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Human rights in the Indonesian political context show a discrepancy between the principles set out in the constitution and their implementation on the ground. While the Indonesian constitution guarantees fundamental rights, various institutional, political and cultural barriers often prevent their effective implementation. This research investigates the dynamics of human rights in the Indonesian political system, highlighting the gap between constitutional norms and their application in practice. Through the analysis of various legal documents and human rights case studies, this article identifies key challenges in the enforcement of human rights in Indonesia. The main results show that while Indonesia's constitution clearly guarantees a range of human rights, there are institutional, political and cultural barriers that hinder the implementation of these rights. The article provides policy recommendations to strengthen human rights protection, including legal reform and capacity building of law enforcement agencies. It discusses the protection of human rights in the Indonesian constitution, its implementation in political practice, as well as cases of violations that have occurred. The Indonesian Constitution guarantees human rights through various provisions listed in the 1945 Constitution, including civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. However, the implementation of human rights in political practice often faces challenges, including corruption, abuse of power, and discriminatory policies. Various cases of human rights violations, such as arbitrary arrests, violence against minorities, and labor rights violations, show the gap between law and practice. Various parties, including the government, non-governmental organizations, civil society, and the international community, play an important role in protecting and promoting human rights in Indonesia. Effective cooperation between these various parties is needed to ensure respect and protection of human rights in all aspects of national life.

The debate on the age limit for presidential and vice-presidential candidates is an important issue in the context of Indonesian democracy. Democracy emphasizes the principles of equality and participation, while meritocracy emphasizes competence and experience. Currently, the minimum age limit for presidential candidates in Indonesia is 35 years old. Debates have arisen over the relevance of this age in the current political context, with arguments in favor of the role of younger generations bringing innovation versus the need for experience and wisdom. This study aims to re-evaluate the age limit for presidential candidates in Indonesia from historical, constitutional and international comparative perspectives, and examine its impact on political dynamics and leadership quality. The research methodology involves literature analysis and recent case studies. The results are expected to contribute significantly to the discussion on the age limit for presidential candidates and its implications for democracy and meritocracy in Indonesia.

Student delinquency cannot be separated from the impact in science that is constructed on the pattern of subject-object relationships. Through the objectivity of the education system in Indonesia, goals, principles, social organizations, teaching methods, assessments, students, curriculum, facilities and funding, this relational pattern is rooted. Violence against children is no longer limited to the private sector, but extends to wider society. Schools are places where violence occurs in children and this is a concern that is often discussed. Not only teachers can commit violence against students, but fellow students themselves can also commit violence against children. Bullying is the form of violence most often perpetrated by female students, and physical violence, such as fighting and threats, is most often perpetrated by female students. There are four times when children are most likely to experience violence. During recess, after school, when changing classes, and when no one is in class. Most violent incidents occur outside the school environment, not within the school environment. One way to prevent bullying at school is to explain the causes of the problem by considering the function and role of education at home, school and society.

Teacher ethics, It refers to a set of moral and professional principles that govern the behavior of teachers in carrying out their duties and responsibilities. Teacher ethics includes aspects such as integrity, honesty, fairness, respect for diversity, and professional obligations towards students and their own profession. Indonesian Teacher Academic Qualification and Competency Standards are set by the government to ensure that teachers have the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to provide quality education. The standards cover various aspects, including minimum academic qualifications, teaching skills, communication skills, classroom management abilities, knowledge of curriculum, and understanding of student needs. The aim of this research is to find out how or to what extent a teacher's code of ethics is an indicator of the success of a teacher's competence who has at least 4 competencies.    

In the rapidly developing digital era, online businesses face increasing challenges to achieve significant profits without sacrificing spending efficiency. To overcome this challenge, an optimal online marketing strategy is needed that can reach the right target market without significantly increasing operational costs. This journal discusses several online marketing strategies that are effective in increasing profits relevant to expenditure. From a deep understanding of the target market to the use of social media and careful data analysis, every step taken is based on the principles of efficiency and effectiveness. By implementing the right marketing strategies, businesses can increase their visibility online, attract more potential customers, and increase sales conversions without having to exceed their available budget. Thus, this journal provides practical guidance for business owners and marketers to achieve success in their online sales without sacrificing profitability.

Democracy is a system of government based on popular sovereignty, while democratic education is the process of teaching people about democracy, including its concepts, principles, and applications. Every citizen, especially the youth, plays a crucial role in shaping the nation's future. However, the younger generation is often less involved in national political and economic affairs, leading to problems that affect society's quality of life. Government actions often fail to have a positive impact on the younger generation and do not prioritize their interests. Consequently, the younger generation fails to grasp the importance of their role in shaping the nation's future and solving the problems they face. The aim of this activity is to equip the younger generation with modern and peaceful education about democracy. Therefore, it is essential to strive for the role of the younger generation in realizing democracy and economic-political stability so that they can play a more active role and have a positive impact on society.

This research aims to analyze the requirements, influencing factors, impacts, and effective solutions for loan management carried out by the Regional Government of Manggarai Regency in 2022. This regional loan analysis was carried out based on the provisions regulated in PP Number 56 of 2018 concerning “Regional Loans”. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The type of research data used is qualitative and quantitative data with primary and secondary data sources. The data collection techniques in this research are interviews and documentation using the data analysis method proposed by Miles and Huberman. The results of this research show that regional loans made by the Manggarai Regency Government meet the requirements stated in PP Number 56 of 2018 Article 15, where the main factor in taking loans is to finance projects that are the development plans of the Manggarai Regency regional head. This regional loan has had a positive impact on infrastructure development and the DSCR value is 2.54 points, which means there is no indication of having a negative impact on the financial health of the Manggarai Regency Government area. The loan management solutions provided by research informants are in accordance with the principles of providing regional loans as stated in PP Number 56 of 2018 Article 3.

This research is personal research and quotes a lot from relevant legal journals regarding the meaning of the principle of legality within the scope of Indonesian criminal law or Indonesian criminal law. The principle of legality in Indonesian Criminal Law aims to protect humans from the arbitrariness of those in power, while in Islamic criminal law the principle of legality aims to glorify humans by preserving offspring, property, reason, soul and religion. Basically, the meaning of the principle of legality in Indonesian criminal law and Islamic criminal law is not much different. However, in Islamic criminal law there is no prohibition on using analogies, whereas in Indonesian criminal law the use of analogies is not permitted.

In the digital era, communication ethics has become increasingly crucial because the rapid development of information and communication technology has changed the way people interact and share information. Digital ethics involves the principles and norms that govern user behavior in creating, disseminating, and consuming content responsibly. Ethics and morals are related to each other. Morals are attitudes or actions while ethics are the values ​​contained therein. So, ethics is a rule of human behavior or habits that emphasizes what is good and what is bad. This research aims to find out how important communication ethics is in the digital era. The research method used is a literature study by collecting various journals and articles related to ethics and communication in the digital era. The results of this research reveal that ethics is very important in this digital era.

Forest and land fires are natural disasters that often occur in Indonesia, especially during the dry season. These fires cause enormous environmental damage, economic losses, and social problems. In fact, large forest and land fires result in devastating smoke impacts beyond state administrative boundaries (transnational disasters).  The type of research that the author will use in this research is normative juridical. The use of this type of normative juridical research is because the object of study is related to legal principles and principles as well as theories and opinions of legal experts. It can be said that normative juridical research is literature research.  In general, forest fires that occur in Indonesia are caused by three main factors, namely fuel conditions, weather and social and cultural conditions of the community. Fuel conditions that are prone to fire hazards are their abundance on the forest floor, relatively low water content (dry), and continuous fuel availability. Climatic factors in the form of temperature, humidity, wind and rainfall also determine fire susceptibility. High temperatures due to direct sunlight cause fuel to dry out and become flammable, high humidity (in forests with dense vegetation) reduces the chance of forest fires occurring, wind also influences the fuel drying process and the speed at which fire spreads while rainfall influences the size of the fire. water contained in the fuel.

The aim of this research is to find out how criminal law regulates and recognizes the spread of hoaxes in the context of election campaigns and to find out how prevention efforts and legal education can be improved to reduce the spread of hoaxes during election campaigns. In this research, the researcher used a normative research method, namely a research method that aims to analyze, interpret and evaluate applicable law or legal principles by referring to theory, doctrine, statutory regulations, court decisions and other legal sources. Social media is the easiest place to share and get various information about the latest things that are currently being discussed and paid attention to by the public. However, as explained previously, not everyone can use social media well and wisely. This can be seen from the rise of hoax news spread on various social media platforms, be it Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Twitter and so on.  

Education is the main foundation in forming the character and intelligence of the nation's next generation. In Indonesia, Pancasila education has a very important role in directing students' moral and ethical development from an early age. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze effective Pancasila education learning strategies for grade 1 SD/MI. This research is qualitative research that uses the literature review method with Google School as a database. Based on the literature review that has been carried out, it can be concluded that creative learning methods, such as stories, games and art activities, are very effective in increasing grade 1 SD/MI students' understanding of the values ​​of Pancasila. These methods not only make the learning process more interesting and enjoyable, but also help students internalize the values ​​taught, develop critical thinking and problem solving skills, and form character in accordance with the principles of Pancasila. The successful implementation of creative learning methods is very dependent on the role of the teacher, family support and the school environment. Therefore, joint efforts are needed from various parties to overcome challenges and maximize the potential for creative learning in Pancasila Education.

The Constitutional Court (MK) of the Republic of Indonesia plays a vital role in upholding the principles of the rule of law and the protection of human rights (HAM). MK operates through the judicial review mechanism to ensure that laws in force do not contradict the 1945 Constitution. Additionally, MK oversees the legislative process, ensuring transparency and public participation. In human rights protection, MK cancels provisions of laws that violate fundamental rights, with significant decisions related to freedom of expression, freedom of religion, and children's rights. MK also protects economic, social, and cultural rights, ensuring equal access for all citizens. Despite facing challenges such as political pressure and legal complexity, MK maintains its integrity through transparency and accountability. Overall, MK ensures that Indonesia remains a democratic and just state governed by the rule of law.

Corruption is often carried out by individuals who hold power, so that the characteristics of corruption crimes are always related to abuse of authority in the context of organized crime. This article aims to analyze the role of State Administrative Law in handling corruption in the public sector. Using the literature study method, this article collects data from various sources such as books, news and journal articles. The discussion includes the importance of administrative law in limiting and controlling excessive power possessed by state officials, as well as the role of bureaucracy in preventing corruption. In addition, this article outlines the types of legal accountability that apply to government officials involved in corruption, as well as the importance of internal and external monitoring in reducing acts of corruption. The principles of good governance and the need to reform the government system were also raised as important steps in eradicating corruption.

The role of morality in public policy and law enforcement, especially in relation to human trafficking, is increasingly important in the digital era. This article discusses the complexity of these challenges and strategies to prevent human trafficking and protect personal data in Indonesia. A holistic approach is needed, with law enforcement paying attention to the dimensions of morality, integrity and moral courage in policy formulation. In a digital era filled with technological changes, public policy must be able to adapt to these developments while still maintaining strong moral principles. This requires a high level of integrity from policymakers and law enforcers to not only comply with technical rules, but also ensure that their actions are driven by the desire to create a fair and safe environment for all individuals. Recommended strategies include increasing border patrols to prevent the entry of illegal immigrants, cross-border cooperation to cut off human trafficking routes, strengthening regulations related to personal data protection, and increasing public awareness about data privacy. It is hoped that cooperation between the government, institutions and society can overcome this challenge to safeguard human rights and national security

This article discusses the principle of justice in teaching and learning interactions (study of Qur'an Surah Al-Maidah Verse 8) and aims to find out the principle of justice in learning interactions according to Al-Qur'an Surah Al-Maidah verse 8 and the relevance of justice in teaching and learning interactions according to Al-Qur'an Surah Al-Maidah verse 8. Data is taken from books or scientific works related to the problems to be discussed in the form of tafsir, the Qur'an, education and justice. Tafsir tahlili is used to interpret the verses of the Qur'an by describing all aspects contained in the verses being interpreted and explaining the meanings included in it according to the expertise and tendency of the mufassir who interpreted the verses. Surah Al-Maidah verse 8 explains about a fair attitude in an effort to uphold the truth because of Allah SWT. In the educational process, educators have a very important role to provide teaching and learning to students. Learners deserve a proper education. Education that does not look at the social level that students have. As a mandate holder, educators are very responsible for educating their students fairly and thoroughly and educating as well as possible and paying attention to humanism values. Because later in time will be held accountable for his work.

Leadership of Joshua in the Bible, highlighting his role, method, results of discussion, and relevance in modern context. Joshua was chosen by God as the successor of Moses, leading the Israelites towards the land of Canaan with courage, steadfastness, and obedience to God's commands. The research method employed was a qualitative approach using literature review, exploring the leadership values of Joshua in the context of the Bible. Joshua's selection by God, preparation and strategies in conquering the Promised Land, and his obedience to God's commands were discussed. There are leadership principles embodied by Joshua, such as firmness, courage, good character, innovation, steadfastness, and moral principles, which are relevant for modern leaders in creating stable and innovative environments. These principles encourage integrity, courage, and the ability to overcome challenges with appropriate solutions, while maintaining focus on the main goals and building strong relationships with the team.

Technological advancements have significantly contributed to the robotics industry, yet mobility remains a challenge that can be addressed with mobile robots. In education, it is crucial to understand the basic principles of robotics and the use of related software and hardware. This research focuses on using a 4WD mobile robot as a learning tool. This robot offers flexibility and is easily controlled via a smartphone with built-in sensors. A smartphone application was developed using App Inventor, an open-source web-based development platform. The HC-05 Bluetooth module was used to connect the smartphone application with the 4WD robot. The goal of this research is to design innovative learning media to aid in understanding the concepts and control of the 4WD robot, as well as to increase students' interest and motivation in learning robotic systems. The results of the research demonstrated success in creating a 4WD robot prototype controllable via an Android smartphone. The distance between the Arduino and smartphone did not significantly affect the robot's movement, although communication was disrupted if the distance exceeded 10 meters. Directional control was achieved through the rotation of the right and left wheels, and sufficient power supply was needed to drive all wheels. Programming with C/C++ and Bluetooth communication functioned as planned. This innovative learning media is expected to help students understand and operate the 4WD mobile robot more effectively

As one of Indonesia's cultural heritage recognized by UNESCO, the Kawung motif holds a wealth of deep aesthetic, philosophical, and symbolic values. Studies on the geometric forms and patterns in the Kawung motif not only offer a better understanding of cultural heritage, but also open up opportunities to explore the relationship between art, mathematics, and philosophy. This research aims to explore the geometric forms and patterns in the Kawung motif in depth, by integrating perspectives from art, mathematics, and philosophy. By analyzing the geometric structure and mathematical principles underlying this motif, as well as relating them to the symbolic and philosophical meanings contained within, it is expected to gain a more holistic understanding of Indonesia's cultural heritage and the intellectual wealth it possesses.

In the context of public policy formation, the role of religion becomes a complex and sensitive subject. This article delves deeper into the dynamics of religion's involvement in the process of shaping public policy, particularly in the context of protecting human rights and strengthening religious moderation. The research identifies that although religion often serves as a source of values and principles in policy formation, tensions between protecting individual human rights and reinforcing moderate religious values often arise. Through literature analysis and case studies, this article attempts to elucidate how religion's involvement affects the policy formation process, both directly and indirectly, and its impact on society. By understanding this complexity, it is hoped that pathways can be opened for finding solutions that strengthen diversity, respect human rights, and promote moderation in the context of public policies related to religion..