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Bullying refers to deviant behavior that is often carried out consciously or unconsciously. Bullying is repeated aggressive and negative behavior towards someone with the aim of hurting him. Bullying is defined as negative actions carried out by a stronger party against a weaker party through the use or non-use of tools with the aim of creating physical and emotional pressure on the weaker party. The increase in bullying cases in schools shows how worrying the current condition of education in Indonesia is. The aim of this research is to find out whether bullying behavior has a significant influence on students' learning motivation and enthusiasm for learning. We hope this can help schools know how big the impact of bullying is at school and help victims overcome the problems and risks of bullying. The method used is the Systematic Literature Review or SRL method, namely selecting each journal or previous research and getting results in the form of references for models/ideas that will be developed in the future. The results of this research show that bullying has a big influence on students' learning motivation, this is characterized by not having the courage to participate actively in the learning process and showing low interest in lessons. Bullying behavior significantly affects elementary school students' learning motivation. Students who experience bullying tend to show lower levels of motivation, loss of interest in learning, and lack of confidence in their academic abilities.

In the current era of technological advancement, deep learning has become a widely discussed and utilized topic, particularly in image classification, object detection, and natural language processing. A significant development in deep learning is the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which is enhanced with various optimizations such as Adam, RMSProp, and SGD. This thesis implements the Inception v3 architecture for the deep learning model, utilizing these three optimization methods to classify malaria disease. The study aims to evaluate performance and determine the best optimization based on classification accuracy. The results indicate that the SGD optimization with a learning rate of 0.001 achieved an accuracy of 94%, RMSProp with learning rates of 0.001 and 0.0001 achieved an accuracy of 96%, and Adam with learning rates of 0.001 and 0.0001 achieved an accuracy of 95%.

This research aims to determine the probability of changes in grades from the prerequisite course Mathematical Statistics II using the Markov chain process method. Prerequisite courses are an important component in the higher education curriculum, because they influence student success in advanced courses. In this study, student grade data was collected and analyzed to map the transition between grade categories from one semester to the next. The Markov chain model is applied to predict patterns of value change, with the assumption that the future state of value depends only on the current state. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide insight into the pattern of grade transition, assist in academic decision making, and identify factors that contribute to an increase or decrease in student performance. Thus, this study can contribute to improving learning strategies and more effective academic policies.

This research aims to determine the effect of the guided discovery learning model on student learning outcomes in class 12 using a scientific approach; in this research, the researcher used 2 learning methods, one of which is the conventional method; the researcher used 2 classes as samples, where each class was 15 students in each class, was coded as class A for the control class and class B for the experimental class. The research instrument used was a question in the form of a posttest. 

This research was motivated by the existence of students who experienced dysgraphia (difficulty writing). This difficulty in writing is one of the inhibiting factors in the learning process in class. So, based on this background, the aim of this research is to find out teachers' strategies for dealing with dysgraphia students in class VI at SDN 26 Bukit Putus Dalam. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques use observation and interviews. Data analysis uses the Milles and Huberman data analysis model. Test the validity of the data using data trigultion techniques. This research was conducted at SDN 26 Bukit Putus Dalam which is located in Linggo Sari Baganti District, Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra Province. The results of the research show that: the forms of writing difficulties experienced by class VI students at SDN 26 Bukit Putus Dalam consist of writing letters backwards, deleting and adding letters, and not reading fluently so they have difficulty writing. Then, that is the teacher's strategy in overcoming the writing difficulties of class VI students at SDN 26 Bukit Putus Dalam, namely by providing motivation to students by using interesting learning media, using appropriate learning methods, and using appropriate learning resources.

This research aims to: (1) find out and understand how the collaboration between the government, teachers and parents in the implementation of special education for children with special needs at SDN Menur Pumpungan IV, (2) to know and understand what learning services are implemented in the process teaching children with special needs at the SDN Menur Pumpungan IV. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research. Research subjects included class teachers, school principals, and classmates of children with special needs at SDN Menur Pumpungan IV. The method used in this research is the case study method. Data collection uses observation and interview techniques. The data obtained was then analyzed using the interactive model from Miles and Huberman with the steps of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of the show that at SDN Menur Pumpungan IV there are two students with special needs who have a background of slow learners and hyperactivity disorder. The class teacher who teachesthe two students always differentiates learning for students with special need from other normal student.

This research aims to, (1) describe the process of developing procedural text teaching materials containing local wisdom using the Google Sites website, (2) describe the form of developing procedural text teaching materials containing local wisdom in Simalungun using the Google Sites website, and (3) describe the feasibility of teaching materials procedure text containing local Simalungun wisdom with the help of the Google Sites website. The development of procedural text teaching materials containing Simalungun local wisdom with the help of the Google Sites website uses the ADDIE model which is limited to only going through the analysis, design and development stages. The validation stage involved material expert lecturers, media expert lecturers and two Indonesian language teachers. The sample for this research was 31 class VII students at SMP Negeri 2 Siantar using the Purposive Sample technique. Data collection techniques were interviews and questionnaires. The research instrument was a validation questionnaire sheet for material experts and media experts using Likert scale calculations. Data analysis uses qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the research show that the product of procedural text teaching materials containing Simalungun local wisdom with the help of the Google Sites website received the "Very Good" criteria with an average of 88.85%, with results from material experts of 83.41% with the "Very Good" criteria. The results from media experts were 88% with the criteria "Very Good" and Indonesian language teachers 92% and 90%, so that the teaching materials were suitable for use as supporting teaching materials in the learning process.

The mobile device has been supported by the operating system that makes the phone has the potential to be a learning tool. The Android operating system is the mobile platform of high potential in education, plus it is open source, it can support independent learning. Availability of facilities and applications that can be installed offline, allowing an independent learning process starts from the students themselves. The purpose of this research is to find a practical model that can be applied in learning. Make mobile learning a practical model that can be used teachers, students and schools take advantage of the resources that already exist. The research method uses research and development, to mobile learning models that later developed into a model factual. Results The study concluded that: Android mobile application that is filled with interesting teaching materials can continue to invite progress within teacher as creator and students as users. Availability of Internet applications, making new teaching participants, can catch up with learning by opening apps without worry about the royalty claims. Android mobile application that supports online messaging greatly help communication between members. Results of the study are: a practical mobile learning model consists of four aspects, namely: Four Key Roles, Learning Tasks Accommodation, Interactive Content and the Modular Learning Outcomes.

This research was carried out with the aim of finding out the effect of the Case Based Learning learning model on the ability to write explanatory text. The population of this study was all students of class XI SMA Negeri 3 Medan, totaling 6 classes. Sampling in this study was carried out randomly, so 2 classes were obtained, namely class XI MIA-2 consisting of 30 students as the experimental class and class XI MIA-5 consisting of 30 students as the control class. From the data collection and processing that has been carried out, it shows that the ability to write explanatory text in class using the conventional model obtained an average value of 67.08 and a standard deviation of 9.87. Apart from that, judging from the normality test results of the Case Based Learning learning model, the results were Lcount<Ltable, namely 0.137<0.161. Then in the conventional learning model Lcount<Ltable is 0.124<0.161. Because Lcount is smaller than Ltable, the two data above are said to be normally distributed. Likewise, from the results of the data homogeneity test, namely Fcount<Ftable, namely 0.51<0.53, the data comes from a homogeneous population. After the normality test and homogeneity test, hypothesis testing is then carried out. From hypothesis testing, the results obtained are Tcount>Ttable with hypothesis test results of 5.85>1.699, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted so this proves that the Case Based Learning model is more influential in improving the ability to write explanatory text in class XI students at SMA Negeri 3 Medan .    

This research aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on student learning outcomes in the Biogeochemical Cycle sub-material in Class X SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan. This research uses a quantitative approach with a Quasi Experimental research method with a Non Equivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study were all class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan, Purwakarta Regency. The sampling technique was Purposive Sampling with a sample of class X.9 as the experimental class which took part in learning by applying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and class The variables of this research include the independent variable, namely the Learning Model (PBL Learning Model vs. Conventional Learning Model) and the dependent variable, namely student learning outcomes in the Biogeochemical Cycle sub-material in Class X SMA Negeri 1 Darangdan. The data collection technique uses the Test Method. The instrument used is a multiple choice test. Learning outcome data were analyzed using the Independent Sample T-test. Learning Results of experimental class students achieved good characteristics and the control class only achieved adequate characteristics. The mean post-test for the experimental class was 83.1 and the mean post-test for the control class was 74.04. The results of the Independent Sample t-test show the value of tcount = 3.363 > ttable = 1.989. Because tcount > ttable, Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is a significant difference in student learning outcomes between classes that take part in learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and classes that take part in conventional learning. And also the Sig value. (2-tailed) < 0.05, namely 0.001. So it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model influences student learning outcomes.      

This research is a conceptual study of the implementation of the Project Based Learning learning model as an effort to grow the character of students according to the 6 dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile in the independent curriculum. The Project Based Learning learning model is one of the learning models that can foster Pancasila values in students. By using qualitative descriptive methods through library research, this study aims to find out how the implementation of the Project Based Learning learning model as an effort to grow the character of students according to the 6 dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile in the independent curriculum. The results of this study show that the Project Based Learning learning model is a strategy that is in accordance with the values contained in the Pancasila Student Profile.

The purpose of this study to determine the effect of Team games tournament model on student learning outcomes in subtheme 1 Class V SD Negeri 091273 Karang bangun. This study is a pre-experimental study using one group pretest-posttest design, the sample of this study was 25 people. Data collection technique is a test. By doing the pretest got an average result of 65.92, then given treatment after treatment using the Team games tournament model so that it gets a posttest with an average value of 91.76. With the value obtained, the value of the postest has a higher average than the pretest. After doing the post test, the researchers conducted an n-gain Test got an n-gain score of 0.7660 categorized as high and the hypothesis test got a value of 27,562. T test results obtained by thitung = 27,562 with a significance level of 0,000. since the significant probability is much smaller than 0.05 i.e. 0.000 and thitung = 27,562 > ttable = 1,711 then HO is rejected and Ha is accepted. This shows that there is an influence of the Team games tournament learning model on the learning outcomes of Class V students on the theme 7 events in life and subtheme 1 national events of the colonial period on learning 1 and 2 in Class V at SD Negeri 091273 Karang bangun academic year 2023/2024.

Abstract Indonesian has an important role in developing children's communication skills at the early childhood education stage. This article discusses how the use of Indonesian can influence the development of children's communication skills at an early age, as well as effective methods for developing these skills. This research aims to explore the role of Indonesian in developing children's communication skills in Early Childhood Education (PAUD). This research uses qualitative methods by means of observation and interviews. Indonesian is not only a means of communication, but also a means of developing PAUD children's thinking, self-expression and social interaction skills. This article provides a deeper understanding of the role of Indonesian in developing children's communication skills at this stage of education. Apart from that, language development strategies in early childhood and effective communication models for developing creative thinking abilities are also discussed in this journal. Storytelling and role-play learning methods can also be used to develop children's language skills at an early age. It is important to pay attention to the role of Indonesian in early childhood education to improve their communication skills. By paying attention to the role of language, it can be easier to develop an effective and holistic learning approach in developing children's communication skills from an early age. The results of the research are that providing an understanding of Indonesian can play a role in developing communication skills in early childhood.

The low interest in reading among elementary school (SD) students poses a significant challenge in the context of primary education. This article identifies various factors that contribute to the low interest in reading among students, including lack of access to engaging reading materials, insufficient support from parents, lack of motivation or intrapersonal interest, uninteresting curriculum and teaching methods, influence of electronic media, socio-economic conditions, lack of reading role models, and difficulties in reading. The analysis yields recommendations that encompass improving access to engaging reading materials, encouraging parental support, fostering student motivation and intrapersonal interest, and developing engaging curriculum and teaching methods. Through a holistic and sustainable approach, it is hoped that these recommendations can help address the challenges of low reading interest among elementary school students and enhance the quality of literacy learning at the primary level.

In general, students studying at school have varied talents; There are some students who are academically talented and there are some who are non-academic. The talents that students have can be experienced from birth and can also be experienced through education at school. The aim of writing this article is to provide knowledge or insight into a new paradigm to readers, observers, academics and educational practitioners so that they can understand how to obtain the best solution in developing the education of gifted children with different service models based on Christianity. religious education paradigm. The research method in writing this article is a qualitative descriptive approach using a literature study approach such as books, journal articles and websites on social media as references. The research results show that the contribution of Christian religious education is very influential in developing the potential of talented children. The aspects that are part of the education of gifted children in the Christian religious education paradigm are providing understanding in the form of recognizing talent as a gift from God, moral and ethical development, service and devotion, and spiritual education.

Learning media is a vehicle for transmitting learning messages and information. Learning media is designed as best as possible to improve student learning outcomes. In this era of globalization, learning media is increasingly advanced. The use of Information Technology as a learning medium has become a demand. In order to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of learning, various creative and innovative learning models need to be developed. This research aims to meet school needs, increase interest in learning and improve student learning outcomes. Limitations of learning media are known to be one of the obstacles that exist in learning at the elementary school level, especially for students. The impact of limited media is the low interest and activity of students when participating in elementary school learning. The existence of these obstacles aims to develop Monokebu media as an alternative solution to learning problems for students as well as finding out whether the media is suitable for use in learning and presenting the results of limited trials of the media. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a library research approach. The results of this research indicate that it is very necessary to develop teaching material media to improve student learning outcomes. In this progressive era, learning media can be created using technology-based learning media models. Among the technology-based media are PPT, Google Classroom, Google Meet. Including Monokebu media.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the advocacy learning model on the PAK learning motivation of class IX students at GBKP Kabanjahe Private Middle School in the 2023/2024 Academic Year, with the hypothesis that there is an influence of the advocacy learning model on the PAK learning motivation of class IX students at GBKP Kabanjahe Private Middle School in the 2023/2024 Academic Year. . With a population of all class IX of GBKP Kabanjahe Private Middle School who are Protestant Christians, totaling 85 people with a sample of 85 people, so this research is a population research. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire with 33 items compiled by the author based on variable indicators according to expert theory. The questionnaire was tested with 35 respondents from class IX students at Berastagi Joint Private Middle School. using a 35 question questionnaire and after being tested, the results of the validity of the questionnaire were found to have a value of rcount > rtable = 0.254-0.773 (there were 2 question items that had validity less than rtable 0.334, namely item number 11 and item number 35 so that the invalid questionnaire was discarded Thus, the valid questionnaire consists of 33 questions. And the reliability of the questionnaire test is at 0.910, the value is very strong and has been tested for validity and reliability. The results of data analysis show that there is an influence of the advocacy learning model on students' PAK learning motivation class IX Private Middle School GBKP Kabanjahe Academic Year 2023/2024. Using the relationship test, rcount > rtable is obtained, namely 0.623>0.213, with a significant relationship test tcount > ttable, namely 9.273>2.000, with the linear regression test Y ̂ = α+bx = 13.91. +0.661X. This equation shows that in a constant state of 13.91, for every addition of variable 38.8%. This means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. The significant influence test with Fcount>Ftable (52.52>4.00) means that there is a positive and significant influence between the advocacy learning model on the PAK learning motivation of class IX students at GBKP Kabanjahe Private Middle School for the 2023/2024 academic year. This research suggests that teachers always use the advocacy learning model in the teaching and learning process, so that the motivation of class IX students at GBKP Kabanjahe Private Middle School, Kabanjahe, for the 2023/2024 academic year will be better.    

By using learning media, educators can increase students' interest in learning new things through teaching materials that are easy to understand. Learning media that is interesting for students can be a stimulus for students in the learning process. As an educator, you must be able to choose and use learning media quickly and appropriately to help achieve the learning objectives that have been set. The purpose of the study was to explore the selection of the right learning media model to improve students' learning achievement results. This research method is a qualitative research based on literature (library research). This research is taken based on the sources that the author gets, both in the form of; articles, journals, books, magazines and so on related to the research theme. This research examines the selection of appropriate learning media to improve student learning outcomes. The results of this study indicate that one of the factors supporting the success of the learning activity process is the use of learning media. Learning media is very important in supporting classroom learning activities so that it is expected to realize a good teaching and learning process and have a positive impact on learning outcomes so that students can achieve educational goals and student learning outcomes become better.

This study aims to describe and improve listening skills in appreciating the drama of local wisdom through empathic appreciation method in Class XI MIA SMAS PGRI Maros. This study is a class action study involving one class. The subjects of this study were students of Class XI MIA SMAS PGRI Maros consisting of 20 students. Data collection techniques used in this study are tests and observations. Data collection is done by applying a learning model of empathic appreciation at the end of each cycle. Observations were made each learning process using a test of learning outcomes after learning by applying the empathic appreciation learning model took place with the perception responses of students of Class XI MIA SMAS PGRI Maros about the application of the empathic appreciation learning model. The collected Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that with the application of empathic appreciation learning model can improve learning outcomes appreciating drama students of Class XI MIA SMAS PGRI Maros. This is evident from the increase in student learning outcomes. The research carried out obtained (1) student learning outcomes in the first cycle are in the low category of 20 students, only 7 students (35%) who get grades above KKM, while students who get grades below KKM or incomplete are 13 people (65%). Student learning outcomes in the second cycle of 20 students, there are no students (0%) Who Get grades below KKM or incomplete, and students who get grades above KKM or complete are 20 people (100%). (2) the results of the analysis show that there are changes in the attitude of students during the learning process in accordance with the results of observations of students in the first cycle is still less able to accept the material and less able to appreciate the drama, in the second cycle of students already understand well, and able to appreciate the drama according to assessment standards.

This study aims to describe and improve listening skills in appreciating the drama of local wisdom through empathic appreciation method in Class XI MIA SMAS PGRI Maros. This study is a class action study involving one class. The subjects of this study were students of Class XI MIA SMAS PGRI Maros consisting of 20 students. Data collection techniques used in this study are tests and observations. Data collection is done by applying a learning model of empathic appreciation at the end of each cycle. Observations were made each learning process using a test of learning outcomes after learning by applying the empathic appreciation learning model took place with the perception responses of students of Class XI MIA SMAS PGRI Maros about the application of the empathic appreciation learning model. The collected Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that with the application of empathic appreciation learning model can improve learning outcomes appreciating drama students of Class XI MIA SMAS PGRI Maros. This is evident from the increase in student learning outcomes. The research carried out obtained (1) student learning outcomes in the first cycle are in the low category of 20 students, only 7 students (35%) who get grades above KKM, while students who get grades below KKM or incomplete are 13 people (65%). Student learning outcomes in the second cycle of 20 students, there are no students (0%) Who Get grades below KKM or incomplete, and students who get grades above KKM or complete are 20 people (100%). (2) the results of the analysis show that there are changes in the attitude of students during the learning process in accordance with the results of observations of students in the first cycle is still less able to accept the material and less able to appreciate the drama, in the second cycle of students already understand well, and able to appreciate the drama according to assessment standards.