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Hospitals need to make various efforts to improve the quality of service in order to attract new patients and retain them. However, retaining existing patients is more difficult than attracting new patients. This study aims to analyze the effect of brand repositioning and social media communication on revisit intention with hospital brand gestalt as an intervening variable at Unimedika Sepatan Hospital, Tangerang. Brand repositioning and communication through social media are important strategies in increasing patient loyalty and intention to reuse hospital services. Hospital brand gestalt, which reflects the patient's holistic perception of the hospital brand, is hypothesized as a factor mediating the relationship between brand repositioning, social media communication, and revisit intention. The research method used is quantitative with a survey approach to 260 respondents who have used Unimedika Sepatan Hospital services. Analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with the help of AMOS software to test. The results showed that brand repositioning and social media communication significantly positively influenced hospital brand gestalt. Hospital brand gestalt was proven to have a significant influence on revisit intention. These findings indicate that hospital brand gestalt plays a mediating role in the relationship between brand repositioning, social media communication, and revisit intention. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of an effective brand repositioning strategy and the use of social media communication to build positive patient perceptions of the hospital brand, which can increase patient intention to revisit services. Unimedika Sepatan Hospital is advised to strengthen its brand positioning and increase interaction through social media.

Women's leadership is recognized as a strategic factor driving organizational success through the formation of effective and sustainable team collaboration. Beyond simply directing, women leaders build a conducive work climate where team members are valued, engaged, and have equal opportunities to contribute. Across various sectors, they demonstrate the ability to manage team dynamics with a participatory, collaborative approach, and a focus on healthy interpersonal relationships. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to describe the role, benefits, and challenges of women's leadership in human resource (HR) development. Twelve articles published between 2020 and 2024 were selected based on the PICOC framework to ensure academic validity. The study results indicate that women's leadership is synonymous with a participatory style, empathy, and open communication that encourages time commitment, the flow of ideas, innovation, and productivity. Women leaders create a psychologically safe work environment, value differences of opinion, and encourage cross-functional collaboration. Their role is increasingly important in the era of flexible work and digital transformation, where empathy and communication are key to maintaining team motivation and productivity. However, challenges such as gender stereotypes, structural barriers, and cultural resistance still limit the effectiveness of women's leadership, especially in strategic positions and high-level decision-making. In many cases, women leaders still have to work harder to gain legitimacy, even though they have the same or even higher qualifications than their male counterparts. Addressing this requires more inclusive organizational policies, gender-based leadership training programs, mentoring, and consistent advocacy for equality. Companies and public institutions must actively create an ecosystem that supports women's leadership development, including equal access to strategic career opportunities.

The application of restorative justice in the Indonesian criminal justice system cannot be immediately implemented in all cases, particularly for assault crimes. This is due to limitations in implementation and inhibiting factors that arise in the field. Facts show that some law enforcement officers are still less than optimal in expediting the restorative justice process. This condition creates legal uncertainty and anxiety, especially for prosecutors handling cases. This situation also impacts the prosecutor's position, which could be questioned by superiors and supervisory committees if case resolution does not proceed according to regulations. This study uses a socio-legal research approach to examine two main issues. First, the author analyzes the implementation of restorative justice in resolving assault cases in the jurisdiction of the Samarinda District Attorney's Office. Second, the author identifies obstacles faced in implementing restorative justice in that jurisdiction. Based on the results of the study, 14 cases of assault were handled. Of these, 11 cases were successfully resolved through restorative justice mechanisms, while 3 cases were declared failed. This failure is generally influenced by the failure to meet several important requirements, including: the perpetrator being a recidivist or having previously committed a crime, a sentence exceeding five years, the absence of a peace agreement between the perpetrator and the victim, and the perpetrator's failure to fulfill their obligation to provide compensation. Therefore, it can be concluded that although restorative justice plays a crucial role in achieving a more humane and equitable resolution of cases, its implementation still faces structural and technical obstacles. Consistent efforts by law enforcement and increased understanding of the concept of restorative justice are needed for this mechanism to operate effectively, provide legal certainty, and address the community's need for justice.

This study explores the relationships between digital marketing content, value co-creation, and product branding on perceived product exclusivity within the Indonesian batik industry. As traditional industries face increasing pressure to modernize while preserving cultural heritage, understanding these marketing dynamics is crucial for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. The study employed a quantitative methodology with saturated sampling, analyzing data from 92 batik enterprises using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through SmartPLS 4.0. The measurement model demonstrated strong reliability and validity, with all constructs meeting the established criteria for internal consistency and discriminant validity. Structural model results revealed that all three marketing variables significantly influence perceived product exclusivity. Among these variables, product branding showed the strongest effect (β = 0.358, p < 0.001), followed by digital marketing content (β = 0.312, p < 0.001) and value co-creation (β = 0.276, p < 0.001). This indicates that the branding strategies implemented by batik enterprises play a pivotal role in shaping consumers' perceptions of exclusivity. The integrated model explained 61.5% of the variance in perceived product exclusivity (R² = 0.615), with strong predictive relevance (Q² = 0.438). These findings underscore the importance of developing a strategic brand that not only reflects the unique qualities of batik but also resonates with contemporary consumer expectations. Additionally, the study highlights the role of digital marketing content in strengthening these perceptions and the significance of facilitating customer co-creation to enhance engagement and exclusivity. In conclusion, batik enterprises are encouraged to prioritize brand development while implementing comprehensive digital marketing strategies and fostering customer involvement in co-creation activities. This approach will enhance the exclusivity of their products and improve their market positioning within the contemporary cultural products landscape.

This study aims to examine the effect of attitude and brand innovation on brand equity among Bank Mandiri Customers in West Jakarta. In the face of increasing competition in the banking industry, effective brand management is crucial for maintaining market position and enhancing customer loyalty. This research uses a quantitative approach by analyzing data from 100 respondents who are involved in transactions at Bank Mandiri. The data is analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to explore the relationships between variables. The findings show that both brand attitude and brand innovation have a significant positive effect on brand equity. Specifically, a positive brand innovation enhances perceptions of quality and the brand’s competitiveness in the market. This study provides practical implications for Bank Mandiri’s management in formulating more effective marketing strategies by considering these two factors. The research also emphasizes the importance of innovation that aligns with customer expectations in strengthening brand equity in the competitive banking market.

Corruption is a structural problem that continues to hamper development and equitable welfare in Indonesia. The data sources used consist of 13 national scientific journals, 3 reports from non-governmental organizations (ICW, KPK, TII), and 4 credible mass media outlets (Kompas, Tempo, CNBC Indonesia, and BBC Indonesia) published between 2019 and 2025. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the consistency and institutional challenges in anti-corruption efforts, as well as to recommend strengthening the integrity system in public policy governance in the future. Based on an analysis of three strategic cases—e-KTP, COVID-19 social assistance, and the free lunch program—the role of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) shows a transformation from a repressive approach to a more preventive and systemic one. In the e-KTP and social assistance cases, the KPK emphasized its strong law enforcement function, while in the free lunch program, the KPK positioned itself as a strategic supervisor from the planning stage to prevent potential irregularities.

The tight competition in the premium smartphone industry requires companies to understand the factors that influence brand loyalty. iPhone is one of the products that remains in demand despite its relatively high price, indicating the important role of customer experience and perceived quality. This study aims to examine the effect of customer experience, perceived quality, and price on brand loyalty with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable. This research approach is quantitative with a survey method of 100 iPhone user respondents in Semarang City. Data analysis was carried out using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique with the help of the SmartPLS application. The results of the study indicate that customer experience, perceived quality, and price have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, customer experience, perceived quality, and price do not affect brand loyalty. However, customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty. Then, customer satisfaction is able to mediate the relationship between customer experience and brand loyalty. However, customer satisfaction is unable to mediate the relationship between perceived quality and price on brand loyalty. The practical implication of these results is the importance of companies to focus on improving customer experience, product quality, and pricing strategies in order to strengthen their brand position in a competitive market.

Domestic helpers (DWs) play a vital role in sustaining household life in urban areas, yet their legal position in the Indonesian labour system remains marginal and vulnerable, without adequate legal protection. This research aims to analyse juridically normatively the legal position of domestic workers within the framework of national labour law and identify regulatory gaps and structural barriers that hinder the protection of their basic rights. Using a literature study method and a normative juridical approach, this research examines legislation, legal doctrine, and recent scientific literature. The analysis shows that Law No. 13 Year 2003 does not recognise domestic workers as formal workers, and Permenaker No. 2 Year 2015 is non-binding, creating a legal vacuum that results in vulnerability to exploitation, discrimination, and human rights violations. The absence of special regulations such as the PPRT Bill and the non-ratification of ILO Convention No. 189 exacerbate structural injustice against domestic workers. This research concludes that the legal protection of domestic workers is very weak normatively and practically, so regulative reform is needed through the enactment of special laws and harmonisation of national laws with international human rights standards in order to create a fair, inclusive and social justice-based employment system.

This research aims to analyze the representation of mental disabilities and the concept of justice in the film Miracle in Cell No. 7 from a gender studies perspective. The film features a main character with intellectual disabilities who is a victim of an uninclusive and patriarchal legal system. The representation of disability in the film shows a combination of empathy and infantile stereotypes that place people with disabilities as objects of pity without agency. Through Stuart Hall's representation theory approach and Crenshaw's intersectionality framework, this research reveals how class identity, gender, and disability shape the main character's subordinate position. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive-analytical approach, where data is analyzed based on symbols, narratives, and cinematic elements in the film. The results show that the film uses emotional strategies to build closeness with the audience, but risks reproducing structural biases against vulnerable groups. Nonetheless, the film still has potential as a medium for social criticism of legal injustice and representational bias in popular culture. This research recommends the need for a more inclusive and humane cinematic approach in depicting people with disabilities and gender inequality.

This research aims to analyze the implications of global political economy policies on women's empowerment in developing countries, especially in terms of access to economic resources, education, employment, and political participation. The research uses a literature review method by collecting and analyzing various academic references and relevant public policies to provide a comprehensive understanding of gender issues in the context of globalization. The results show that despite the existence of various affirmative policies such as women's quotas in parliament and economic programs for women, their implementation still faces various structural barriers, including patriarchal culture, limited resources, and low participation of women in decision-making. Other challenges include unequal access to education and training, and social stereotypes that hinder women's advancement. Proposed strategies include integrating gender analysis in policy formulation, increasing women's participation in strategic positions, strengthening regulations that protect women's rights, and gender-sensitive international cooperation. This research confirms the importance of a collaborative and sustainable approach involving various stakeholders to realize inclusive women's empowerment and real gender equality in developing countries.

Leadership in modern organizations has undergone a significant paradigm shift. No longer solely understood as a formal power inherent in a structural position, leadership is now examined as an interpersonal process that is complex, dynamic, and full of nuances of influence. In an increasingly horizontal, collaborative, and network-based organizational environment, a leader's effectiveness is not only determined by formal authority, but also by his ability to influence others strategically and ethically. There are nine main tactics used by leaders to influence the behavior and decisions of others: legitimacy, rational persuasion, inspirational pleas, consultation, exchange, personal pleas, ingratiation, pressure, and coalition. This study explores these nine influence tactics, using an exploratory qualitative approach through document studies and narrative analysis.  The results show that the influence tactics carried out by the Leader must be effective and able to adapt the tactics to the social context and ethical values. Influence tactics in carrying out leadership are not prohibited but must be done responsibly and elegantly.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the main tasks and functions of financial management in the General and Finance Section of the Tanjungpinang City DPRD Secretariat, with a focus on identifying obstacles and formulating strategic solutions to improve the efficiency of financial management. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, and analysis was carried out based on Edward III's policy implementation theory which emphasizes four key variables: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the main tasks and functions is running quite well, supported by effective internal communication, the availability of human resources, budget, and infrastructure, as well as a bureaucratic structure that still faces challenges, such as minimal technical training and vacancies in functional positions that have an impact on bureaucratic effectiveness. Capacity building and structural arrangements are needed so that financial management can run more optimally, accountably, and in accordance with the principles of good governance.

The growing elderly population in Indonesia has created structural challenges in the health care system. One of the crucial challenges arises in the aspect of medical decision-making that becomes increasingly complex, along with the decline in cognitive capacity, comorbidities, and chronic diseases that accompany this age group. Problems arise when elderly patients refuse medical treatment, while doctors have ethical and professional obligations to save lives. This condition is complicated by social pressure from families and collective cultural values that often ignore the right to individual autonomy. As a result, doctors are in a vulnerable position legally and ethically, especially when there are no regulations that explicitly and technically regulate the limits of professional responsibility. This study aims to analyze the form of legal protection for doctors in the face of refusal of medical action by elderly patients. The method used is normative juridical, with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results show that there are no specific rules regarding the mechanism of informed refusal, evaluation of the decision-making capacity of elderly patients, and the limits of legal responsibility of doctors. This creates legal uncertainty, even when doctors have acted according to professional standards and medical ethics. This study recommends the establishment of technical regulations that strictly regulate the procedures for refusal of medical action by elderly patients. Legal protection for doctors is not only a professional guarantee, but also an integral part of a health system that is fair, sustainable, and ensures legal certainty in modern medical practice.

The Baiq Nuril case is a clear reflection of the political problems of criminal law in Indonesia, especially in the context of protecting victims of sexual violence and the application of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (ITE Law). Baiq Nuril, a victim of verbal harassment by her superior, was criminalized through Article 27 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law after she recorded an obscene conversation as a form of self-protection. This research uses a normative juridical approach by analyzing relevant legal instruments and their application in the Baiq Nuril case. The results show that the use of the article contains structural bias and shows an imbalance of perspectives in the criminal justice system, which tends to ignore the position of victims as well as the social context and power relations that surround them. In addition, the article's multiple interpretations open space for criminalization of victims, especially women, instead of providing protection. This case emphasizes the importance of criminal law reform oriented towards substantive justice and in favor of victims, as well as the need to revise the ITE Law so that it does not become a tool of repression against vulnerable groups. The amnesty granted by the President to Baiq Nuril is a political corrective step, but has not touched the root of systemic problems in law enforcement that have not been in favor of victims of gender-based violence.

In the context of modern organizations that increasingly demand high productivity, employees’ emotional well-being is often overlooked in organizational design. This study aims to explore how a humanistic approach can be integrated into organizational design to create a work environment that is not only efficient but also supportive of emotional well-being. Using a literature review method complemented by interviews and observations of workplace dynamics, this study finds that organizations still tend to adopt bureaucratic and technocratic approaches that neglect employees’ psychological dimensions. As a result, issues such as burnout, decreased motivation, and low work engagement emerge. The findings highlight the need for a paradigm shift in organizational design—from a purely structural system toward a humanistic design that considers emotional needs. This study emphasizes that emotional well-being must be positioned as a strategic element in organizational design, not merely as a supplementary effort. Thus, work effectiveness and emotional well-being can be sustainably aligned.

The post-factual era has shifted the position of legal facts from objective entities to part of narrative contestations shaped by digital disinformation, algorithmic media, and unverified public perception. Unfortunately, this has given rise to epistemic dislocation in the judicial process, where evidence loses its objective quality, legal decisions are distorted by collective emotional pressure and erode the credibility of the law as a guarantor of substantive and procedural justice. This research is a normative research using a conceptual approach. The data collection method was collected using library research, then analyzed using qualitative methods and presented descriptively. The results of the study show that the development of disinformation, emotional narratives, and manipulative digital evidence have shown a structural inconsistency between conventional evidentiary standards and the complexity of 21st-century legal realities, threatening the validity of evidence, the autonomy of judicial institutions, and the principle of due process in the criminal system. Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct the evidentiary system through the integration of verification technology, cross-disciplinary collaborative approaches, and investment in digital literacy, to ensure that the law continues to function as a rational and fair instrument in an increasingly unstable information landscape.

Bridge infrastructure is a vital component of transportation systems that is vulnerable to structural damage caused by dynamic loads, environmental factors, and aging. Early crack detection is crucial to prevent structural failures that may lead to catastrophic consequences. This study aims to develop a non-destructive detection method based on acoustic sensors to identify cracks in bridge structures with higher sensitivity and accuracy compared to conventional visual inspections. The research was conducted through laboratory experiments and field tests using acoustic sensors, data acquisition devices, and signal analysis software. The procedure included sensor installation on a bridge model, simulation of artificial cracks with varying sizes and positions, recording of acoustic wave signals, and data analysis using frequency spectrum, amplitude, and waveform pattern approaches. The results show significant differences between normal and cracked conditions in the frequency spectrum, where cracks produced amplitude anomalies at specific frequencies. Amplitude analysis revealed a positive correlation between crack size and acoustic signal intensity, while waveform pattern analysis demonstrated the influence of crack position on distortion levels. Cracks located at the center generated the highest distortion, followed by joints and edges. These findings confirm that acoustic sensors, particularly fiber-optic-based ones, offer advantages such as high sensitivity, reliability under complex environmental conditions, and the ability to detect subsurface cracks. The implications of this research highlight the potential development of an acoustic sensor-based structural health monitoring system integrated with real-time analysis software, thereby supporting preventive maintenance, extending infrastructure lifespan, and enhancing transportation safety.

A standard agreement is a form of standard contract that is drawn up unilaterally by business actors, without providing flexibility for consumers to negotiate the content of the clauses contained therein. This characteristic creates an imbalance in the legal position between business actors and consumers, which in practice is often used to include exculpation clauses or unilateral clauses that are substantively detrimental to consumers. In the context of Indonesian law, this form of contract has become a common practice in various sectors, ranging from financial services to electronic transactions, so the urgency of legal protection for consumers has become increasingly significant. This research aims to analyze and evaluate the form of legal protection for consumers in standard agreements, based on the provisions of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and related legal instruments, including implementing regulations and relevant jurisprudence. The research approach used is normative juridistic, with data collection methods through literature studies, normative analysis of laws and regulations, and an examination of several concrete case studies that illustrate imbalances in the legal relationship between consumers and business actors. The results of the study revealed that although normative legal protection has been regulated quite firmly, especially in the provisions regarding the prohibition of the inclusion of clauses that are detrimental or misleading to consumers, various structural and cultural obstacles are still found in its implementation. These obstacles include weak supervision mechanisms for business actors, limited consumer access to legal understanding, and suboptimal role of consumer dispute resolution institutions. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen regulations through more operational legal instruments, increase the capacity of supervisory institutions, and mainstream consumer legal literacy as a long-term strategy in realizing a fair, effective, and sustainable consumer protection system.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between leadership style and the performance of State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in the Waropen Regency Regional Secretariat. Specifically, this study focuses on determining: (1) the strength of the relationship between leadership style and ASN performance, and (2) the level of significance of the relationship between leadership style and ASN performance in the Waropen Regency Regional Secretariat. This study uses an associative or causal research approach to identify the relationship and influence between variables. The study population consists of all ASN in the Waropen Regency Regional Secretariat, totaling 180 people. Sample selection was carried out using the probability sampling method using the cluster sampling technique. Samples were taken from several job groups, namely Regional Secretary Officials, Expert Staff Officials and Assistant Regional Secretaries, sections and subsections, and staff who do not have structural positions. The number of respondents who participated in this study was 60 people. Data collection was carried out through distributing questionnaires and collecting supporting documents. The data used included primary data obtained directly from respondents, as well as secondary data from archives and official documents of related agencies. Data analysis was carried out using correlation analysis techniques to measure the strength of the relationship and significance tests between variables. The results of the study indicate a positive relationship between leadership style and ASN performance, with a correlation coefficient of 0.382, indicating a moderate relationship. Furthermore, a significant positive effect was found with a significance level of 0.003 (<0.05), thus concluding that leadership style significantly contributes to improving ASN performance within the Waropen Regency Regional Secretariat. The implication of this study is the need to strengthen leadership capacity at various levels of office, in order to create a conducive work climate, motivate employees, and encourage optimal performance. These results can be used as a reference for local governments in designing more effective leadership training and development programs.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide due to impaired blood and oxygen supply to the heart muscle. This study aims to explore the potential of two natural compounds—kaempferol from Moringa oleifera and geranylated chalcone (GTDC) from Artocarpus altilis—as therapeutic candidates for CHD through a molecular docking approach. Medicinal chemistry analysis revealed that kaempferol exhibits significant affinity for the NF-κB protein, forming key hydrogen bonds with residues involved in the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis. Meanwhile, GTDC demonstrates strong binding to the P2Y12 receptor, which plays a crucial role in platelet aggregation, with a docking score lower than that of the natural ligand ADP. Structurally, hydroxyl group positioning and the lipophilic geranyl chain enhance both bioactivity and pharmacokinetic properties. In conclusion, a medicinal chemistry approach involving in silico docking, structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis, and ligand optimization strategies confirms the potential of kaempferol and GTDC as promising multifunctional therapeutic agents for CHD. Further validation through in vivo studies and clinical testing is required.