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Verbal abuse is a form of social violence that frequently occurs at home and in schools. This type of abuse includes mocking, insults, or degrading words often directed at children. This study aims to understand how verbal abuse impacts children’s mental development and self-confidence. By reviewing various related studies, the findings show that children who frequently experience verbal abuse tend to face mental health issues, such as low self-esteem, anxiety, and even depression. Additionally, they often lack self-confidence, which can affect their ability to interact with others and cope with life’s challenges. In conclusion, verbal abuse has a serious impact on children’s mental development and self-confidence, highlighting the need for preventive measures and support from family and community to create a safe environment that positively supports children’s growth and well-being.

An early childhood child is an individual who actively interacts with individuals around them. From these direct interactions, children learn social norms and ethics that shape and develop their character. This study focused on the process of early childhood learning from the environment in developing their character from Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems theory framework. Eleven interviewees participated in this qualitative research. The findings revealed that at the mesosytem level, a learning environment in the community that is safe and supportive of children's growth and development will develop children's positive character. These results corroborated that positive interactions within the environmental layers in Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory will contribute positively to children's development. Parents and RuPin Coordinators unanimously stated that education contributes positively to children's growth and development. Even the smallest knowledge gained by children will affect their mindset and behavior, so a commitment to providing a safe and positively stimulating learning environment is important. From the perspective of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, an adequate learning environment for young children should involve positive interactions between various environmental systems: family, school, peers and community.  

This study aims to describe the Function of Mamözi Göndra Marriage Party in the Nias Bukit Gado Gado Community, Padang City by using a qualitative research method with a descriptive analysis approach. Stationery and camera supporting instruments. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of literature study, observation, interviews and documentation. The steps to analyze data are collecting data in the field, identifying data, clarifying data based on its type, and describing data. The object of this research is the Art of the Nias Community and this research shows how the Function of Mamözi Göndra in the Nias Community of Bukit Gado Gado which is displayed in the wedding party event. The results of the research on the function of Mamὃzi Gὃndra in the wedding party found that in terms of artistic form, Mamözi Göndra accompanies the Nias traditional dance offerings, entertainment and ceremonies which use Göndra, Faritia and Aramba as musical instruments and the lyrics used during the Maena Dance entitled Maena Ni Sikhi. Mamözi Göndra flourished at the Mendrofa Padang Big Family Ikatan Studio with the artist Yamohana Onelius Mendrofa. The Mendrofa Padang Big Family Association Studio is one of the studios in the Bukit Gado Gado area. Mamözi Göndra became the culture of the Nias people in Bukit Gado Gado.

We sought to investigate how families in Jorong Balai Panjang Nagari Saniang Baka, X Koto Singkarak District, Solok Regency, teach moral principles to their children. The author is interested in studying the role of parents in developing morals in children in the family environment at Jorong Balai Panjang Nagari Saniang Baka because they want to know about the younger generation who reflect superior ethics (morals). This research highlights several aspects of the depth of information collected from interviews and uses qualitative methods supported by field observation techniques. In District The leader or head of the jorong and friends act as informants to support the research. According to research, parents have a significant influence on the development of their children's moral principles (morals). This research highlights the important role of parents in shaping children's moral character in the family context. Parents play a number of roles, including modeling appropriate language and accent when speaking to their children, influencing their behavior and relationships, being role models and motivators, and teaching their children about religion. If these roles are fulfilled, it is likely that the offspring will have good morals. There are many things that are difficult for parents to regulate regarding children's behavior, such as contact with people outside the household, cell phone use, and the games they play. All of these obstacles lie within the child himself. If the child is willing to change and is willing to listen to the words of advice from his parents then these obstacles can be overcome.

One of the most important aspects of formal and informal education in educational institutions is character education. Two types of character that should be formed are discipline and responsibility. Possession of discipline and responsibility are highly valued qualities, as character plays an important role in one's daily social interactions. Helping, grouping, and socializing are all included in it. Character development throughout human life as a whole is closely linked to the process of learning and self-formation. Character development can be achieved in the context of family, school, and the environment, which includes communities and groups. The objectives of this study are to (1) describe the teacher's approach in teaching social studies class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri that instills the character values of discipline and responsibility. (2) Determine what motivates and what hinders educators to foster the character values of discipline and responsibility in their students through social studies learning in class VIII A of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. (3) To find out the results of social studies learning techniques used to build character values of discipline and responsibility in students of class VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study. In collecting data, the methods used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The Miles and Huberman approach was used in the design of this research, which used descriptive analysis techniques through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Triangulation of data sources was used in assessing the validity of the data. The teachers and students of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri became the research subjects. Based on the data analysis, the following conclusions were obtained: 1) Motivation and exemplary teachers, active involvement of students in learning, self-habituation, and sanctioning violations are strategies used by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri, 2) Strong motivation, family support, school regulations, and the environment are the driving factors faced by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri in instilling the character values of discipline and responsibility to students. Meanwhile, the unsupportive atmosphere and students' lack of willingness to learn make them less effective learners are the inhibiting factors. In this case, the teacher's duties have been carried out in accordance with their responsibilities as educators, motivators, mentors, and assessors. 3) The results of the social studies teacher's strategy in the implementation of cultivating the character of discipline and responsibility for students in grade VIII through motivating activities, students become enthusiastic in discipline and responsibility for the mandate carried out, namely as students. Through exemplary, students have successfully applied and instilled forms of discipline and responsibility in terms of dress, time, and duties through their active participation in classroom learning. This is indicated by students' active participation in discussions, students' activeness in completing and collecting assignments given by the teacher, students' enthusiasm for learning that is always high, self-habituation that has been applied by social studies teachers, the ability of social studies teachers to train students to be more disciplined and responsible in terms of worship, students' habits to help others and parents, and the appearance of disciplined and responsible students, by making efforts to impose sanctions on students who commit violations so that they do not repeat them again and encourage them to be more aware of their obligations as students.

One of the most important aspects of formal and informal education in educational institutions is character education. Two types of character that should be formed are discipline and responsibility. Possession of discipline and responsibility are highly valued qualities, as character plays an important role in one's daily social interactions. Helping, grouping, and socializing are all included in it. Character development throughout human life as a whole is closely linked to the process of learning and self-formation. Character development can be achieved in the context of family, school, and the environment, which includes communities and groups. The objectives of this study are to (1) describe the teacher's approach in teaching social studies class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri that instills the character values of discipline and responsibility. (2) Determine what motivates and what hinders educators to foster the character values of discipline and responsibility in their students through social studies learning in class VIII A of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. (3) To find out the results of social studies learning techniques used to build character values of discipline and responsibility in students of class VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study. In collecting data, the methods used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The Miles and Huberman approach was used in the design of this research, which used descriptive analysis techniques through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Triangulation of data sources was used in assessing the validity of the data. The teachers and students of SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri became the research subjects. Based on the data analysis, the following conclusions were obtained: 1) Motivation and exemplary teachers, active involvement of students in learning, self-habituation, and sanctioning violations are strategies used by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri, 2) Strong motivation, family support, school regulations, and the environment are the driving factors faced by social studies teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Kunjang Kediri in instilling the character values of discipline and responsibility to students. Meanwhile, the unsupportive atmosphere and students' lack of willingness to learn make them less effective learners are the inhibiting factors. In this case, the teacher's duties have been carried out in accordance with their responsibilities as educators, motivators, mentors, and assessors. 3) The results of the social studies teacher's strategy in the implementation of cultivating the character of discipline and responsibility for students in grade VIII through motivating activities, students become enthusiastic in discipline and responsibility for the mandate carried out, namely as students. Through exemplary, students have successfully applied and instilled forms of discipline and responsibility in terms of dress, time, and duties through their active participation in classroom learning. This is indicated by students' active participation in discussions, students' activeness in completing and collecting assignments given by the teacher, students' enthusiasm for learning that is always high, self-habituation that has been applied by social studies teachers, the ability of social studies teachers to train students to be more disciplined and responsible in terms of worship, students' habits to help others and parents, and the appearance of disciplined and responsible students, by making efforts to impose sanctions on students who commit violations so that they do not repeat them again and encourage them to be more aware of their obligations as students.

This community service activity focuses on the "Optimization of the Roles of Family, School, and Community in Strengthening Character Education Based on Local Wisdom for Students of STAI Jam'iyah Mahmudiyah Langka." The activity aims to raise awareness and understanding of the importance of collaboration among families, schools, and the community in character education rooted in local wisdom. Through a series of discussion forums, workshops, and community service programs, all parties are encouraged to actively instill local wisdom values in students. The results of this activity indicate an increase in parental participation, the strengthening of relevant curricula in schools, and the involvement of students in local cultural activities. Furthermore, this initiative successfully created a strong synergy among various community elements, supporting the emergence of a generation of students who are not only knowledgeable but also possess strong character grounded in local culture. Thus, this service is expected to make a significant contribution to the development of character education within the STAI Jam'iyah Mahmudiyah Langka environment

Older people sometimes become a new problem for a family or government. These problems are the unavailability of access to health care, the lack of old age insurance, and the social support from the family to care for them. The aging process certainly has an impact on all aspects of life, especially health because with increasing age, the function of the body's organs will decrease both due to scientific factors or disease. The decreased function of the body's organs makes the elderly limited in carrying out activities because of the limited energy they have. Through the design of the Nursing Home with the Biophilic Architecture approach, it can help the elderly from feeling lonely and so that their illness does not get worse and it is hoped that they can recover and continue to carry out more productive activities. So this design can be a social space for the elderly who are able to respond to the conditions and activities of the elderly.

This writing aims to determine efforts to prevent feelings of loneliness and fear of death in the elderly. Elderly people are more likely than young people to feel lonely and afraid of death. The elderly are closely related to the relationship between parents and their children (family). This relationship begins in the womb, continues with the birth process and takes care of the child.The method used in writing this journal is a qualitative descriptive method with a literature study and literature review approach. The steps taken when writing this topic include researching and reading various references such as books, magazines and online news portals related to this topic. Next, the author will explain and explain comprehensively. Then, the author draws conclusions and explains from the perspective of Christian ethics.The research results show that elderly people have various problems, resulting in different efforts or steps in each aspect of problems in life. Elderly people must try to remain active in their daily activities (for example: worship, social gathering, elderly exercise, hobbies), prepare health costs, arrange visits and recreation schedules with children and grandchildren, and receive support and love from family, neighbors and more relatives. easily prevent feelings of loneliness and fear of death.

This study examines the dynamics of Christian families in navigating modern lifestyles, focusing on the congregation of GKII Efata Bonet Engkabang. Modernity characterized by digitalization, high mobility, economic pressure, and shifting social values has significantly influenced family communication patterns, emotional relationships, and spiritual formation within Christian households. The purpose of this study is to describe the changes experienced by congregational families in the context of modernity and to analyze the role of pastoral counseling as a relevant form of support for family well-being. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method, collecting data through in-depth interviews, limited observations, and a review of church documents. The findings indicate that Christian families face challenges such as declining communication quality, reduced family time, the pervasive influence of gadgets on daily interactions, and weakened spiritual disciplines. Furthermore, shifting parenting patterns and increasing psychological pressure also affect family stability. Within this context, pastoral counseling in GKII Efata Bonet Engkabang plays an essential role in providing spiritual, emotional, and practical guidance through empathetic, relational, and faith-based approaches. Pastoral care has proven effective in helping families realign life priorities, strengthen communication, and cultivate sustainable spiritual practices. The implications of this study highlight the urgency of enhancing structured family support programs in the church, improving pastoral leaders’ capacity as counselors, and encouraging families to develop healthy digital discipline to maintain relational and spiritual quality amid the demands of modern life.

Background: Anxiety is frequently experienced by family members of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), largely due to uncertainty regarding the patient’s condition and dependence on specialized treatment. Nurses’ caring behavior is often regarded as an essential component of supportive care that may help reduce this anxiety. This study examines the association between nurses’ caring behavior and the anxiety levels of patients’ families in the ICU setting. Methods: A non-experimental research used cross sectional design was employed using purposive sampling. The study involved 30 family members of ICU patients. Data were collected using a validated caring behavior questionnaire and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). The Spearman rank correlation test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The findings showed a p-value of 0.505 (> 0.05), indicating that nurses’ caring behavior was not significantly associated with the anxiety levels of family members. Conclusion: Nurses’ caring behavior did not demonstrate a significant impact on family anxiety in the ICU. Nevertheless, caring practices remain an essential component of holistic nursing care, and their consistent implementation is recommended to support families during critical illness.                                                                   

Early marriage conducted through siri (unregistered religious marriage) remains a complex social phenomenon in Indonesia, often influenced by emotional ties, religious beliefs, and family expectations. This study explores the intersection between love, faith, and family in shaping decisions surrounding early siri marriage and religious conversion. Through a qualitative approach, the research examines how young individuals navigate personal relationships while facing moral, spiritual, and cultural pressures. The findings reveal that early siri marriage is frequently chosen as a solution to preserve family honor or legitimize romantic relationships, yet it also creates legal and psychological vulnerabilities, especially for young women. Furthermore, the decision to convert religions is shown to be deeply connected to marital commitments and familial influence, reflecting the struggle between personal conviction and social acceptance. This study highlights the need for broader legal protection, education, and social support systems to address the long-term impacts of unregistered early marriage and religious transition. Ultimately, the research emphasizes that decisions regarding marriage and faith are rarely individual choices alone, but rather shaped by powerful emotional and familial dynamics.

Family well-being is very important for the lives of individuals and communities. A happy and The problem with learning German grammar at the A2 level is that many students still struggle to understand sentence structure, especially when using the perfect tense, subordinate clauses with "weil," and the genitive case. Students often find it challenging to remember grammar rules and how to apply them in sentences. The aim of this study is to develop interactive learning media in the form of Kodular-based applications to address these issues and support learning German grammar at the A2 level. The app is designed with relevant grammar materials and uses the 4D model development method (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), which reaches only the development stage without dissemination. The app was created on the visual platform Kodular, which enables users to develop Android apps without programming knowledge. The results show that the app is an effective learning medium, with a validation score of 90 (excellent) for the material content and 92.5 (excellent) for the media aspects. With a file size of 5.08 MB, this application enables users to learn German grammar independently anytime and anywhere.

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women is a major nutritional challenge in Indonesia, including in Bukittinggi. Despite proper health service utilization, the burden of CED is relatively high and has a non-economic component that includes cultural and family social support.  The influence of the husband on the nutritional status of pregnant women is frequently overlooked by prevention and control strategies. This study sought to investigate husbands' thoughts and roles in the prevention of  CED  in pregnant women in  Bukittinggi.  The present study employed a qualitative phenomenological research design including 15 husbands of pregnant women (experienced and non-experienced  CED)  and  5–7  triangulation informants  (pregnant women and health workers).  Semi-structured interviews and non-participatory observations provided the data, while  NVivo  12  was employed for thematic analysis. Source triangulation and member checking validate the data. The results indicate that the majority of husbands do not understand CED scientifically and view their support solely as financial assistance. Although emotional and informational motivations can affect positive nutritional behaviors, they are still regarded as weaknesses. Among the external barriers are costs, long hours of work, and a patriarchal culture that severely restricts husbands' ability to be involved in their wives' nutritional problems. However, some informants have indicated a value shift that prioritizes emotional involvement over intellectual focus.  The  intervention strategies for future implementation should be family-based with a primary focus on couples' nutrition education, emotional  strengthening,  and  the  inclusion  of  males  in  maternal  health  programs  (e.g.,  paternity-readiness sessions  

Bullying is a form of violence carried out individually or in groups by peers against someone who is physically weak or infirm with the aim of harming others and obtaining certain benefits or satisfaction. In Indonesia, data from the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) shows that there were 369 complaints related to bullying between 2011 and 2014, with 25% of all complaints, or 1,480, coming from the education sector. Parenting patterns prevent actively and significantly engaging in bullying behavior while acting. The aim of this activity is to increase students' knowledge regarding preventing bullying with positive parenting. The results obtained from these four categories were 326 points. The findings from this activity were that all participants participated in the activity well and were able to answer the questions given. Positive parenting patterns carried out by parents will influence adolescent behavior. Family and social support play an important role in influencing bullying

The reproductive health problem of couples of childbearing age remains a significant challenge in Indonesian public health, with interventions that tend to be fragmented and less systematic. This study aims to develop and evaluate a comprehensive reproductive health prevention model based on the WHO Stepwise approach for couples of childbearing age in Makassar City, South Sulawesi. The research design used mixed methods sequential exploratory, starting with a qualitative method through focus group discussion and in-depth interviews with 48 participants to explore contextual factors, then continued with a quasi-experimental design on 320 couples in the intervention and control groups. WHO's Stepwise approach includes three phases: assessment, development, and implementation & evaluation. The thematic analysis identified seven major barriers and five supporting factors in reproductive health. The developed model integrates five components: comprehensive education, youth-friendly services, peer education empowerment, family and community engagement, and policy advocacy. Quasi-experimental results showed significant improvements in knowledge (67.3%), positive attitudes (54.8%), and safe reproductive health practices (43.6%) in the intervention group compared to the control (pfeasibility of the WHO Stepwise-based model as a systematic, evidence-based, and multisectoral framework that can be replicated for sustainable reproductive health prevention programs).

This meta-analysis examined the relationship between social support and medication adherence among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients through a synthesis of 47 studies (N=12,356). The findings confirmed a significant positive correlation (r=0.42, p<0.001, 95% CI [0.38, 0.46]) with substantial heterogeneity (I²=84.0%). Contrary to Cohen et al.'s (2019) finding that informational support was the strongest predictor, our moderator analyses revealed emotional support as the most robust predictor (β=0.39, p<0.001). Furthermore, this research demonstrated that the effects of social support on MS medication adherence were stronger among women (β=0.18, p=0.023) and patients with longer disease duration (β=0.24, p=0.009), extending Franqueiro et al.'s (2023) findings regarding gender differences in social support effectiveness. Family support showed the largest effect (r=0.48, p<0.001), followed by friends (r=0.40, p<0.001) and healthcare providers (r=0.35, p<0.001). Moreover, mediation modeling revealed a significant role of self-efficacy (indirect effect=0.21, 95% CI [0.17, 0.25]), expanding upon Bandura's (2018) model. Supporting Lavorgna et al.'s (2018) findings, our results confirmed that online social support proved equally effective as offline support (Q=1.87, p=0.171). These findings demonstrated robustness through sensitivity analyses and trim-and-fill procedures, confirming resilience against publication bias (adjusted r=0.39, 95% CI [0.35, 0.43]). The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive identification of key moderators and underlying mechanisms in the social support-medication adherence relationship and the first empirical testing of an integrated mediation model incorporating social support, self-efficacy, and medication adherence in the MS context.

The role of a father is crucial in a family for the emotional health of Generation Z children. However, the phenomenon occurring, particularly in the JKI Anugerah Allah church in Sidoarjo, has not been adequately controlled. The aim of this paper is to provide a deeper understanding of the importance of the quality of the father-child relationship and the significance of the church's involvement in supporting it. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach. In certain cases, during Sunday School services, some children, especially boys, still appear indifferent to the activities and show little respect for the Sunday School teachers. Therefore, it is essential for the church and family to collaborate in taking appropriate actions for the emotional well-being of children in the future.

Marriage dispensation is a civil case, namely granting permission to prospective brides and grooms who wish to marry but are prevented by age requirements according to the provisions of Law Number 16 of 2019. Marriage is a sacred thing to form a family. The Religious Court is the place where marriage dispensation cases are filed. Compelling reasons with supporting evidence must accompany the case application. This article is using normative research, and the Statue Approach and Case Approach research types. This research aims to analyze the decision of the Surabaya religious court number 2194/Pdt.P/2024/PA.Sby. This article covers the chronology of the trial, Judge considerations, and factors that influence the judges to rejector grant request for the marriage dispensation.

This study aimed to assess the impact of time management, academic stress, and locus of control , mediated by family support, on student procrastination in Semarang. This study employed a quantitative methodology via a survey conducted among the student population in Semarang, employing random sampling to get a sample size of 399 respondents. The data were evaluated using validity assessments, discriminant validity, reliability evaluations, and hypothesis testing via Smart-PLS version 4.0. The test results indicated that time management, academic stress, locus of control , and family support significantly influenced procrastination. However, time management and academic stress did not exert a mediated effect through family support on procrastination. Additionally, academic stress was mediated by support for procrastination, while locus of control , mediated by family support, significantly affected procrastination. According to the test results, it is advisable for students to focus on time management and locus of control to mitigate procrastination tendencies. Families and universities offer enhanced support for emotional well-being and self-healing to assist students in managing academic stress.