of biodiversity as an ingredient in medicinal herbs has been a common practice in Indonesia for centuries. The question that arises is whether the knowledge of Jamu has received adequate protection from the government againts the rights of indigenous peoples related to Traditional Knowledge. This is the focus of the author attention in this discussion. This research discusses the regulation of communal intellectual property in the legal framework used to protect the knowledge of traditional herbal medicine, and how the effectiveness of legal protection of communal intellectual property on traditional herbal medicine knowledge. The purposes of this study is to determine the legal protection of traditional knowledge and analyze the positive legal regulations. This research method used by researchers is the normative juridical approach method. The results of the research conducted by the author in this thesis can be concluded that Traditional Protection on Jamu needs to be protected in accordance with the concept of protection of Philipus M. Hadjon, namely by means of preventive protection and repressive protection.

Dementia or senility is an aging process so it is considered a normal thing and if dementia is not prevented or treated it will have an impact such as a decrease in cognitive function. Cognitive function is mental and intellectual abilities and memory. Cognitive function ability was measured using the MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) questionnaire which consisted of 11 questions. Efforts to improve cognitive function one of them with classical music therapy. This case study aims to describe the application of classical music therapy to improve cognitive function in the elderly at the Sekaran Health Center in Semarang. This case study uses a type of case study with a descriptive approach. The subjects of this case study used 2 people with inclusion criteria: age between 60-74 years, able to communicate well, elderly with mild dementia (MMSE score 24-30) and moderate (probable) MMSE score 17-23, elderly who are cooperative and can read and write, the elderly who are not hearing impaired. This case study was conducted 4 meetings over 2 weeks. The results of this case study showed an increase in cognitive function felt by both subjects. Subject I from a score of 22 (probable cognitive disorder) to 28 (normal). Subject II from a score of 19 (probable cognitive disorder) to 25 (normal). Classical music therapy in conclusion can improve the cognitive function of elderly people with dementia and is recommended as an effective therapy application in improving cognitive function.

The foundation of education is a universal human aspiration; therefore, in addressing educational issues, complex solutions with philosophical foundations are necessary to ensure that the resulting solutions benefit all segments of society. One of the figures with strong philosophical views on education is Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Ki Hadjar Dewantara, a nobleman from the Yogyakarta Sultanate, firmly held a high concern for the development of education. The philosophical views put forward by Ki Hadjar Dewantara have become the basis for educational development in Indonesia. Ki Hadjar Dewantara expressed that the essence of education is an effort to internalize cultural values ​​into the souls of children with the aim of shaping them into complete human beings, both spiritually and mentally. This educational philosophy is known as the "Sistem Among," which emphasizes the basic ability of children to overcome the problems they face by providing them with broad freedom of thought. Ki Hadjar Dewantara formulated his philosophy by applying indigenous Indonesian culture, selectively adopting Western values ​​to fit the trikonic theory, and then adapting them wisely. Ki Hadjar Dewantara also made several contributions to Indonesian education, including the implementation of the leadership trilogy in education, the three educational centers, and the paguron system. Education is an effort to develop the human potential of learners, both physically, intellectually, emotionally, and morally, so that this potential can be realized and beneficial to their lives.

The foundation of education is a universal human aspiration; therefore, in addressing educational issues, complex solutions with philosophical foundations are necessary to ensure that the resulting solutions benefit all segments of society. One of the figures with strong philosophical views on education is Ki Hadjar Dewantara. Ki Hadjar Dewantara, a nobleman from the Yogyakarta Sultanate, firmly held a high concern for the development of education. The philosophical views put forward by Ki Hadjar Dewantara have become the basis for educational development in Indonesia. Ki Hadjar Dewantara expressed that the essence of education is an effort to internalize cultural values ​​into the souls of children with the aim of shaping them into complete human beings, both spiritually and mentally. This educational philosophy is known as the "Sistem Among," which emphasizes the basic ability of children to overcome the problems they face by providing them with broad freedom of thought. Ki Hadjar Dewantara formulated his philosophy by applying indigenous Indonesian culture, selectively adopting Western values ​​to fit the trikonic theory, and then adapting them wisely. Ki Hadjar Dewantara also made several contributions to Indonesian education, including the implementation of the leadership trilogy in education, the three educational centers, and the paguron system. Education is an effort to develop the human potential of learners, both physically, intellectually, emotionally, and morally, so that this potential can be realized and beneficial to their lives.

Vocabulary learning is the initial learning so that children have the ability to read and speak. However, there are some children who have barriers to developing their language skills, one of which is children with disabilities. The obstacle is caused by their low intelligence so that it is difficult to understand and record information related to language, both understanding vocabulary and the ability to pronounce it as well as limited media that support the learning process. Therefore, a more effective way of improving language skills for children with disabilities is needed so that they do not fall behind other children. This research aims to find effective learning methods in developing language skills in children with disabilities. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) research method by reviewing and identifying previous research related to language development in children with disabilities, various supportive learning methods were found such as music therapy, anagram games, role play methods, picture crosswords, visuomotor learning methods, storytelling, and card media.

Vocabulary learning is the initial learning so that children have the ability to read and speak. However, there are some children who have barriers to developing their language skills, one of which is children with disabilities. The obstacle is caused by their low intelligence so that it is difficult to understand and record information related to language, both understanding vocabulary and the ability to pronounce it as well as limited media that support the learning process. Therefore, a more effective way of improving language skills for children with disabilities is needed so that they do not fall behind other children. This research aims to find effective learning methods in developing language skills in children with disabilities. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) research method by reviewing and identifying previous research related to language development in children with disabilities, various supportive learning methods were found such as music therapy, anagram games, role play methods, picture crosswords, visuomotor learning methods, storytelling, and card media.

Down syndrome is one of the children with special needs, where the child has an intellectual level that is low or below average. This study aims to find out, provide an overview, and explain about the forms of social interaction carried out by a child with special needs with Down syndrome with teachers and friends in school. This is done in order to provide a true view and picture of the social behavior that appears from children with Down syndrome, where it has not been widely known by educators and the public. This research is a qualitative research with case study method, this research uses purposive sampling technique. This study uses one subject with certain characteristics. Data collection techniques used are: non-participant observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis techniques include: (1) data reduction (2) data presentation, and (3) conclusion drawing. The results of data collection conducted from March 2024, found that there are four forms of behavior that appear classified in social behavior and forms of behavior classified as asocial behavior. The intended social behaviors are friendly behavior, sympathetic behavior, cooperative behavior, and competitive behavior. Existing asocial behaviors consist of resistance behavior and attack behavior.    

This research intends to analyze the emotional intellect and ability of Islamic education teachers at SD Negara 191 Kotanopan and to analyze the ability of Islamic education teachers at SD Negara 191 Kotanopan. This research uses descriptive research type. There are also methods of collecting information using observation, question and answer and selection. The result of this research is that the emotional intellect of Islamic education teachers in SD Negara 191 Kotanopan is not good. This is evidenced by the teacher's lack of coolness in dealing with students, the teacher does not often share encouragement with students, and in telling students to pick up dirt the teacher does not prove exemplary in the form of participating and picking up dirt. The ability of Islamic religious education (PAI) teachers at SD Negara 191 Kotanopan is not good. This is evidenced by teachers who arrive at school late, teachers after sharing learning go to eat and do not monitor teaching participants in the learning method, teachers who do not monitor teaching participants when cleaning, teachers only use preaching procedures with constant methods and lack of passion for exploring learning methods, teachers who do not organize category space during the learning method.

This research is motivated by the fact that teacherss must have competence in mastering the characteristics of student. Competence can also be interpreted as ability, in this case teachers must also have their own abilities, which are useful for achieving the hopes we aspire to in implementing education in general and the teaching and learning process in particular. In order for a teacher to have the ability, he needs to develop himself well because the theacher’s function is to develop, develop students abilities professionally and master the characteristics of students, The result of this research show that the factors that cause teachers to not master the characteristics of students consist of several factors, including moral-emotional, sociol-cultural, physical, intellectual and moral factors. The teacher has mastered the characteristics of student in terms of moral- emotional factors well but is not optimal because when the teacher explains the learning material there are some students who do not pat attention to the teacher in explaining  the learning material. To achieve good moral-emotional character for students, teachers try to increase self-awareness related to their own moral and emotional values.

This research aims to determine the influence of emotional intelligence, intellectual intelligence and spiritual intelligence on auditor performance. The purpose of writing this article is to build a hypothesis of the influence between variables to be used in further research. The results of this literature review article are: 1) Emotional intelligence has a significant positive effect on auditor performance; 2) Intellectual intelligence has a significant positive effect on auditor performance; and 3) Spiritual intelligence has a significant positive effect on auditor performance. This shows that as emotional intelligence, intellectual intelligence and spiritual intelligence increase, the auditor's performance will also increase.

The relationship between philosophy and Christianity is a complex subject that has been the focus of debate for centuries. Essentially, both philosophy and religion play important roles in shaping human thought and worldview. However, there are various views and approaches to the relationship between them. On one hand, there is a traditional view among some Christians who see philosophy as something potentially dubious or even threatening to faith. They may argue that Christianity is the primary source of truth, and therefore, efforts to understand reality through the lens of philosophy may lead to deviations from religious teachings. On the other hand, philosophers often question the compatibility between philosophical intellectualism and religious belief. They may emphasize the importance of using reason and rational methods to achieve a deeper understanding of the world and truth, which may not always align with religious dogmas.History records attempts to reconcile philosophy and Christianity. Some figures such as Justin Martyr and Clement of Alexandria sought to integrate ideas from classical Greek philosophy into the framework of Christian thought. They viewed philosophy as a useful tool for defending and explaining the truth of the Christian faith to skeptics or critical thinkers. However, not all Christians embraced this approach warmly. Some believe that such efforts could cause confusion or even undermine the authenticity of Christian teachings. This could lead to conflict between those who adhere to the traditional approach and those who are more open to dialogue between philosophy and religion. Nevertheless, the debate between philosophy and Christianity continues to this day. Despite tensions between them, this interaction has also enriched our understanding of both fields. Through continuous dialogue and reflection, we can gain deeper insights into the origins, meanings, and relevance of Christian teachings in the context of the modern world.    

This article explores the reframing of holistic education by integrating spirituality and ethics as core components to achieve transformative impact. The study highlights the limitations of conventional education systems that prioritize cognitive development while neglecting moral and spiritual dimensions. The objective is to propose a more comprehensive educational paradigm that nurtures learners as whole individuals—intellectually, emotionally, morally, and spiritually. Using qualitative literature analysis, this study identifies the role of spiritual and ethical integration in shaping character, enhancing empathy, and fostering social responsibility. The findings suggest that embedding these values within curriculum design and instructional practices contributes to meaningful personal development and community transformation. By addressing the growing need for a more inclusive approach to education, the article emphasizes how integrating spirituality and ethics can bridge gaps in traditional educational models. The research underscores the importance of fostering emotional and moral intelligence alongside intellectual growth, particularly in a world where global challenges require not only intellectual problem-solving but also ethical decision-making and empathy. The implications emphasize the need for inclusive and humanistic approaches in education, encouraging educators to act as facilitators of life values and agents of change. Through the integration of spirituality and ethics, education can help shape a new generation of compassionate leaders and engaged citizens. By reimagining holistic education through this lens, the article offers a framework that aligns academic achievement with ethical consciousness and spiritual growth, ultimately fostering a more just and compassionate society. This transformative approach offers a comprehensive model for educators and policymakers aiming to prepare students not only for professional success but also for meaningful lives rooted in integrity and responsibility.

This article discusses holistic education in Catholic schools as a means of forming Christian character. Holistic education integrates spiritual, moral, intellectual, and social dimensions to build a whole person according to the values ​​of the Gospel. Case studies in several Catholic schools show that holistic education encourages students to actively participate in church and community life. This article also discusses challenges in its implementation, such as differences in student backgrounds, and strategies to overcome them.

The pre-mass catechesis is a continuation of the apostolic tradition practiced by the Apostles. Pre-mass catechesis today has a wider understanding than ever before. This is not limited to brief teachings about the Catholic faith but also seeks to prepare Catholics spiritually, intellectually, and personally so that Catholics can attend mass more meaningfully and actively participate. The author uses data collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews. Some of the important roles of pre-mass cateteche are preparing people, deepening understanding of faith, building a strong and effective Christian community. In carrying out pre-mass catechesis does not take a long time, usually 5 to 10 minutes. Pre-Mass catechesis is a form of religious teaching that aims to prepare Catholics spiritually so that they can celebrate the Eucharist with deep understanding, active involvement, and passion. Pre-Mass catechesis is not only the delivery of information, but also the formation of the hearts of Catholics to receive Jesus Christ in the celebration of the Eucharist.

The purpose of this study was to examine the significant effects across genders of the use of the Somatic Auditory Visual Intellectual (SAVI) on the writing of students in SMA Negeri 1 Payakumbuh District. The sample was two classes of 52 students, an experimental class XI IPS 2 taught using SAVI and a control class XI IPS 4 taught by a conventional model (Teacher Center). Each class consisted of two groups based on gender (male and female). The data were then analyzed using the ANOVA test. Before running the ANOVA test, we performed assumption tests, i.e., normality and homogeneity tests. Here are the results of this study:(1) SAVI is more effective than traditional models. (2) Female students have better writing skills than male students. (3) There is a correlation between teaching methods and students using SAVI in writing instruction. English teachers are therefore encouraged to use SAVI in writing classes. This method positively contributes to improving the student’s writing skills. 

The purpose of this study was to examine the significant effects across genders of the use of the Somatic Auditory Visual Intellectual (SAVI) on the writing of students in SMA Negeri 1 Payakumbuh District. The sample was two classes of 52 students, an experimental class XI IPS 2 taught using SAVI and a control class XI IPS 4 taught by a conventional model (Teacher Center). Each class consisted of two groups based on gender (male and female). The data were then analyzed using the ANOVA test. Before running the ANOVA test, we performed assumption tests, i.e., normality and homogeneity tests. Here are the results of this study:(1) SAVI is more effective than traditional models. (2) Female students have better writing skills than male students. (3) There is a correlation between teaching methods and students using SAVI in writing instruction. English teachers are therefore encouraged to use SAVI in writing classes. This method positively contributes to improving the student’s writing skills. 

In a Biblical perspective, human nature is understood as a creature created by God that is unique and different from other creations of God. Humans are unique in intellectual, social, physical and spiritual terms, which contain responsibilities towards themselves, others, nature andto God.Humans consist of body, soul and spirit, each of which has an important role in human life. .the body reveals the human person in its entirety from an outward aspect, while the soul or life reveals the whole person from an inner aspect, as a creature that breathes, wills, thinks, and so on. The spirit is the aspect of human life with an inner mind too, which can receive andexpress spiritual observations.

The Koran has explained how important education is which is very influential in the lives of shaping the character of students to become Muslims with noble morals, especially in the field of developing religious education which is used as a basis for learning both in terms of formal, informal and non-formal institutions which have a very important role in it. The aim of this research is to reveal the important position of students in the view of the Qur'an. The method used in this research is a literature study research method, the data source is analyzed interactively using a literature review based on the latest references. The results of the research in this discussion show that based on the presentation of the verses of the Koran, forms of classification regarding students have been explained and of course they have given meaning to the most important subjects and objects in education, namely students, where they are always prioritized to gain an understanding of learning and formation. character, this cannot be separated from the role of an educator who always directs students to become human beings who are not only intellectual in general knowledge but also intelligent in developing their morals.  

Poetry is one of the most interesting forms of literary work but is full of meaning. Poetry is a medium for conveying feelings and ideas with beautiful words. Poetry as a meaningful aesthetic work is also a recording and interpretation of human experience composed in the most memorable form. Poetry can make us laugh, cry, smile, think, reflect, be moved and even get emotional and angry. Until now, poetry can be an illustration of the cultural progress of society. How the writer of the poem views his world is a real picture of the culture that surrounds him. Because the progress of society from time to time always increases, bringing changes in the style, nature and form of poetry. Poetry changes following developments in taste, ever-changing aesthetic concepts, and intellectual progress. The aim of the research is stated in a sentence that explores or deepens the inner structure of poetry. The inner structure intended is: theme, tone, feeling and message. The method used in this research is descriptive analytical method. This method also attempts to describe facts logically. Through this method, the researcher tries to analyze the inner structure of Joko Pinurbo's poem entitled "Happy Birthday, Book", while the analysis of this poem is described in his own words and language.

Poetry is one of the most interesting forms of literary work but is full of meaning. Poetry is a medium for conveying feelings and ideas with beautiful words. Poetry as a meaningful aesthetic work is also a recording and interpretation of human experience composed in the most memorable form. Poetry can make us laugh, cry, smile, think, reflect, be moved and even get emotional and angry. Until now, poetry can be an illustration of the cultural progress of society. How the writer of the poem views his world is a real picture of the culture that surrounds him. Because the progress of society from time to time always increases, bringing changes in the style, nature and form of poetry. Poetry changes following developments in taste, ever-changing aesthetic concepts, and intellectual progress. The aim of the research is stated in a sentence that explores or deepens the inner structure of poetry. The inner structure intended is: theme, tone, feeling and message. The method used in this research is descriptive analytical method. This method also attempts to describe facts logically. Through this method, the researcher tries to analyze the inner structure of Joko Pinurbo's poem entitled "Happy Birthday, Book", while the analysis of this poem is described in his own words and language.