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This study aims to analyze the impact of clubbing on the learning performance of students in Bandung. This includes class attendance, active participation in discussions, and the ability to complete academic tasks. In addition, this study will also identify other factors that may influence the relationship between clubbing and learning performance, such as alcohol consumption patterns, stress levels, and social support. Clubbing, one of the most popular entertainment choices for students, is often the main choice to relieve stress and socialize. However, this phenomenon also raises questions about how it impacts students' learning performance and academic achievement. This study uses a qualitative approach. The primary data of the study came from interviews and participation in nightclubs with Bandung students. Secondary data consisted of journals, books, the internet, and others. Interviews, observations, and documentation were the data collection methods used in this study. The results of the study obtained It is seen that students who are active in clubbing tend to have lower attendance rates in class. Many of them admit to often being absent due to fatigue after late-night activities, which has a direct impact on the understanding of the material being taught and the potential for academic achievement.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of collaborative learning in enhancing business communication skills among management students. The research involved 60 undergraduate management students at STIE Ganesha, enrolled in Business Introduction and Business English courses. Conducted over four months (February–May 2025), the study employed a mixed-method approach, including quantitative and qualitative data collection. Data were gathered through questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and thematic coding were used to analyze the data. The results show that 78% of students gained greater confidence in presenting ideas, 65% improved their use of business terminology, and 70% became more active listeners. Regression analysis confirmed a significant influence of collaborative learning on communication skills (p < 0.05). Qualitative findings emphasized the importance of lecturers’ facilitation in managing group dynamics and addressing dominance issues among students. The study suggests that the integration of collaborative learning methods into the management curriculum is crucial for enhancing students' soft skills, preparing them for future professional challenges. Additionally, it advocates for the development of structured collaborative activities to promote effective teamwork, active engagement, and better communication outcomes in academic settings, ultimately contributing to students' overall personal and professional growth.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed fundamental vulnerabilities in global supply chain systems, such as over-reliance on single suppliers and a lack of operational visibility. This has highlighted the urgent need for a new approach to risk management—one that leverages smart technologies. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising solution, thanks to its capabilities in predictive analytics and adaptive, data-driven decision-making in real time. This study aims to develop an AI-based predictive system framework to enhance the resilience of global supply chains in the face of post-pandemic disruptions. Using the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, the research designs and evaluates a system that integrates algorithms such as LSTM, Random Forest, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Reinforcement Learning. It also applies a federated learning approach to ensure data privacy among supply chain partners. The study analyzes over 12,000 data entries from diverse sources, including IoT devices, weather data, demand trends, and social media. The system's effectiveness is evaluated through a combination of quantitative methods (PLS-SEM analysis on 103 respondents) and qualitative methods (interviews with 12 industry executives). The findings show that AI-driven predictive analytics significantly improve supply chain resilience (β = 0.67; p < 0.001), with demand forecasting accuracy increasing by up to 40% and delivery times reduced by 30%. Conceptually, the study contributes by designing a resilient model that integrates real-time visibility, adaptability, and cross-organizational collaborative learning. Unlike traditional approaches focused solely on automation, this framework offers a more holistic solution, addressing key gaps in the literature. The implication is clear: AI is becoming a strategic asset in building sustainable, resilient supply chains amid ongoing global uncertainty.

The use of foreign languages in the hospitality industry is very important considering the development of globalization and the increasing need for cross-country communication. This article aims to analyze the implementation of the use and assess the effectiveness of the use of foreign languages in the hospitality department of STIEPAR YAPARI Bandung so that challenges and obstacles in learning and application can be identified which will affect the skills and readiness of students in the Hospitality Industry. The research method used in this study is through a descriptive quantitative approach using a survey questionnaire to students majoring in Hospitality. The results showed that foreign languages have been integrated in the hospitality study program, the use of foreign languages is implemented through practice-based learning, hotel service simulations, and conversation habituation in foreign languages. However, challenges such as lack of student motivation and limited practice environment are still encountered. The implications of this study suggest the need to increase the intensity of language practice with more interactive teaching methods, as well as the provision of facilities that support foreign language learning, in order to improve students' language skills in the field of hospitality and prepare them to face the demands of the global hospitality industry.

The management of educational facilities and infrastructure is a process of organizing all facilities to ensure that the educational process in an educational institution can take place effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this study is to determine the management of facilities and infrastructure used to support the learning process in the Geography subject at SMAN 2 Tanjung Morawa. This research uses a qualitative approach. The population and sample in this study are the Head of Facilities and Infrastructure and the Geography teachers at SMAN 2 Tanjung Morawa. Data in this study were collected through interviews, documentation, and literature review. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that the management of facilities and infrastructure at SMAN 2 Tanjung Morawa is still suboptimal in terms of planning, procurement, utilization, management, and evaluation systems, resulting in the geography learning process at this high school still relying on lecture methods and manually visualizing geography lessons using a blackboard.

The main problem in this study is how the influence of picture word media in pursuing the ability of early pre-reading in group B children in Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten, Makassar City. This study aims to find out how the influence of picture word media in pursuing the ability of early pre-reading in group B children in Kindergarten Insan Cemerlang Makassar City. The type of research used was an experiment using a one group pretest-posttest research design. The sample used was 14 students of class B2 of Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten. The instrument used to collect the data was a pre-reading developmental check technique. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used was the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with the IBM SPSS 25 program. Based on the results of the study, it showed a significant influence on children's initial pre-reading ability after being treated in the form of picture word media. The average pre-test score is 5.5 while the average post-test score increases to 13. Based on the results of the analysis of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test data, the Asymp.sig (2-tailed) value of 0.01 indicates that the probability is below 0.05 (p<0.05). So Ho was rejected. Thus, the media of pictorial words has been proven to have a significant effect in overcoming the initial pre-reading ability of group B children at Insan Cemerlang Kindergarten in Makassar City. This research contributes to the development of effective learning methods to improve early pre-reading skills in early childhood

Early science education has a strategic role in forming critical and innovative thinking patterns in children as a provision to face challenges in the era of globalization and technological advancement. However, the implementation of the scientific approach at the early childhood education (PAUD) and elementary school levels still faces various obstacles, such as limited teacher knowledge, lack of contextual learning facilities, and teaching methods that tend to be one-way. In fact, childhood is a phase of cognitive development that is very potential to foster curiosity and scientific thinking skills. The low science literacy scores of Indonesian students in international studies indicate the need for intervention from an early age. Therefore, community service programs that aim to build a foundation for children's science from an early age are very important. This program includes teacher training, development of learning media, and exploratory activities based on simple experiments that are appropriate to the world of children. Through this approach, it is hoped that a young generation can be created who not only understand science conceptually, but also have the ability to think critically, creatively, and find solutions in facing problems in the future.

Pancasila education has a strategic role in instilling national values and overcoming moral decadence among Generation Z, especially in the digital era. This research aims to analyze the contribution of Pancasila education in shaping the character and morality of Generation Z, identify the challenges faced in its implementation, and explore the role of family, school, and community as supporters. With a qualitative descriptive approach, data was collected through literature studies, interviews, and observations. The results of the study show that Pancasila education can strengthen the attitude of nationalism, tolerance, and love for the homeland among Generation Z. However, its implementation faces obstacles in the form of a lack of innovative learning methods, the impact of globalization, and the negative influence of information technology. The family and community play an important role in instilling Pancasila values through democratic parenting and a supportive social environment. This study recommends reforming the Pancasila education curriculum to be more relevant to the digital era, the use of technology-based interactive teaching methods, and collaboration between schools, families, and the community. It is hoped that the results of this research can be a strategic guide to create Generation Z who are characterful, moral, and ready to face global challenges while maintaining national identity.  

This study explores how popular culture influences Generation Z's understanding of Christian values, a generation raised in the digital age with unlimited information access. Generation Z possesses unique traits, including strong technological skills, multitasking abilities, and quick reactions to social issues. However, they also tend to be individualistic, less independent, and have limited social skills. Popular culture, heavily influenced by mass media and digital trends, significantly shapes the identity and values of Generation Z. This culture often promotes individualism, materialism, and hedonism, which conflict with Christian values like love, humility, and service. Consequently, Generation Z may struggle to understand and apply Christian values in their lives. The study employs a literature review method to gather information from various sources regarding the impact of popular culture on Generation Z's grasp of Christian values. Findings suggest that popular culture can obscure their understanding of these values, leading them to prefer spectacular and emotional spiritual experiences over a deeper understanding of doctrine. Therefore, Christian Religious Education (PAK) plays a crucial role in assisting Generation Z in comprehending and embodying Christian values. PAK must adopt relevant and engaging strategies, utilizing digital media and interactive learning methods. Additionally, it should foster critical thinking skills, enabling Generation Z to differentiate between Christian values and those that conflict with them.

The phenomenon of living Qur'an in the digital era, emphasizing the use of Al-Qur'an and prayer applications during the month of Ramadan during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic situation has forced Muslims to switch to digital media as an alternative to carrying out worship due to limited access to physical places of worship. Using a qualitative approach and ethnographic methods, this study explores how digital applications of the Qur'an and prayers become a new medium in realizing Qur'anic values ​​in everyday life, as well as how users interpret the sacred text through digital platforms. The results of the study show that digital applications not only support personal worship practices but also form online communities that strengthen spiritual bonds amid social restrictions. However, digitalization also raises challenges, such as shifts in religious authority, interpretation of texts, and issues of religious ethics. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the transformation of religious practices in the digital era, as well as the need for a critical attitude in using technology so that Qur'anic values ​​are maintained and authentic. The COVID-19 outbreak has caused significant changes in various aspects of life, including the way Muslims carry out worship during the month of Ramadan. The implementation of health protocols and social restrictions limit congregational worship activities in mosques, encouraging Muslims to find other ways to maintain their worship routines and spiritual closeness. In this condition, mobile-based Quran and prayer applications are an effective and appropriate solution. These applications provide easy access to digital Qurans, interpretations, translations, readings from famous reciters, daily dhikr, special prayers, and additional features such as prayer reminders and Qibla direction indicators. More than just a means of worship, these applications also function as a medium for religious learning through short lectures, studies, and Islamic articles. However, users need to be aware of interference such as notifications from other applications and dependence on internet connections. It is important to remember that the role of these applications is as a complement, not a substitute for direct interaction with the mushaf or attendance at the assembly of knowledge if conditions permit. If used wisely and consciously, Quran and prayer applications can be a very meaningful spiritual support for Muslims during Ramadan in the midst of a pandemic situation.

The curriculum is an important component of education in Indonesia because it is a set of plans and regulations regarding the objectives, content, teaching materials, and methods used in learning that will cause the quality of education in a country to rise or fall through its community resources. Why does the curriculum always change? Because there is a need to adapt to the times, technology, and community demands. The establishment of the curriculum began in 1947 with the first curriculum in Indonesia, the 1947 Lesson Plan Curriculum, up to the Merdeka Curriculum. Although curriculum changes aim to improve the quality of education, their implementation often faces several obstacles.  The research method used by the researcher is a qualitative study through literature review of educational documents, books, and scientific articles related to the topic, enabling the researcher to obtain relevant and up-to-date information about the curriculum in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the development and changes in the national education curriculum in Indonesia from 1947 to the current Merdeka Curriculum.

This study aims to analyze the perceptions and readiness of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in implementing the deep learning concept in active learning. The method used is a qualitative approach through a literature review, where data were collected from various relevant sources such as scientific journals, books, and research articles discussing deep learning concepts, active learning, teacher readiness, and their implications in the context of PAI learning. The analysis was conducted descriptively and critically using content analysis techniques to identify key themes related to teachers’ perceptions, supporting and inhibiting factors of readiness, and the impact of implementing active learning based on deep learning. The findings show that PAI teachers generally have a positive perception of deep learning as an approach capable of deepening understanding and Islamic values meaningfully; however, their readiness to implement it varies and is influenced by competencies, training, technological infrastructure, and institutional policy support. The implications of applying this concept include a shift in teachers’ roles to facilitators, development of interactive and reflective learning designs, and authentic and holistic evaluation methods while considering cultural sensitivity and contextual integration of Islamic values. This study recommends strengthening teacher capacity through continuous training, enhancing technological facilities, and policy synergy to realize transformative, critical, and character-oriented PAI learning in the digital era.

The digital era requires the world of education to adapt to learning innovations that can increase student participation and enthusiasm, especially at the elementary school level. This research was motivated by students' low interest in learning which was influenced by conventional learning methods that were less interactive. The aim of this research is to examine the effectiveness of creative learning strategies through collaboration between gamification and inquiry methods in increasing student enthusiasm for learning. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method carried out in one elementary school in Indonesia. Data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation, then analyzed descriptively. The research results show that the integration of gamification with inquiry methods can significantly increase students' active involvement, curiosity and enthusiasm for learning in the learning process. The use of game elements combined with independent exploration is proven to create a fun and challenging learning atmosphere. The implications of these findings show the importance of implementing innovative and contextual learning strategies to support student learning processes in the digital era. This strategy is recommended as an alternative learning method that is relevant to be widely implemented in elementary schools.

This study aims to examine the application of varied learning methods in Pancasila Education subjects in grade 1 of SD Negeri Cipaku 2 Bogor City. The research was conducted with a descriptive approach through observation, questionnaire distribution, and document analysis. The results show that the application of differentiation strategies—including content, processes, and products—is able to increase students' enthusiasm and involvement in learning activities. Teachers first conduct diagnostic tests to map students' learning interests and needs before developing appropriate teaching methods. The students' response to learning was very positive, and the teacher felt that the strategies implemented successfully met their needs and interests. The main challenge in differentiated learning is to change the perception of students who think that the learning process is uniform. To overcome this, teachers provide an understanding that different methods are not forms of discrimination, but rather ways to adapt learning to individual needs. These findings indicate that the differentiation approach is effective in increasing the effectiveness of learning and student involvement in understanding Pancasila Education.

The purpose of this study is to analyze teachers’ understanding of authentic assessment. The assessment process seeks to evaluate whether educational goals have been met, thus highlighting the important role of evaluation in the education sector. Effective and comprehensive evaluation is conducted on an ongoing basis, providing educators with a comprehensive view of student learning achievement and progress. Each subject emphasizes the importance of ongoing assessment, which is aligned with broader educational goals and outcomes. This article serves as a literature review intended to explore the features of 21st century learning and their implications for assessment, specifically authentic assessment. Given globalization and rapid technological advancements, the educational paradigm has shifted from a teacher-centered approach to a student-centered approach. Learning in the 21st century prioritizes the enhancement of critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication skills (often referred to as the 4Cs). Therefore, conventional assessment is considered inadequate to measure learning outcomes that are complex and contextual. This study explores various relevant scientific sources to formulate a comprehensive understanding of authentic assessment as an approach that is in line with the characteristics of 21st century learning. Authentic assessment emphasizes real, contextual processes and products, and provides meaningful learning experiences. The findings of this study recommend that teachers need to design assessments that are integrated with the learning process, encourage active student involvement, and assess abilities holistically. This study is expected to be a guide for education professionals in creating assessment methods that are in line with 21st century requirements.

Pancasila learning at the elementary school level has a strategic role in forming the ethical and moral foundations of the younger generation from an early age. This article aims to analyze the influence of Pancasila learning on the formation of ethical and moral character of elementary school students with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained through classroom observations, interviews with teachers, and documentation studies in several elementary schools in urban and rural areas. The results of the study indicate that Pancasila learning that is implemented consistently and contextually can foster an attitude of tolerance, responsibility, mutual cooperation, and a sense of love for the homeland in students. Pancasila values ​​conveyed through a thematic approach and based on real experiences have proven to be more effective in forming positive student behavior in the school environment and at home. However, challenges remain, such as the lack of teacher understanding of effective learning methods and low support from the environment outside of school. Therefore, there needs to be continuous teacher training and synergy between schools, families, and communities so that Pancasila learning can function optimally in forming children's character. In conclusion, Pancasila learning has a significant influence on the formation of ethics and morals of elementary school students, but the success of its implementation is highly dependent on the method, consistency, and support from various parties. This article is expected to be a reference for educators and policy makers in designing a more adaptive and applicable value curriculum.

The threat of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is increasing develop along with increasing use of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) architecture . Although SDN provides convenience in management network , properties its centralized control make it prone to to flooding attacks that can paralyze controller performance . Detection method conventional , such as approach statistics and machine learning, still own limitations in matter accuracy , high false positive rate , and dependence on extracted features manually . To overcome problem said , research This propose a hybrid deep learning based DDoS detection and mitigation model that combines Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to extraction feature spatial from RGB and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) images for understand temporal correlation between traffic data network . System tested through network test-bed Mininet based with Ryu/Floodlight controller, using simulation DDoS attacks (Hping3, LOIC) and normal traffic (video streaming, HTTP server). Traffic data cross recorded in PCAP format, processed become RGB image measuring 200×200 pixels, and labeled based on type traffic . Evaluation results with metric accuracy , precision, recall, F1-score, and MCC show that the CNN–GRU model has performance more superior compared to baseline approaches such as CNN-only, GRU-only, as well as classical ML methods such as SVM and Random Forest. In addition , the system capable apply mitigation adaptive through automatic flow rule creation on edge switches. Findings This confirm that effective deep learning- based spatial -temporal hybrid approach in increase detection early and response DDoS attacks on SDN networks adaptive and real-time.  

The aim of this research is to determine how effective role-playing is in improving students' understanding of noble moral values in the subject of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at SMAN 6 Karawang. The background of this research is the importance of internalizing noble morals among students, which requires an active and contextual learning approach. This qualitative approach uses a classroom action research design (CAR). A total of thirty students from class XI-I are the subjects of the study. Observation, tests, and documentation are the data collection methods. The results of the study show that using role-playing methods can enhance students' understanding of moral values such as honesty, trustworthiness, humility, and keeping promises. This is evidenced by the increase in the average scores of students in each cycle, as well as the increase in student participation and positive attitudes during the learning process. Therefore, role playing has proven to be an effective learning approach in teaching noble moral values in Islamic secondary schools.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of advertising-based learning strategies in training Arabic language skills of students at Tadzibun Nasyiin Elementary School. By utilizing the activity of making and reading advertisements both posters, brochures, and oral announcements students are encouraged to apply Arabic vocabulary and sentence structures contextually. Descriptive qualitative methods were used through classroom observations, interviews with teachers and students, and documentation of the results of advertising work. The results showed an increase in active participation and student confidence by an average of in the aspects of Arabic speaking and writing skills. The activity of making advertisements successfully facilitated the use of new vocabulary, while reading advertisements trained fluency and pronunciation. Thus, advertising-based strategies are recommended as an innovative alternative in Arabic language learning at the elementary school level.

Counseling is basically a process, which is created with the aim of helping clients who have problems, in the development of the book ta'lim muta'alim not only discusses theories and learning methods, but also emphasizes the importance of manners, intentions, and morality in the learning process, therefore the role of counselors is needed as a liaison for providing education. This study uses a qualitative method with literature study techniques. This study aims to explore more deeply the relevance and application of this book in the context of contemporary education. The results of this study contain (1) Basic philosophy, (2) Purpose of counseling, (3) Counseling relationships (4) Counseling techniques, and (5) Stages of counseling. Thus, Ta'lim Muta'alim becomes an important reference in the development of guidance and counseling based on Islamic values, offering practical solutions to educational and moral challenges in society.