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Teachers' skills in opening and closing lessons have an important role in creating an effective and conducive learning atmosphere, especially in supporting the development of children's creativity. Opening the lesson in an interesting way can arouse students' curiosity, motivate them, and prepare their minds to receive the material being taught. Meanwhile, closing lessons creatively provides opportunities for students to reflect on learning, strengthen understanding, and develop innovative new ideas. Teachers can use various strategies in both stages, such as the use of interactive media, exploration-based activities, and reflective approaches. Opening lessons that are relevant and contextual helps create a closer connection between students and the learning material. In addition, creative closure encourages children to think critically, analyze information, and produce creative solutions to various problems. Thus, the skills of opening and closing a lesson serve not only as a technical element in teaching, but also as a way to develop students' overall creative potential. Teachers who are skilled in this aspect are able to create interesting, interactive and meaningful learning experiences, thus supporting the development of children's creativity to face future challenges.

This study aims to describe the characteristics of cognitive, social, and moral development of children aged 4–13 years and identify the challenges faced during their development process. Using a qualitative approach based on literature studies, data were obtained from various relevant academic sources. The results of the study indicate that cognitive development involves logical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are influenced by social and environmental interactions. Social development is influenced by parenting patterns, peer relationships, and media exposure, while moral development involves understanding the values ​​of right and wrong supported by the school and community environment. Children face various challenges, such as difficulties in emotional regulation, the negative impact of social media, and limited learning abilities. This study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between parents, educators, and the community to create an environment that supports children's holistic growth.

Global phenomena highlight the increasing attention to entrepreneurship as a solution to reduce unemployment and promote sustainable economic growth (SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth). On a local level, vocational high school (SMK) graduates in Indonesia face the challenge of low entrepreneurial intention, which has the potential to exacerbate youth unemployment rates. This study aims to explore entrepreneurship learning strategies and the contribution of teacher behavior in shaping the entrepreneurial intentions of SMK students through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The novelty of this research lies in integrating two key elements—innovative learning strategies and teacher behavior as role models—which have been minimally discussed in previous literature. The urgency of this research stems from its contribution to SDG 4 (Quality Education), by strengthening entrepreneurship education as a foundation for developing a competitive workforce. The method employed in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which involves collecting and analyzing relevant journal articles using VOSviewer software based on selected keywords. The findings indicate that project-based and collaborative learning approaches enable students to directly experience real-world business challenges, such as developing business ideas and working in teams to solve practical problems. Teacher behavior, serving as both facilitator and motivator, plays a crucial role in encouraging students to dream big, believe in their abilities, and view entrepreneurship as an attractive career path. The implications of this research provide practical insights for educators and policymakers in designing effective entrepreneurship curricula while supporting the SDG agenda, particularly in promoting quality education, decent work, and inclusive economic growth. This study contributes to the reinforcement of sustainable entrepreneurship education in Indonesia.

Global phenomena highlight the increasing attention to entrepreneurship as a solution to reduce unemployment and promote sustainable economic growth (SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth). On a local level, vocational high school (SMK) graduates in Indonesia face the challenge of low entrepreneurial intention, which has the potential to exacerbate youth unemployment rates. This study aims to explore entrepreneurship learning strategies and the contribution of teacher behavior in shaping the entrepreneurial intentions of SMK students through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The novelty of this research lies in integrating two key elements—innovative learning strategies and teacher behavior as role models—which have been minimally discussed in previous literature. The urgency of this research stems from its contribution to SDG 4 (Quality Education), by strengthening entrepreneurship education as a foundation for developing a competitive workforce. The method employed in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which involves collecting and analyzing relevant journal articles using VOSviewer software based on selected keywords. The findings indicate that project-based and collaborative learning approaches enable students to directly experience real-world business challenges, such as developing business ideas and working in teams to solve practical problems. Teacher behavior, serving as both facilitator and motivator, plays a crucial role in encouraging students to dream big, believe in their abilities, and view entrepreneurship as an attractive career path. The implications of this research provide practical insights for educators and policymakers in designing effective entrepreneurship curricula while supporting the SDG agenda, particularly in promoting quality education, decent work, and inclusive economic growth. This study contributes to the reinforcement of sustainable entrepreneurship education in Indonesia.

Identifying key principles in Jesus' teaching method that are relevant to the concept of active learning. Analyzing how these principles can be integrated into the practice of Christian character education for students. Exploring the potential impact of implementing an active learning model based on Jesus' example on the formation of Christian character in students. This study adopted a qualitative approach with a literature study design and narrative analysis. This method was chosen because of its ability to explore in depth abstract concepts and analyze narrative texts that are at the heart of Jesus' teaching. google scholer, especially the narrative of Jesus' teaching in the Gospels. Secondary data sources include academic literature on character education, active learning, and studies on Jesus' teaching method. Active learning is a way or strategy of learning that allows students to interact, solve problems, to learn naturally. The Active Learning Approach is a teaching strategy that encourages students to interact, solve problems, and achieve realization naturally. Active learning, often known as active learning, is a type of education in which students engage students who are active in the learning process. Actively participate in the learning process. This study shows that Jesus' teaching method offers an active learning model that is very relevant and effective for building Christian character. Key principles such as the use of imagery, reflective inquiry, direct experience, and contextualization can be effectively integrated into contemporary Christian character education practices.

This study was undertaken in response to the deficient cognitive abilities of students. The problem in this study is whether there is an influence of the project-based learning (PjBL) model, which is assisted by blended learning, on improving students' critical thinking skills in class VIII of SMP Negeri 04 Paleleh Barat. This study aims to determine whether the project-based learning (PjBL) model is assisted by blended learning in students' critical thinking skills in class VIII of SMP Negeri 04 Paleleh Barat. This study was performed in SMP Negeri 04 Paleleh Barat between April to May 2024, employing a quasi-experimental methodology. The sample in this study consisted of class VIII-A as the experimental group and class VIII-B as the control group. Both classes will undergo a learning outcome assessment comprising a pretest and a posttest. The data analysis revealed that the project-based learning (PjBL) paradigm, augmented by blended learning, significantly influenced students' critical thinking skills on the human excretory system in class VIII at SMP Negeri 04 Paleleh Barat. This is derived from the t-test results obtained using IBM SPSS for Windows version 2.2, with a significance value. If the p-value (2-tailed) is less than the significance level (alpha) of 0.05, specifically 0.002 < 0.05, then the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted.

The problem in this study is that students of class XI SMK Negeri 1 Tomohon do not get learning guidelines, namely task cards containing basic motion concepts on the kopstand in floor gymnastics. Students lack the opportunity to learn in the realm of knowledge and movement skills; namely the absence of interaction (feedback) as observers and performers of motion in the learning process of basic movements on the kopstand in floor gymnastics. The research method used in this research is the experimental method, the research design used is “Pre-test and post-test randomized control group design”. The population in this study were students of class XI SMK Negeri 1 Tomohon, totaling 194 students. The sample in this study amounted to 40 students. The instrument used was “basic movement ability test on kopstand in floor gymnastics”. The data obtained were tested with the t test with a confidence level of α = 0.05. The conclusions in this study are: tcount = 8.7049 > ttable = 2.0243. Based on the testing criteria, if the tcount is greater than the ttable (tcount> ttable), then H0 is rejected, which means HA is accepted so that “The application of the reciprocal teaching style has a significant effect on increasing mastery of basic movements on the kopstand in floor gymnastics in class XI students of SMK Negeri 1 Tomohon”.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of cooperative learning strategies in developing students' collaboration skills in learning in SD/MI based on a literature review. Cooperative learning is considered relevant because learning requires students to work together in groups to find solutions to problems given to them. The method used in this research is a literature study, where researchers collect and analyze various literature sources related to contextual learning and its application in learning. These sources include books, scientific journals, and previous research that supports contextual learning theory and practice. The results of this literature review show that cooperative learning strategies can increase student involvement and student collaboration skills in learning. Thus, this strategy can encourage student involvement in group activities and collaboration, forming a learning environment that supports the development of various crucial skills.

This research aims to identify and synthesize previous research related to optimizing Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in improving students' critical thinking skills in mathematics learning through a systematic literature review. Data was collected from relevant scientific articles published in the last 10 years using certain keywords through databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. The results of the literature review show that the application of PBL consistently plays a role in improving students' critical thinking abilities, especially when supported by strategies such as the use of relevant contextual problems, structured feedback, and directed teacher guidance. These findings confirm the constructivist theory which states that meaningful learning occurs when students are actively involved in authentic problem solving. However, there are variations in results across educational levels and countries, indicating the importance of contextual adaptation in the implementation of PBL. In addition, the lack of comprehensive practical guidance and long-term evaluation instruments is a major obstacle. The conclusions of this research emphasize the need to develop clearer PBL implementation guidelines and more accurate evaluation instruments to measure its impact on students' critical thinking abilities, as well as the potential of PBL in improving the quality of mathematics learning that encourages critical thinking skills as an important competency in 21st century education.

This research aims to explore the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model in an effort to improve the learning outcomes of class X IPS E students at SMA Negeri 10 Medan, especially in geographic research material. The background to this research is revealed by the low learning achievement of students, where only 40% of them achieved the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM). PBL was chosen as an approach because this method can encourage students to actively participate in the learning process through solving real problems, which is expected to improve their critical thinking skills and conceptual understanding. This research methodology involves systematic planning, data collection through observations and tests, and comprehensive data analysis. The research results show that the implementation of PBL significantly improves student learning outcomes. In the first cycle, there was an increase in understanding of concepts and evaluation values, which further developed in the second cycle with better results. This research concludes that PBL is effective in improving student learning outcomes in geography material and recommends teachers to apply innovative learning methods in the teaching and learning process.  

This research discusses the optimization of implementing collaborative learning in the topic of norms and rules, integrating the Problem Based Learning (PBL) approach and Kahoot games with with assessments conducted both in groups and individually, along with observations by an observer. The study was conducted at MIN 1 Balikpapan with 28 students consisting of 12 male students and 16 female students. The assessment was designed to enhance students’ conceptual understanding and social skills through innovative and interactive methods. Observation results show that students are able to communicate and work together effectively in groups, while the presentation and question and answer stages encourage critical thinking skills and self-confidence. The group-based Kahoot game created a fun and competitive atmosphere, increasing students’ motivation and engagement in learning. Individual evaluations conducted at the end of the assessment measured the extent of students' understanding after the collaborative learning process. Overall, this assessment approach successfully fostered an active learning environment that supported the development of students' understanding of the material, social skills, and independent learning abilities. Final results showed that 29% of students achieved a perfect score of 100, 32% scored 90, 21% scored 80, and 14% achieved a passing grade with a score of 70. Only 4% of students did not meet the passing criteria, scoring 60. These findings demonstrate that the majority of students were able to achieve satisfactory learning outcomes.  

Educational supervision in elementary schools is an activity to improve the quality of learning in elementary schools. Educational supervision must also adapt to existing technological developments. For its implementation, supervision is carried out through various processes in the aspect of problem solving that aims to increase teacher effectiveness and efficiency. In addition, it also functions to improve the quality of learning in Indonesia which until now has not met the standards and is far from what is expected. The role of supervision here is responsible for improving teacher learning by following the development of science and technology and the use of supervision techniques. Based on the results of the data analysis, it was obtained that Educational Supervision has a role in the quality of teaching. In this article, the literature study method is used. This article will discuss the role of educational supervision in improving the quality of learning. This article will discuss the definition of educational supervision, the role of educational supervision in improving the quality of learning. The implementation of supervision is expected to run well so that the implementation of learning. Therefore, a supervisor needs to have an understanding and awareness of educational supervision. This article aims to describe the concept of educational supervision to improve the quality of learning in the era of independent learning. This study aims to analyze the role of supervision in improving the quality of continuous learning at SD 089 PANYABUNGAN. Identification of potential and individual teacher needs through observation and coaching processes allows for the preparation of targeted professional development programs. Including. Implementation of innovative learning methods is encouraged through supervisory support that provides related resources and training.

The rapid advancement of technology has made artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative chatbots, an integral part of everyday life. These chatbots, powered by Natural Language Processing (NLP) and deep learning technologies, are widely used in various fields such as customer service, education, and entertainment. However, the increasing prevalence of such technologies brings forth important philosophical concerns, particularly in the realm of axiology—the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of values, including the practical and ethical implications of knowledge and technology. This study investigates the practical benefits and ethical responsibilities associated with generative chatbots, using ChatGPT as a case study. The research examines whether ChatGPT adheres to the axiological principles of science, specifically its usefulness in enhancing human life and its ethical responsibilities. Through a qualitative content analysis, this research evaluates the responses of ChatGPT to a series of questions based on the axiological framework outlined by Sumantri. The study focuses on two main aspects of science's axiological evaluation: the practical benefits of science and technology, and the ethical responsibilities tied to their application. The findings indicate that ChatGPT is capable of providing useful insights that contribute to human understanding, improve quality of life, simplify complex tasks, and offer solutions to various problems. However, the ethical considerations of AI technology, such as fairness, transparency, and accountability, remain a crucial area of concern. This research highlights the importance of balancing technological progress with ethical responsibility, emphasizing that AI systems like ChatGPT must be developed and applied in ways that align with human values to ensure their positive impact on society.

Classroom management is one of the important skills that a teacher must have to understand, analyze, make decisions, and take action to create a dynamic and conducive classroom atmosphere. Learning model planning is one of the indicators to support the success of a learning goal by analyzing student needs. For students, physics is a complicated lesson, often they avoid or fear this lesson. The Problem Based Learning (PBL) model is the most appropriate model to apply because this learning approach by implementing an authentic problem (real experience with what students often encounter or find in life) to students. This research is based on the literature review method by collecting data from various journals and previous scientific sources. The process in this method includes searching for literature relevant to the topic. The results show that physics learning using the PBL method shows very significant results, the PBL method students are able to understand concepts in depth compared to conventional learning or lectures.

Innovation in the education sector has become increasingly important alongside the rapid advancement of digital technology, which has enabled the emergence of various platforms and applications designed to enhance teaching and learning quality. One area significantly impacted by this transformation is educational evaluation, where digital solutions offer more efficient, accurate, and data-driven assessment processes. This study aims to identify and analyze the role of the Evaloexam application in driving educational innovation while fostering the development of technological entrepreneurship among its users. The research employed a quantitative methodology using a survey approach involving educators and students at the senior high school (SMA) level who actively utilize the Evaloexam platform. A total of 100 respondents were selected through random sampling techniques, and data were collected over one month using structured online questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods to measure user perceptions, system effectiveness, and innovation impact. The findings indicate that Evaloexam plays a significant role in facilitating educational evaluation processes by streamlining exam administration, automating grading, and providing analytical insights into student performance. These capabilities contribute to improved efficiency, reduced administrative workload, and more objective assessment practices. Furthermore, the application encourages the development of technological entrepreneurship by stimulating user interest in digital product innovation, educational technology development, and technology-based problem solving. The results are consistent with prior studies emphasizing the positive relationship between technology integration and improvements in educational effectiveness and operational efficiency. Practically, this research suggests that Evaloexam and similar digital evaluation platforms hold strong potential for broader implementation within educational systems to support innovation ecosystems and technology-driven learning environments. However, this study is limited by its relatively small sample size, focus on a single application, and short data collection timeframe. Future research is recommended to involve larger and more diverse populations, extended study durations, and comparative analyses across multiple evaluation platforms to obtain more comprehensive findings.

This research aims to determine the influence of applying problem solving learning methods on student learning outcomes in the class X Islamic Cultural History subject. The type of research used is quantitative research using a Pre-Experimental design (one-group-pretest-posttest Design). The population in this study was 253 and the sample in this study was 53. The sampling technique used by researchers was Cluster Sampling. The research results obtained based on the results of the paired samples t-test analysis obtained a sig value. (2-tailed) of 0.000 with a significance level of α=0.05, which means 0.000 <0.05, so Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Meanwhile, it is known that the data df=31, the significance level α=0.05, the t-count value = 24.002 and the t-table = 2.021 so it can be stated that the t-count value is greater than the t-table meaning 24.002>2.021 with a correlation level of 0.960 . So Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, meaning the influence of problem solving learning methods on student learning outcomes in SKI subjects in class is -0.041 (experimental class posttest = 84.84 and control class posttest = 59.05) which means the average score for the experimental class posttest is higher than the control class posttest. Thus it can be concluded that the problem solving method influences student learning outcomes in the SKI class X MAN 3 Banyuwangi subject.

The social media-based Problem Based Learning (PBL) model is an innovative approach in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning that utilizes digital platforms to build more interesting and relevant learning interactions. This study aims to examine the extent of the effectiveness of this model in improving students' understanding of Islamic values, such as morals, ethics, and morals. By using social media, students are invited to discuss and solve problems related to current issues, making the learning process more contextual and experience-based. This research was conducted by literature study method, analyzing various literature related to the implementation of the PBL model, the use of social media in education, and its role in the formation of Islamic character. The results of the study show that this model is able to increase students' involvement in learning and deepen their appreciation of Islamic values through active interaction and critical reflection. However, the implementation of this model is inseparable from challenges such as disruption from irrelevant content, lack of digital literacy, and limited access to technology. To overcome this, good social media management, supervision of student activities, and improvement of digital infrastructure in schools are needed. With the right approach, the social media-based PBL model has the potential to be an effective strategy in building students' Islamic character in the digital era.

This article discusses the urgency of reconstructing interactive and digital-based educational methodologies as a solution to face the ever-changing developments of the times. By looking at the challenges of stagnant traditional education, such as methodological conservatism and lack of utilization of technology, this article uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to explore various studies related to the use of digital platforms in education. Through an analysis of digital media such as Kahoot! and Duolingo, it highlights how interactive features can increase student engagement, motivate learning, and strengthen critical thinking. Some solutions to overcome the problems of digital media education include; improving technological infrastructure, digital competency training for teachers, and integrating technology with the curriculum as a whole.

Simple present tense is the part of the tense that must mastered by students in learning English if students have not fully understood the material of simple present tense then it can result in the achievement of student learning outcomes, see the formulation of the problem in this study, namely: what kind of difficulty students have in using simple present tense. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method that aims to determine the difficulties of students in using simple present tense by grade XI IPA 1 students. Data collection in this study was a questionnaire consisting of 20 students as a source of data in research. The result showed that there were 3 aspects of students difficulty in using simple present tense, including grammar, use of simple present and adverb of time. based on the research data obtained there are 3 students who choose the least correct answer (on grammar) then on (use of simple present) there are 1 students who choose the least correct answer and for (adverb of time) there were 8 students who answered the statement although not all were answered correctly. This shows that for all three aspects of this study, adverb of time is one of the levels of difficulty faced by students in learning tenses. Meanwhile, for the overall percentage of students in understanding and using simple present there are 18.06% (in grammar), then 37.3% (in use simple present) and the last 45% (in adverb of time).

This research aimed to improve students’ activities and learning outcomes of Mathematics in solving problems related to money on chapter whole numbers up to 100.000 by using project-based learning integrated with social emotional learning (SEL) for students at class 5 in SDN Pilangrejo 02. This research used classroom action research which carried out in 2 cycles. Each cycle was carried out in 4 stages, includes planning, action, observation, and reflection. This research used observation, tests and documentation as the instruments. The data analysis used qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The result of this study showed the percentage of students’ activity in cycle I reached 58.84% and increased 87.23% in cycle II. The percentage of learning outcomes in pre-test (pre-cycle) reached 27.28% with average score of 60, it increased 72.23% with average score of 80 in post-test (cycle I), and increased to 90% with average score of 93 in post-test (cycle II). So, it concluded that the implementation of Project Based Learning integrated with Social Emotional Learning (SEL) can improve the students’ activities and learning outcomes of mathematics subjects at class 5 in SDN Pilangrejo 02.