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The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought about significant changes in higher education, particularly in how students acquire, understand, and manage academic information. This study aims to deeply understand students' experiences using AI as a learning tool and explore how they interpret the technology's role in supporting academic activities. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used, with three informants selected purposively from various study programs actively using AI. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that students view AI as an effective tool for improving learning efficiency, deepening conceptual understanding, and motivating them to be more independent and creative. However, challenges were also identified, including dependence on technology, doubts about the accuracy of information, and concerns about academic ethics violations such as digital plagiarism. Student experiences also demonstrate that AI plays a dual role as both a learning tool and a cognitive partner in the modern learning process. Therefore, the use of AI needs to be directed wisely and accompanied by strong digital literacy to balance technological convenience and the development of critical thinking skills. These findings emphasize the importance of adaptive, humanistic, and ethical learning strategies in the era of digital higher education transformation.

This community service program aims to enhance teachers’ competence in developing Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)-based assessment items to support improved performance in the Computer-Based National Assessment (ANBK) at SMP Negeri Kletek. The main problem faced by the partner school is the limited understanding of teachers in designing assessment instruments that measure higher-order thinking skills, as well as insufficient ability to develop literacy- and numeracy-oriented questions aligned with ANBK characteristics. This condition has resulted in suboptimal learning evaluation quality and limited student readiness for national assessment. The program employed a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, emphasizing the active involvement of participants throughout all stages. The implementation included the planning stage through needs assessment and problem identification, the action stage through training and mentoring in HOTS-based item development, the observation stage through evaluation of participants’ work, and the reflection stage to identify achievements and challenges. Data were collected using pre-test and post-test, observation, and reflective discussions. The results indicate an improvement in teachers’ understanding and skills in developing HOTS-based items, as reflected in higher post-test scores. Teachers were able to design competency-based blueprints, contextual stimuli, and analytical, evaluative, and creative questions. This program effectively strengthens teachers’ professional competence and school readiness for ANBK.

This study examines the relationship between suffering in Job 1–21 and God's sovereignty in the Old Testament. The problem arises from the tension between the theology of retribution that links suffering to sin and the reality that the righteous can also suffer. Job is a key figure in understanding this theological dilemma. This study uses a qualitative method with a biblical exegetical approach through analysis of historical context, literary structure, and theological meaning. The primary data comes from the text of Job 1–21, supported by relevant theological literature. The analysis is conducted descriptively and analytically to find the relationship between suffering and God's sovereignty. The results show that Job's suffering is not a direct result of sin, but rather occurs within the scope of God's sovereignty that transcends human understanding. This text also critiques the rigid understanding of the theology of retribution and emphasizes that faith is rooted in trust, not merely rational understanding. Job's perseverance demonstrates that suffering can be a means of faith growth as well as a test that deepens humanity's relationship with God. This study emphasizes that suffering is part of God's sovereign plan and encourages believers to remain faithful and persevere amidst the uncertainties and struggles of life.

Gerakan Tutup Mulut (GTM), or “Refusal to Eat,” is a common nutritional problem among toddlers and contributes to reduced nutrient intake and an increased risk of malnutrition. Preliminary observations at Posyandu Aster 11 Way Kandis, Bandar Lampung, indicated that mothers had low levels of knowledge regarding the causes of GTM and limited exposure to responsive feeding education. This community service activity aimed to improve mothers’ understanding of the factors contributing to GTM and to introduce pisang barongko as an innovative, nutritious snack option to help prevent GTM. The methods utilized included educational sessions through leaflets, presentations, video demonstrations, and pretest–posttest evaluation using the Wilcoxon test. The activity involved 25 participants and resulted in an improvement in knowledge scores from an average of 66 to 94.8, demonstrating a significant increase of 28.80 (p < 0.05). High participant enthusiasm, effective material delivery, and the availability of educational outputs such as videos and leaflets supported the success of the program. These findings highlight the importance of nutrition education based on local food resources as a practical and sustainable strategy to prevent GTM in children.

History learning plays a strategic role in developing students’ critical, analytical, and reflective thinking skills. However, instructional practices that still emphasize memorization of facts often fail to foster higher-order thinking abilities. This article aims to examine the implementation of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)-based history learning as an effort to support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, namely quality education. The HOTS approach in history learning emphasizes students’ abilities to analyze, evaluate, and create through activities such as interpreting historical sources, solving contextual problems, and engaging in critical discussions of past events. The method used in this study is a literature review by analyzing various sources related to HOTS-based learning strategies and their implementation in history education. The findings indicate that the application of HOTS enhances student engagement, deepens conceptual understanding, and fosters historical awareness relevant to contemporary life. In addition, HOTS-based learning encourages students to develop reflective thinking and make better-informed decisions. The implementation of HOTS in history learning aligns with the principles of SDG 4, which emphasize inclusive, equitable, and quality education. Therefore, integrating HOTS into history instruction not only improves the quality of the learning process but also contributes to the development of a generation that is critical, creative, and adaptive in facing global challenges.

Inflectional morphemes are of great importance in linguistic analysis, especially when applied to speech delivered in various contexts. We explore the complexity of inflectional morphemes through an analysis of Linda McMahon’s Speech script titled “Our Department’s Final Mission.” Inflectional morphemes are also known as grammatical morphemes, as their primary function is to provide grammatical information about a word without altering its core meaning or lexical category. These inflectional morphemes include possessive morphemes (-‘s/s’), plural morphemes (-s/es), third-person singular present morphemes (-s), past morphemes(-d/ed), present/progressive particles (-ing), past participle (-en), comparative particles (-er), and superlative particles (-est). Therefore, this study focuses on understanding the types of inflectional morphemes used in Linda McMahon’s speech script. The main theory of inflectional morphemes is based on an understanding of grammatical function, affixation processes, and categories in the language system. The researcher identified 7 categories of inflectional morphemes. The result showed that 99 inflectional morphemes were found in Linda McMahon’s speech script. There were 46 plural morphemes (-s), 26 present/progressive particle morphemes (-ing), 19 past tense morphemes (-ed), 4 possessive morphemes (-‘s/s’), 2 third-person singular present morphemes (-s),1 comparative morpheme (-er), and 1 superlative morpheme (-est). It can be conclude that the most dominant category in the analysis is the plural morpheme (-s) and the least dominant is the comparative (-er) and superlative (-est) morpheme. Its is hoped that this study can provide solutions in determining the types of inflectional morphemes in a speech script.

This community service activity aims to improve teenagers' self-management skills through the program “Remaja Jago: Kelola Diri Tanpa Drama”. The program was specifically designed to provide a practical and applicable understanding for youth on how to recognize their own potential, manage emotions effectively, organize time efficiently, and make wise and responsible decisions in daily life. The activity was carried out at Vihara Dhamma Bhakti Tangerang with 20 participants aged 13–20 years, representing a diverse range of educational and social backgrounds. Methods included interactive lectures, engaging educational games, structured group discussions, and guided self-reflection sessions to encourage active participation and deeper personal insight. Evaluation results showed a significant improvement in participants’ decision-making abilities, personal discipline, emotional control, and goal-setting skills after completing the program. In addition, participants demonstrated increased self-confidence and awareness of their strengths and weaknesses. Overall, this program effectively contributes to developing independent, disciplined, and responsible youth character, while also equipping them with essential life skills needed to face various personal and social challenges in the future.

The use of digital technology in MSMEs is still uneven, especially in small businesses that still rely on manual recording such as at Toko Ibu Siti, so that the transaction process becomes slow and there is a risk of errors. This activity aims to implement an on-premise-based cashier system that is in accordance with business conditions and helps improve user understanding in operating it. The method used is qualitative descriptive with a participatory approach through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The results of the activity show that there are quite clear changes, where the transaction process becomes faster, recording is neater, and the stock of goods is easier to monitor. In addition, users can run the system independently after training, with a response that tends to be positive. The implementation of this system also encourages technology adaptation in the business environment, improves the accuracy of sales data, and enables business owners to make more effective information-based decisions. Overall, the implementation of this system is able to help improve work efficiency, reduce human error, and encourage the use of technology in small-scale businesses so as to support the sustainable growth of MSMEs.

This study investigates the use of derivational morphemes in David Goggins' motivational speech, “12 Minutes to Change Your Life,” featured on Huberman's podcast. Derivational morphemes, which create new words and alter grammatical categories, are essential in understanding language development and communication. Despite extensive research on derivational morphemes in various texts, there is limited analysis of their usage in motivational speeches. This study addresses this gap by analyzing Goggins' speech, focusing on identifying and classifying derivational morphemes. Using qualitative methods, the speech was transcribed, and words containing derivational morphemes were analyzed based on the theories of Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams (2011). The findings reveal 23 instances of derivational morphemes, divided into class-changing and class-maintaining categories. Notable transformations include adjectives to adverbs, verbs to nouns, and adjectives to nouns, with the most frequent being adjectives to adverbs. The study provides insights into the function and impact of derivational morphemes in spoken motivational content, contributing to the broader understanding of morphology in language use.

The hospitality industry is a dynamic sector that demands housekeeping staff to have high adaptability to changes in technology, operational procedures, and guest expectations. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of workplace adaptability training in increasing the understanding and adaptation readiness of housekeeping staff at PT X. The research method used was a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test model. Training participants included various job levels, from staff to supervisors. The intervention was carried out through the delivery of conceptual material, discussion of operational case studies, and online reflective sessions. The comparative test results showed a significant difference between the participants' level of understanding before and after the training. All participants experienced a consistent increase in scores, indicating that this training was effective in building employees' cognitive capacity and adaptive behavior. However, the effectiveness of this training needs to be supported by inclusive organizational policies, fair compensation systems, and protection against work risks to reduce the turnover rate of new and daily workers. The study concludes that adaptability training is a vital investment for hotel operational resilience amidst market dynamics.

Catholic marriage in Indonesia occupies a unique legal position because it is governed simultaneously by state law and canon law. Indonesian positive law recognizes marriage based on religious law and regulates its civil consequences, including divorce. However, Catholic canon law does not recognize divorce as the dissolution a valid and sacramental marriage. This dual legal framework has led widespread misunderstandings among Catholic faithful and legal practitioners, particularly regarding the legal consequences of civil divorce. This study aims to analyze the legal status of Catholic marriage within Indonesia’s dual legal system and examine the juridical implications of civil divorce Catholic marital status under canon law. This research employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative normative approaches. The findings demonstrate that civil divorce functions solely as the termination of civil legal relations under state law and does not dissolve the marital bond according to canon law. The study further reveals that prevailing misconceptions stem from reductive understanding Catholic marriage merely an administrative legal event. This article contributes to legal scholarship by clarifying the normative boundaries between state law and canon law and emphasizes the need for comprehensive legal understanding to prevent recurring juridical misunderstandings in Catholic marriage practices in Indonesia.

This community service activity aims to enhance students’ competencies in business management, production, and operations through an industrial visit to PT. XYZ. The activity involved 65 students from the Entrepreneurship Study Program of Universitas Negeri Medan and was conducted in December 2025. The method used was experiential learning, allowing students to gain direct exposure to real industrial practices. The stages of the activity included preparation, implementation of the industrial visit, observation and data analysis, and evaluation and reflection. The results of the activity indicate significant improvements in five key areas: understanding of business management, production processes, operations management, development of soft skills, and increased entrepreneurial motivation and interest. Students were able to connect theoretical knowledge with real-world applications, thereby enhancing their analytical and practical abilities. In addition, the activity contributed to the development of communication skills, teamwork, critical thinking, and professional attitudes. Overall, this program demonstrates that industrial visits are an effective learning strategy in entrepreneurship education to produce competent, adaptive, and competitive graduates.

This community service program aims to improve adolescents’ financial literacy through an educational initiative entitled “Smart Teens: Managing Money Without Drama”, conducted for the youth of Vihara Dhamma Bhakti Tangerang. The program is motivated by the relatively low level of financial literacy among adolescents, which may lead to consumptive behavior and a lack of personal financial management skills from an early age. The methods employed include interactive lectures, financial management simulations, and group discussions covering basic financial planning, saving habits, and expense control. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of fundamental financial concepts, such as managing allowances, the importance of saving, and the ability to distinguish between needs and wants. Furthermore, participants demonstrated more responsible attitudes in making financial decisions. This program is expected to serve as an effective community-based financial literacy education model in fostering healthy financial behavior among adolescents.

This study explores how social media–driven green marketing shapes sustainable consumer behavior through a systematic literature review. As concerns about sustainability intensify alongside rapid digital engagement, social media has emerged as a crucial platform for communicating environmental initiatives and influencing consumer responses. Despite this relevance, existing studies remain fragmented across theoretical, contextual, and methodological perspectives, limiting a holistic understanding of the topic. Using the PRISMA approach, this research reviews 42 empirical articles sourced from the Scopus database and analyzes them through the TCCM (Theory–Context–Characteristics–Method) framework. The findings show that most studies rely on intention-based theories, particularly the Theory of Planned Behavior, although there is a growing shift toward integrating social, psychological, and technology-oriented approaches. From a contextual standpoint, the literature is largely concentrated in Asian regions and younger demographics, which restricts broader generalization. Furthermore, results indicate that social media–driven green marketing does not directly affect sustainable behavior but works through important psychological mediators such as trust, engagement, and perceived value. These factors significantly influence how consumers interpret and respond to environmental messages online. The effectiveness of such marketing strategies is also shaped by cultural and demographic differences, making context a critical factor. Methodologically, most studies employ cross-sectional surveys and structural equation modeling, limiting the ability to capture causal and dynamic relationships. Overall, this study provides a structured synthesis, highlights research gaps, and suggests future directions, including cross-cultural analysis, stronger theoretical integration, and more rigorous research designs.

This community service activity aimed to enhance the economic competitiveness of rural communities through inventive entrepreneurship methods. The program was implemented in Batu Putih Village, Mallawa District, Maros Regency, involving 25 participants consisting of MSME actors, housewives, and youth organization members. It was designed as a community empowerment program based on local potential and integrated with digital technology. A participatory approach was applied by involving participants in identifying local resources, exploring business opportunities, developing business ideas, and implementing marketing strategies. The activity stages included mapping local economic potentials, providing entrepreneurship training focused on creativity and innovation, assisting business digitalization through social media and online marketplaces, and evaluating participants’ capacity improvement. Participants were also introduced to basic business management, product packaging, and digital marketing strategies to strengthen product competitiveness. The results showed a significant increase in participants’ entrepreneurial understanding and skills, as reflected in the improvement of test scores from 48% in the pre-test to 87% in the post-test. In addition, 70% of participants successfully developed new products based on local potential, while 60% were able to market their products online. Three new businesses were also established by utilizing local resources sustainably. Overall, inventive entrepreneurship methods proved effective in increasing creativity, productivity, and economic independence among rural communities.

The rapid advancement of digital technology in higher education has transformed learning and assessment systems, particularly through the adoption of Learning Management Systems (LMS) and Computer-Based Tests (CBT). However, many university students still face challenges in adapting to digital examination environments due to limited technical experience and digital literacy. This Community Service Activity (PKM) aims to enhance students’ academic readiness and digital competence through the implementation of a Moodle-based LMS at Universitas Murni Teguh. The activity was conducted in the form of an interactive workshop, including system introduction, simulation of CBT, guided practice, and discussion sessions involving university students and lecturers. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ understanding of LMS features, confidence in using CBT systems, and ability to manage digital-based examinations effectively. Active participation and engagement during the sessions reflected high enthusiasm and adaptability toward digital learning transformation. This activity demonstrates that the implementation of LMS Moodle is effective in improving academic preparedness and digital literacy among students, and can serve as a sustainable model for strengthening technology-based learning in higher education institutions.

This community service program aims to improve adolescents’ financial literacy through an educational initiative entitled “Smart Teens: Managing Money Without Drama”, conducted for the youth of Vihara Dhamma Bhakti Tangerang. The program is motivated by the relatively low level of financial literacy among adolescents, which may lead to consumptive behavior and a lack of personal financial management skills from an early age. The methods employed include interactive lectures, financial management simulations, and group discussions covering basic financial planning, saving habits, and expense control. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of fundamental financial concepts, such as managing allowances, the importance of saving, and the ability to distinguish between needs and wants. Furthermore, participants demonstrated more responsible attitudes in making financial decisions. This program is expected to serve as an effective community-based financial literacy education model in fostering healthy financial behavior among adolescents.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMNeg) in Makariki possess regional economic potential. However, business managers face cash flow recording obstacles. They have not implemented standard bookkeeping. This community service aims to provide training and mentoring in financial document preparation using the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities framework. The implementation method consists of preparation, execution, and evaluation stages. The execution stage includes initial testing, material presentation, interactive discussion, and final testing. Evaluation results indicate this program resolves participants' financial literacy problems. Participants' understanding regarding bookkeeping accounts and calculating profit and loss increased. Participants can compile drafts of income statements, financial positions, and supporting notes independently. In conclusion, intensive mentoring changes participants' mindsets from conventional management to a more structured one. Systematic bookkeeping helps participants separate personal and business assets. These records also serve as administrative requirements to access additional capital from banks or government assistance programs. This program supports the transparency and accountability of village fund management through BUMNeg.

The digital transformation of public administration represents a critical pathway toward modernizing governance, enhancing service delivery, and improving transparency in Indonesian government agencies. This study examines the current state of digital transformation initiatives across various levels of government in Indonesia, identifying key challenges and opportunities in implementing digital technologies within bureaucratic structures. Through a convergent parallel mixed-methods design combining surveys of 245 government officials from 32 agencies and in-depth interviews with 28 digital transformation leaders, this research reveals that while Indonesian government agencies have made significant progress, substantial barriers remain including limited digital infrastructure in remote regions, resistance to organizational change, insufficient digital literacy among civil servants, and inadequate legal frameworks. The overall mean maturity score was 2.87 (SD = 0.74), placing the average agency in the 'developing' category, with only 6% reaching the 'optimizing' level. The study identifies critical success factors: strong leadership commitment (β = 0.38, p < 0.001), citizen-centric design, comprehensive change management, and effective public-private partnerships. Findings indicate that successful digital transformation requires not merely technological adoption but fundamental organizational restructuring and cultural shifts toward data-driven decision-making and collaborative governance. Policy recommendations address digital infrastructure investment, human capital development, governance reform, and shared platform utilization. This research contributes to theoretical understanding of digital government in developing nations and provides practical guidance for policymakers navigating the complexities of public sector digitalization.

Non-profit organization financial reports are a form of accountability to stakeholders, especially donors and the community. This research aims to analyze the suitability of applying ISAK 335 in preparing financial reports at the Humanitarian Foundation. The research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach through documentation and document analysis. The research results show that the implementation of ISAK 335 can increase the transparency and accountability of financial reports, although there are still obstacles such as limited understanding of accounting standards and a simple recording system. Financial reports in accordance with ISAK 335 are expected to provide a clearer picture of the financial position and activities of nonprofit organizations. Among the challenges identified is the lack of human resources trained in the application of this accounting standard. Therefore, training and coaching for organizational financial managers is essential. Furthermore, the development of a more modern and integrated financial recording system is also needed to support greater transparency and accountability.