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This study examines the concept of compound words, focusing on their types, structures, and functions in enriching linguistic expressions. Compound words are formed by combining two or more words into a single unit, creating a new meaning distinct from their individual components. This research categorizes compound words into compound verbs, compound adjectives, and compound nouns, analyzing their structures and roles in communication. Examples include verb-verb combinations like "stir-fry," noun-verb structures such as "hand-wash," and noun-noun formations like "toothpaste."By simplifying complex ideas, compound words enhance linguistic precision and efficiency, especially in academic and technical contexts. The study identifies common patterns in forming compound words and explores their role in reflecting cultural and linguistic nuances. For instance, compound adjectives like "coal-black" and compound nouns like "brother-in-law" illustrate the dynamic interplay of grammar and meaning.Findings suggest that compound words not only streamline communication but also adapt to cultural and contextual needs, enriching vocabulary through creative linguistic processes. Future research could investigate how compound word usage varies across languages and disciplines, highlighting their significance in global communication.

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a major transformation in the education system, bringing both opportunities and challenges due to the unfamiliar nature of remote learning. This study aims to explore how online English instruction has been implemented in public senior high schools across Bali, particularly by examining its strengths, limitations, potential benefits, and inherent risks. Employing a qualitative research design, the study involved four English teachers from four different public high schools. Data collection methods included literature analysis, in-depth interviews, and classroom observations.. The study found that online English instruction was shaped by the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) approach, with a particular emphasis on content relevant to the tourism and hospitality sectors. A variety of platforms—such as Zoom, WhatsApp, and other digital tools—were employed to deliver instruction. One of the key advantages identified was the flexibility in time and location, which allowed both students and teachers to access learning materials anytime and anywhere. Furthermore, the availability of diverse digital tools enabled teachers to creatively adapt their teaching strategies. Nonetheless, the implementation also encountered significant barriers, including inconsistent internet access and a lack of adequate digital infrastructure. The study also highlighted opportunities arising from increasing student digital literacy and the expanding use of online learning platforms, which fostered more interactive and engaging learning environments. However, several challenges remained, including low awareness among parents and varying levels of digital competence among educators, which affected the overall effectiveness of the program. The findings underscore the urgent need for sustained teacher training and institutional

Growing up in the digital era, Generation Z has unique characteristics, but faces significant moral issues. The curriculum as an educational tool plays an important role in shaping the character values for this generation. The aim of this research is to analyze and compare the strengths of the 2013 curriculum with the strengths of the independent curriculum in the formation of morality in Generation Z. To achieve this goal, a descriptive qualitative approach to conduct literature research, including studies into political documents, educational theories, and scientific articles, was used. The analysis results show that the 2013 curriculum emphasizes moral values through a scientific approach and character education enhancement (PPK). Meanwhile, the independent curriculum is more flexible and project-based, while the Pancasila student profile promotes contextual learning. Both can shape students' morality, but collaboration among them may be better for education.

The undergraduate thesis entitled “Conceptual Metaphors in the Album Folklore by Taylor Swift” aims to analyze the conceptual metaphors in the Folklore album and analyze what are the meanings of the conceptual metaphors found. Metaphors are widely used in human life to create easier understanding of the form of communication. Metaphors are not merely ornamentals but they also take the roles of fundamental cognitive tools that develop how human beings understand and explore the world. This study was conducted by using a qualitative method. The Album Folklore was used as the data source. The data were collected using documentation technique analyzed through a descriptive-qualitative approach. The theory used for this study was Conceptual Metaphor Theory by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. The findings show that there are three types of conceptual metaphor in the album. Firstly, five structural metaphors were found in the album specifically in the songs namely “The Last Great American Dynasty”, “Mirrorball”, “This Is Me Trying”, “Illicit Affair”, and “Betty”. Secondly, five orientational metaphors were found in the album, specifically in the songs namely “Cardigan”, “The Last Great American Dynasty”, “Exile ft. Bon Iver”, and “Epiphany”. Thirdly, five ontological metaphors were found in the album specifically in the songs namely “Cardigan”, “The Last Great American Dynasty”, “Exile. Ft. Bon Iver”, “Mirrorball”, and “Invisible String”.    

This study aims to analyze the use of italics and capital letters in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis based on the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling (PUEBI). This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with text analysis techniques on quotations in the novel that contain italics and capital letters. The results of the study indicate that there are various forms of inconsistencies in the use of italics, especially in words in regional languages ​​(Javanese), foreign terms, and non-standard words that are not italicized as they should be. Meanwhile, errors in the use of capital letters were found in the form of inappropriate capitalization of common nouns, greetings, and after punctuation that does not start a new sentence. Of the total data analyzed, more than half of the quotations showed deviations from applicable spelling rules. These errors have an impact on the clarity of meaning, stylistic nuances, and readers' perceptions of the narrative structure. This study emphasizes the importance of spelling accuracy in literary works, not only as a technical aspect, but also as part of the rhetorical and aesthetic power of the text. These findings are expected to be a reference in editing literary works and teaching Indonesian based on spelling.

.This study explores the strategies and challenges involved in translating English idioms into Indonesian, using the animated film Up (2009) as a case study. Idioms often carry cultural meanings that are difficult to render directly, especially in audiovisual media such as subtitles, which face spatial and temporal constraints. This research analyzes ten idioms from the film along with their Indonesian translations, identifying three main strategies applied by the translator: paraphrasing, literal translation, and substitution with equivalent idioms. The findings indicate that paraphrasing is the most frequently employed technique, effectively retaining meaning and ensuring clarity for the target audience. However, some idioms lose their original nuance or emotional impact when translated literally. This research emphasizes the crucial role of cultural sensitivity and contextual awareness in translating idioms, especially in subtitling, where clarity and naturalness of language are essential due to space and time limitations.

This study investigates doctor–patient communication strategies in overcoming verbal and non-verbal language barriers within the Pain Clinic of RSUD Genteng Banyuwangi, a public hospital in East Java, Indonesia. Pain clinics pose unique communicative challenges, as patients often struggle to express their discomfort clearly due to limited health literacy, cultural norms, or emotional inhibitions. This research aims to identify and analyze the communicative methods employed by doctors to facilitate accurate information exchange and build therapeutic rapport with patients experiencing chronic pain. Utilizing a qualitative approach, this study applies Conversation Analysis (CA) to naturally occurring doctor–patient consultations recorded through non-intrusive video methods. Verbal and non-verbal interactions were transcribed and analyzed to uncover recurring communicative patterns. The data were interpreted through sociolinguistic and pragmatic lenses to account for the local language diversity and cultural context of Banyuwangi. Findings reveal that doctors employ multiple strategies to clarify meaning and adapt communication: repetition, strategic questioning, utterance correction, and linguistic adaptation. Additionally, doctors interpret and respond to patients' non-verbal cues, including vocal tone, facial expressions, and body gestures, to supplement incomplete verbal communication. These strategies not only enhance diagnostic accuracy but also promote empathy, trust, and patient-centered care. The study concludes that effective communication in pain clinics must account for linguistic diversity, cultural sensitivities, and emotional dynamics. Adaptive and empathetic communication fosters better understanding, reduces the risk of diagnostic error, and improves treatment outcomes. The findings offer practical implications for clinical training and healthcare policy, particularly in multicultural and linguistically diverse settings.

This study aims to analyze the use of italics and capital letters in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis based on the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling (PUEBI). This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with text analysis techniques on quotations in the novel that contain italics and capital letters. The results of the study indicate that there are various forms of inconsistencies in the use of italics, especially in words in regional languages ​​(Javanese), foreign terms, and non-standard words that are not italicized as they should be. Meanwhile, errors in the use of capital letters were found in the form of inappropriate capitalization of common nouns, greetings, and after punctuation that does not start a new sentence. Of the total data analyzed, more than half of the quotations showed deviations from applicable spelling rules. These errors have an impact on the clarity of meaning, stylistic nuances, and readers' perceptions of the narrative structure. This study emphasizes the importance of spelling accuracy in literary works, not only as a technical aspect, but also as part of the rhetorical and aesthetic power of the text. These findings are expected to be a reference in editing literary works and teaching Indonesian based on spelling.

This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to analyze the forms of diglossia that occur in Indonesian language speech at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Falah. This descriptive qualitative approach provides a view or picture of the description made to understand the phenomenon or problem in depth. The purpose of this study is to obtain the results of observations and observations regarding speech that refers to the diglossia of MA Al-Falah students through conversations with prepared data codes so that they can produce data input into written language. Through this study, the author hopes to provide new insights into the diglossia of MA Al-Falah students in High and Low speech.

This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to analyze the forms of diglossia that occur in Indonesian language speech at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Falah. This descriptive qualitative approach provides a view or picture of the description made to understand the phenomenon or problem in depth. The purpose of this study is to obtain the results of observations and observations regarding speech that refers to the diglossia of MA Al-Falah students through conversations with prepared data codes so that they can produce data input into written language. Through this study, the author hopes to provide new insights into the diglossia of MA Al-Falah students in High and Low speech.

This study aims to analyze the idiomatic expressions found in the song lyrics of “Birds of a Feather” by Billie Eilish. Idioms are an essential part of figurative language that enriches the meaning of lyrics and contributes to the emotional and cultural depth of a song. Using a qualitative descriptive method, this research identifies and classifies the idioms based on Makkai’s (1972) typology and interprets their contextual meanings through Leech’s (1981) theory of semantics. The analysis reveals various types of idioms, including phrasal verb idioms and tournure idioms, that reflect themes of emotional connection and loyalty. The findings demonstrate how idioms enhance lyrical expression and offer deeper insight into the artist’s intended message. This study contributes to the understanding of idiomatic usage in contemporary music and provides a linguistic perspective on lyrical interpretation.

This research investigates the semantic expression of romantic bliss in Taylor Swift’s song “Lover,” emphasizing how language conveys emotional intimacy and idealized love. The study is based on Geoffrey Leech’s (1981) theory of meaning, focusing on three aspects: conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, and affective meaning. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method to analyze selected parts of the lyrics. The findings reveal that Swift expresses emotional connections and her ideal of love through metaphorical language and symbolic expressions. Lyrics such as "We could leave the Christmas lights up until January" and "You're my, my, my, my lover" highlight how ordinary events become important emblems of emotional connection and romantic harmony. According to the study, Taylor Swift's "Lover" is a useful tool for semantic investigation as well as a well-liked love song. By her choice of words, Swift creates a lyrical rendering of love that resonates with audiences, thereby emphasizing how language can effectively convey emotional experiences.

This journal examines Emma Heesters' English versions of Indonesian songs, concentrating on the strategies and procedures she employs when translating verses from Indonesian to English, using Diminish Newmark's (1988) interpretation hypothesis as a foundation for evaluation. By analyzing a selection of songs, the study outlines how Heesters addresses social nuances, colloquial expressions, and enthusiasm. This evaluation not only exposes the difficulties involved in interpreting melody verses, but it also emphasizes the significance of maintaining the aesthetic substance of the original piece. Finally, the study improves understanding of interpretation processes in the field of music and cross-cultural contact.

This study investigates conversational implicature in the 2024 animated film Inside Out 2 by analyzing characters’ utterances through the lens of Grice’s theory of implicature and cooperative principles. Conversational implicature refers to the implied meanings not directly expressed but inferred through contextual understanding. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, this study examines both particularized and generalized implicatures, drawing data from selected dialogues in the film and its official transcript. The emotional complexity of the movie—highlighted by the presence of characters such as Anxiety, Envy, and Embarrassment—provides rich ground for analyzing indirect communication. Findings show that from 28 data items, 25 are particularized implicatures and 3 are generalized. This distribution emphasizes a strong reliance on context-sensitive communication, where meaning emerges from emotional, psychological, and situational cues. Particularized implicatures often occur in emotionally charged interactions, reflecting the characters’ internal struggles and development, particularly Riley’s journey through adolescence. Generalized implicatures, though less frequent, serve to convey socially shared assumptions, enhancing audience understanding in broader, often humorous contexts. The analysis also highlights how the characters’ utterances align with Grice’s maxims. The maxim of relevance is maintained through contextually appropriate responses; the maxim of quantity appears when speakers provide adequate information; the maxim of quality surfaces through honest and sincere exchanges; and the maxim of manner is evident in clear, concise communication. Together, these implicatures and maxims enrich the film’s emotional depth and narrative subtlety.

Language acquisition is a fundamental aspect of early childhood development, particularly in learning color vocabulary, which plays a crucial role in cognitive, linguistic, and social growth. However, empirical data show that approximately 47.3% of Indonesian children aged 3-5 experience delays in recognizing colors, potentially hindering their overall language and cognitive development. This study aims to analyze the process of language acquisition in learning color vocabulary among children aged 3-5 years using a psycholinguistic approach, as well as to explore teaching methods employed by teachers at PAUD An-Najah Rowosari Tembalang, Semarang. A qualitative descriptive method was used, involving 20 children, teachers, and parents as informants. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results reveal variations in color vocabulary acquisition: 30% of children showed significant progress, 50% demonstrated good development, and 20% required intensive assistance. Influencing factors include home stimulation, teaching methods, and psychological aspects of the children. This research enriches psycholinguistic studies, supports the development of effective teaching methods, and provides guidance for parents and educators in fostering early childhood language development, especially in color recognition.

This study investigates category shifts in the Indonesian subtitle translation of The Lion King (2019) using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Drawing on Catford’s Category Shift Theory (1965), the research identifies four types of shifts—structure, class, unit, and intra-system—within the film’s subtitles. The data, collected through documentation and note-taking techniques, were analyzed to determine the nature and frequency of each shift type. The findings show that structure shifts are the most dominant (54%), followed by unit shifts (21%), class shifts (18%), and intra-system shifts (7%). These shifts demonstrate the translator’s strategy in adapting the source language to suit the target language's syntactic and semantic norms. By focusing on the linguistic and functional aspects of subtitle translation, this research highlights the importance of translation shifts in maintaining clarity, naturalness, and audience engagement in cross-linguistic audiovisual media.    

This study aims to analyze the struggle of the main character in achieving superiority in the novel Adiba by Mairisa Elvia. This struggle is rooted in the feelings of inferiority experienced by the main character since childhood. Through the individual psychology approach of Alfred Adler and qualitative descriptive methods, this research reveals the forms of the character's struggle in responding to traumatic experiences, social pressures, and inner conflicts that affect the direction of her life. Data were collected from quotes of narration, dialogue, or actions of the characters in the novel that reflect the effort to overcome feelings of helplessness and achieve meaningful life goals. Data collection techniques were conducted through careful reading and systematic note-taking of relevant parts of the text. The data were analyzed using content analysis to unveil the meanings behind actions, dialogues, and narratives related to the dynamics of the character's struggle. The research results show that the struggle towards superiority is demonstrated through hard work, a never-give-up attitude, and a drive to be beneficial to others. The main character not only struggles to overcome personal weaknesses but also shows a transformation of personality through constructive and social achievements. This process reflects an individual's journey in shaping a lifestyle and ultimate goals as compensation for the feelings of inferiority they once experienced. This study concludes that the psychological aspects in literary works can provide a deeper understanding of the motivations and personality dynamics of the characters, as well as enrich literary analysis with an interdisciplinary approach.

This study aims to philologically examine the Simalungun script manuscript containing the early history of Simalungun. This manuscript is one of the important sources in understanding the history, culture, and identity of the Simalungun people from a traditional perspective. This study uses a philological approach by implementing several stages, namely inventory, physical description of the manuscript, transliteration into Latin letters, translation into Indonesian, and content analysis. Through this method, the content of the text can be revealed in depth to reconstruct historical information and cultural values contained in the manuscript scientifically. This research is important to do considering that the existence of Simalungun script manuscripts is increasingly rare and has not received much special scientific attention. The results of the analysis show that the manuscript contains a narrative about the origins of the Simalungun people, including the story of ancestral migration, the formation of clan areas, traditional leadership systems, and cultural values that are passed down from generation to generation. In addition to being a historical document, this manuscript also reflects the identity and outlook on life of the Simalungun people in the past. Through this philological study, the manuscript was successfully reconstructed and interpreted scientifically so that it can become an important source in preserving culture and strengthening regional script literacy.  

This study explores the intricate relationship between grief and healing as depicted in Nadin Amizah's song "Bertaut." Through a stylistic analysis, the research delves into the poetic elements employed by Amizah to convey the emotional depth of loss and the journey towards recovery. By examining the use of imagery, metaphor, and lyrical structure, the paper highlights how these stylistic choices enhance the listener's understanding of the complexities of grief. Furthermore, the analysis reveals the transformative power of music as a medium for expressing sorrow and facilitating healing. Ultimately, this study contributes to the broader discourse on the role of art in processing emotional experiences, emphasizing the significance of Amizah's work in contemporary music.

This research analyzes the translation strategies applied in the Indonesian version of the song "What Else Can I Do?" from Disney's animated film Encanto (2021). Using Peter Newmark’s translation theory, the study compares 26 selected lines from the original English lyrics with their Indonesian translations, focusing on four methods: literal, faithful, free, and communicative translation. The analysis, conducted through a qualitative descriptive approach, reveals that each method was strategically applied depending on the content and context of each line, aiming to maintain meaning, rhythm, and emotional impact. The results highlight the complexity of song translation, particularly the balance between linguistic accuracy and cultural adaptation in audiovisual media.