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This research aims to determine the extent of development of community activities after infrastructure development, especially in the construction of road infrastructure in the Sinasih Village area, Silau Kahean District, Simalungun Regency, as well as aspects related to community participation in village infrastructure development. The approach taken in this research is a qualitative approach that uses informant analysis units with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and document studies. The analysis used is qualitative descriptive analysis. The research results show that: first, the village road infrastructure that has been built step by step has had a significant influence on improving the welfare of the community, especially the community in the Sinasih Village area. Second, aspects related to community activities, namely the type of work and level of education, also influence the rate of increase in community welfare itself.

Principal communication is the process of conveying information to teachers and forwarded to students. The purpose of this study was to determine the principal's communication, including: Teacher professionalism; Teacher discipline; and Teacher responsibility. Qualitative approach with descriptive method. In terms of data collection is through literature study, literature study is the initial step in the data collection method. Literature study is a data collection method that is directed at finding data and information through documents, both written documents, photographs, images, and electronic documents that can support the writing process. The subjects of the study were teachers, principals, and school committees at Madrasah Aliyah Islamiyah Sunggal. The results of the study found: Principal communication in improving teacher professionalism is conveying messages to teachers both verbally and in writing; Principal communication in improving teacher discipline is providing exemplary examples by attending school on time; Principal communication in improving teacher responsibility is interpersonal communication, communication in solving problems in learning by coordinating and finding solutions with the school committee and supervisor, and the relevant Education Office. It is expected that the committee and the principal can provide encouragement and guidance in teacher performance regarding professionalism, discipline and teacher responsibility effectively and efficiently so that it can improve teacher performance in schools.

Medan city is one of the largest cities in Indonesia. The increasing need for infrastructure amidst the increasing population in the city of Medan is a challenge that must be resolved. This research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Medan City Revenue and Expenditure Budget considering that the budget allocation for improving infrastructure that has been carried out by the Medan City Government is the government's priority. The research method used in this research is a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach. The results of the research found that effectiveness in managing the APBD is still less effective. In this case, the effectiveness of budget management still needs to be improved so that fund allocation can be optimized and create more inclusive and sustainable development.

This research aims to find out how classical music influences the level of mathematics anxiety of class XB students at SMK Negeri 2 Kasihan Bantul. Second, what is the impact of classical music on the mathematics learning achievement of class XB students at SMK Negeri 2 Kasihan Bantul. The research subjects were class XB students at SMK Negeri 2 Kasihan Bantul with a total of 17 students. The type of research used is quantitative research supported by a qualitative approach. The research instruments used in the research were questionnaires, ability tests, and observations. The data obtained was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results of the research show that classical music has an effect on reducing the level of mathematics anxiety of class XB students at SMK Negeri 2 Kasihan Bantul. Then classical music had an impact on improving the mathematics learning achievement of class XB students at SMK Negeri 2 Kasihan Bantul.  

This research analyzes the role of priests in social dialogue related to the implementation of the Public Housing Savings Program (TAPERA) in Riam Batang Parish and its impact on the lives of the people. TAPERA, as an Indonesian government initiative, aims to facilitate livable house ownership for low-income people through savings and financing schemes. In Riam Batang Parish, priests not only function as spiritual leaders, but also as facilitators of social dialogue and agents of change. This research uses a qualitative approach with case studies, collecting data through in-depth interviews with priests and congregation. The research results show that imams play a key role in increasing people's awareness and understanding of TAPERA, as well as helping overcome bureaucratic and economic obstacles. The Imam plays an active role in providing education and outreach regarding this program, helping the congregation access its benefits, and being a mediator between the congregation and government agencies. However, several challenges such as lack of understanding of the people, complicated administrative processes, and economic limitations are still significant obstacles. This research highlights the importance of effective social dialogue built by priests in supporting the implementation of TAPERA, as well as the need for collaboration between the church, government and local communities to overcome these challenges. Thus, the role of the priest in a social and economic context becomes essential in improving the welfare of the people and achieving the goals of a more inclusive and sustainable public housing program.

This research aims to implement the Class 7 teaching campus program in improving student literacy and numeracy at Bhakti Karya Simo Vocational School. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with an interpretive paradigm because the researcher is directly involved in the interaction. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and case studies. The objects of this research are schools, students and students' learning activities during campus teaching assignments. This research was carried out for almost four months, starting from February 26 to June 2 2024. The results of this research are that the campus teaching program carries out various work programs that can improve students' literacy and numeracy skills, such as literacy habits, library viewing, literacy corners, magazines wall, work language week, literacy and numeracy festival, numeracy snakes and ladders, numeracy crossword puzzle, mathematics quiz, technology adaptation training to natural disaster mitigation adaptation. In its implementation, there are various obstacles and challenges faced by students, but they can be resolved by finding the best solution.

This research aims to improve student learning outcomes on ecology by implementing the Think Pair Share type learning strategy in class X Science at SMA Onate, Yapen Islands, Papua Province. The research method used is classroom action research. The subjects of this research were 25 class X Science students at Onate High School, Yapen Islands, Papua Province. This research was carried out in two cycles, and each cycle was carried out in 3 meetings. The research results showed that the recapitulation of learning outcomes in cycle I was 60%, or 15 students completed classical learning. In comparison, in cycle II, the percentage of student learning completion was 88%, or 22 students completed classical learning. Implementing the Think Pair Share type learning strategy can improve student learning outcomes in class X Science at SMA Onate, Yapen Islands, Papua Province.

This study aims to determine the influence of digital technology development on the role of notaries, as well as the challenges faced by notaries in dealing with digital technology development. This research uses qualitative research methods. The research data was obtained through in-depth interviews with notaries, legal observers, and users of notary services. The data obtained was analyzed using thematic analysis method. The results showed that the development of digital technology has brought positive and negative influences to the role of notaries. The positive influences include: 1) Increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of notary work 2) Reaching a wider community 3) Improving the quality of notary services. The negative influences include: 1) The emergence of new challenges for notaries 2) Raising the potential for legal violations. This research concludes that the development of digital technology has changed the role of notaries. Notaries are required to continue to innovate and improve their competence in order to face these challenges.

UKM Wintolo is a small and medium business that produces molds using liquid aluminum as the base material. UKM Wintolo has 3 workers with different age ranges. When initial observations were made, it was seen that the position and posture of workers when working were not neutral and not ergonomic, so community service activities were carried out at UKM Wintolo with the theme of improving processes and work environments in accordance with ergonomics rules at UKM Wintolo. This activity was carried out for 2 days, namely the first day was carried out by providing socialization material according to the theme of the activity, and taking measurements using the anthropometric method in making work facilities. The work facilities that have been refurbished include work chairs that are used for the mold preparation process and the process of taking mold results. On the second day, the products that had been made for these two activities were handed over. Community service activities are carried out to avoid musculoskeletal disorder (MSDs) complaints and this will subsequently have an impact on increasing worker productivity. Through this activity, it can be seen that there is a change in the position and posture of workers while working.

This research aims to describe students’ ability in writing persuasive text before and after using group discussion method in class VIII students of SMPN 37 Medan. The research method used was experimental with one group pretest postest design. The instruments used were pretest and postest written tests. The results showed that before using the group discussion method, students’ ability in writing persuasive texts was still lacking with an average score 59,37. However, after using the group discussion method, students’ abilities improved to good with an average score of 77,73. Data analysis showed a significant effect of group discussion method on students’ persuasive text writing ability. This is evidenced by the result of statistical calculations that show the normality test of pretest and postest data is normally distributed, the homogeneity test states that the sample is homogeneous, and the hypothesis test rejects H0 and accepts Ha. This research implies that the group discussion method is effective in improving students’ persuasive text writing ability in class VIII of SMPN 37 Medan.  

This study aims to identify challenges and solutions to the use of effective Indonesian in academic discussions on campus, as well as its implications for improving the language skills of millennial students.  The use of effective Indonesian in academic discussions on campus is important for millennial students. However, there are challenges faced in practice, such as inadequate language skills, the influence of trends in the use of foreign languages, and a less supportive campus environment. This study aims to identify challenges and solutions in the effective use of Indonesian in academic discussions on campus. The results show that the main challenges faced are internal factors, such as the lack of Indonesian language skills, as well as external factors, such as the campus environment that tends to encourage the use of foreign languages.

This research aims to determine the influence of learning style on the learning outcomes of students. This research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach, describing or describing the influence of learning styles on student learning. The data collection technique used is the study of literature. The results of the research show that the learning style of students has three types of learning styles, each according to their comfort. How to find out the learning style that students have can be done by observation, survey, or learning style test. The strategy carried out to facilitate the learning process according to the learning style of students is to use visual material, encourage students to read the material in a loud voice, and invite children to learn while exploring the environment. Learning style is the key to improving academic achievement. Each student has a different learning style, so understanding the learning styles of different students will provide appropriate services for what and how should be provided and completed for learning that goes well.

Economic diversification is crucial for Iraq to overcome the limitations imposed by its heavy reliance on oil. This study explores Iraq's economic history, current structure, and the urgent challenges it faces, emphasizing the need for structural transformation. It examines the vulnerabilities caused by fluctuating global oil prices, geopolitical instability, and internal demographic pressures for the period of 2004 to 2022. By analyzing government policies, sectoral developments, and international collaborations, this research highlights the efforts and obstacles in achieving economic diversification. The findings indicate that while Iraq has made strides toward diversifying its economy, it still faces significant challenges such as bureaucratic inefficiencies, political instability, and security concerns. International collaborations and foreign direct investment (FDI) emerge as crucial components, providing the financial support and technological expertise needed for economic transformation. Lastly, economic diversification is more than just an economic strategy for Iraq; it is a comprehensive approach to achieving long-term stability and growth. A diversified economy can help Iraq build resilience against external shocks, promote inclusive growth, and secure a sustainable and prosperous future. The imperative for economic diversification is clear: to create a stable, balanced, and resilient economy that can withstand global market fluctuations and geopolitical dynamics, ultimately improving the well-being of its population

Analysis of errors in the use of Indonesian in the learning of UIN Law Students is an important study that focuses on how students use written and spoken Indonesian in academic and learning contexts. Indonesian is the official language and language of instruction in education in Indonesia. Good and correct mastery of Indonesian is very important for students to be able to convey ideas, arguments and analyzes clearly and effectively, especially in fields of study such as those that require a deep understanding of citizenship concepts and Pancasila values. This research uses qualitative methods with a case study approach. The focus of this research is to explore the perspectives, experiences and views of UIN Law students. Analysis of errors in the use of Indonesian in the context of higher education, especially in learning Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn), is an important topic for identifying and improving the quality of students' language.

The increase in Hajj registrants in Indonesia has led to the need for efficient and transparent management of Hajj funds. State regulations and Sharia principles must be adhered to when using Wakalah contracts for efficient management of Hajj funds. The aim of this research is to clarify the legal framework surrounding the Wakalah contract so that its implementation is more effective and optimizes the management of Hajj funds both in the context of sharia and state law. This research uses a normative juridical method, namely data is analyzed and processed systematically, logically and critically, using a normative approach and based on regulations, doctrine, legal principles and other relevant supplementary materials. Based on these findings, data was analyzed and a strong legal framework and sharia principles can maximize benefits for Hajj pilgrims and encourage cost-effective management of funds. Collaboration between Islamic banking institutions and Hajj regulators can also help overcome existing challenges. This research offers a deeper understanding of the benefits of ownership, Wakalah principles, as well as relevant legal and Sharia aspects, thanks to its careful methodological approach. Its unique contribution lies in its focus on beneficial ownership, a comprehensive examination of legal and sharia considerations, and the development of a practical framework for improving Hajj financial management in Indonesia.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, especially UVB and UVA, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of skin damage. Excessive sun exposure causes various skin problems, such as burning, dehydration, and premature aging, and increases the risk of skin cancer. Precautions such as using sunscreen, protective clothing, and avoiding peak UV exposure times are essential. Using the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle, we carry out facial skin health checks, including education about sun protection, identification of skin problems, and follow-up interventions. 33 participants (11 men and 22 women) participated in this activity. It was found that the average wrinkle, roughness, moist, and UV damage were 17%, 20%, 46%, and 22.18% respectively. Early counseling and screening is essential to increase awareness, change behavior, and prevent skin problems, ultimately improving skin health and improving quality of life.

Over the past few decades, technological and information innovation has become increasingly advanced and developed, this has also encouraged increased competency for religious instructors in processing databases. This technological development also has an impact on the Tanete Riattang District KUA agency in the field of religious extension to use website-based technology to make data processing easier. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the skills of religious instructors in increasing their database processing competence. This research aims to explain how important and necessary it is to develop the skills of religious instructors in improving database processing competence. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative research method by collecting research data and information through observation, interviews and literature study. The results of the research show that developing the skills of religious instructors in improving database processing competency in the KUA, Tanete Riattang District, Bone Regency is very important and requires immediate attention, because this competency is one of the competencies that religious instructors must have.

This study aims to explore the role of nutrition in disease prevention and identify the factors influencing the nutritional status of the population in Indonesia. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research analyzes scientific literature and secondary data from official sources such as the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The analysis results indicate that macro and micronutrients, such as complex carbohydrates, plant-based proteins, healthy fats, and vitamins and minerals, play a significant role in reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. The Mediterranean diet and plant-based eating patterns have proven effective in improving health and preventing disease. However, Indonesia faces complex nutritional challenges, including a high prevalence of stunting in children and rising obesity rates in adults. Stunting is primarily caused by limited access to nutritious food and lack of nutritional knowledge, while obesity is associated with high-calorie diets and low physical activity. This study suggests increasing nutrition education, access to nutritious food, and promoting healthy lifestyles as essential steps to address nutritional problems in Indonesia and improve the overall quality of life.  

Pruritus, or itching, is a common symptom in seniors that has a significant impact on their quality of life. Primary skin disorders such as xerosis, atopic dermatitis, and scabies, as well as systemic diseases such as cancer, chronic renal failure, cholestasis, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, iron deficiency anemia, and certain medications, can cause this condition. Chronic pruritus, which is common in individuals over 60 years of age, can cause discomfort, sleep disturbances, and psychological stress. This activity uses the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) methodology to screen for pruritus intensity in the elderly in St. Anna. One individual (2.4%) reported mild pruritus, while 12 individuals (29.3%) reported severe pruritus. Routine assessment using the 12-PSS provides important information for managing pruritus in the elderly, meeting clinical and research needs, and improving patient care and quality of life.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that the global population aged over 60 years will increase from 900 million in 2015 to 2 billion in 2050. This demographic is particularly vulnerable to disease and disability, with declining haemoglobin levels long considered a consequence of aging. Nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, kidney disease, haematological malignancies, and anemia of unknown cause can all contribute to anemia in the elderly. This significantly impacts physical performance, cognitive function, and overall health. We carried out this activity at St. Francis Assisi, Jakarta, with 36 participants. We perform a physical examination and a complete blood count, including haemoglobin and hematocrit levels, to detect nemia. Among the 36 participants, 18 people (50%) had mild anaemia, 6 people (16.7%) had moderate anaemia, and 1 person (2.8%) had very severe anaemia. Anaemia in the elderly can cause severe health consequences, including physical and cognitive decline, increased hospitalisations, and death. Routine screening for haemoglobin and hematocrit levels is essential for early detection and intervention, improving quality of life and health outcomes for older adults.