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value of the bankruptcy estate (boedel pailit) through the going concern principle. Law No. 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (UUK-PKPU) allows curators to continue the debtor’s business, particularly under Article 179 paragraph (1). However, the absence of clear normative parameters creates legal uncertainty and inconsistent practices. This study analyzes the application of the going concern principle in the settlement of bankruptcy estates following the annulment of homologated composition agreements and examines the urgency of technical implementing regulations. Using a normative juridical method supported by statutory analysis, court decisions, legal doctrines, and interviews, the research focuses on the cases of PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk. (Sritex) and PT Texmaco Perkasa Engineering Tbk. The findings reveal that going concern implementation depends not only on legal provisions but also on non-legal factors, such as transparency, asset control, capital availability, management credibility, and creditor support. Texmaco’s case shows approval when these conditions are met, while Sritex demonstrates rejection due to lack of transparency and unlawful activities. The study underscores the need for a Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) that establishes eligibility parameters, approval mechanisms, reporting obligations, and curator protection to ensure consistency, legal certainty, creditor protection, and greater economic benefits in Indonesian bankruptcy practice.

Bina Kesan Cooperative in Bojonggede is a cooperative whose main activities focus on assisting members in meeting financial needs, improving welfare, and encouraging the development of members’ businesses. This study aims to determine the extent to which compensation and motivation influence employee performance. The research method employed was quantitative with a descriptive approach, while the sampling technique was determined using the Slovin formula to ensure that the number of respondents was representative. Data were collected through questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability, and then processed using SPSS version 27. The statistical test results indicate that the t-value of 1.492 is greater than the t-table value of 0.2681, with a significance level of 0.00 < 0.05, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis (H₀). All R-values of 0.05 > R-table 3.18 demonstrate that the research instruments were valid. Furthermore, the F-value of 180.803 is higher than the F-table value of 2.00758, with a significance level of 0.00 < 0.05, confirming that the regression model is significant. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that compensation and motivation variables simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employee performance at Bina Kesan Cooperative, Bojonggede.

This article examines Herbert Marcuse's thoughts in One Dimensional Man as a critique of the dominance of technology and capitalism in shaping the one-dimensional consciousness of modern humans. Using a critical philosophical approach, this study examines how digital technology, which was originally projected as an instrument of liberation, has actually transformed into a subtle means of oppression through the mechanisms of false needs and irrational rationality. Instead of opening up a space for emancipation, technological developments often deepen human attachment to the logic of the consumption-oriented digital capitalist system. The main goal of this research is to reawaken critical awareness and human negation in the midst of virtual reality that increasingly dominates life in the Society 5.0 era. The results of the study show that digital humans tend to experience existential alienation, where deep reflection and authentic freedom are reduced by the flow of instant information, pseudo-entertainment, and consumptive lifestyles. This condition makes individuals trapped in a cycle of obedience to a system that seems rational, when in fact it covers structural dominance. The discussion emphasized the importance of emancipation efforts through the rejection of the dominant system and the reactivation of critical potential as a path to true freedom. Emancipation is understood not only as a release from the shackles of technology, but also as an effort to revive reflective consciousness that is able to negate false values. Thus, Marcuse's thought remains relevant to reading the crisis of contemporary human consciousness while providing a philosophical foundation for the formation of a reflective, independent, and autonomous subject.

This community service activity aims to enhance the understanding of spatial perspectives in legal permitting processes among urban property developers. The main issue identified is the lack of knowledge regarding zoning and spatial planning, which often leads to permit rejections or illegal developments. The program was implemented through public education, technical training, and simulations using digital zoning maps. Evaluation results showed an average increase of 31.6 points in participants’ understanding from pre-test to post-test. Furthermore, over 70% of participants were able to access zoning portals and began drafting permit documents in accordance with the spatial plan. This program contributes to building legally aware developer communities, supporting orderly urban spatial planning, and promoting sustainable and participatory development.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Talking Stick Learning Model on Student Learning Activity in the Subject of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for class VIII at SMP Negeri 1 Balige, Toba Regency in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The research hypothesis is: "there is an effect of the Talking Stick Learning Model on Student Learning Activity in the Subject of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for class VIII at SMP Negeri 1 Balige, Toba Regency in the 2024/2025 Academic Year". The population was all students of class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Balige, Toba Regency in the 2024/2025 Academic Year who were Protestant Christians totaling 173 people. The research sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique, namely 30 students of class VIII B. This research method uses a quantitative research method with a pre-experimental design type in the form of "one shot case study". The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire item for variable Y totaling 18 items. Based on the experiments that have been carried out, the results obtained before treatment produced an average of 48.10 and after treatment 57.53. The research data for the questionnaire were analyzed using the One-Shot Case Study t-test formula. From the calculation results, the t-value = 3.599> t-table (α = 5%) = 2.042 was obtained. The t-value is in the area of ​​the H0 rejection curve and Ha acceptance. Thus, it can be concluded that with the difference between before and after treatment and t-value> t-table, the research hypothesis is accepted, namely that there is an influence of the Talking Stick Learning Model on Student Learning Activity in Christian Religious Education and Character Education subjects for class VIII at SMP Negeri 1 Balige, Toba Regency, in the 2024/2025 Academic Year.

Fruits and vegetables are perishable food items that require special handling during both the receiving and storage processes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the implementation of fruit and vegetable receiving and storage processes in the kitchen of Hotel Mercure Surabaya Grand Mirama. This research employs two approaches: quantitative descriptive and qualitative. Data collection techniques include questionnaires, interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative analysis, where questionnaire results are calculated using a percentage formula (%) and described using percentage interpretation criteria. Based on the findings, the implementation of fruit and vegetable receiving processes at Hotel Mercure Surabaya Grand Mirama shows that indicators for product freshness, material inspection, rejection of non-conforming materials, sorting, and washing are categorized as good. However, the indicator for material cleanliness falls under the fair category. Meanwhile, the implementation of storage processes, including storage temperature, storage facilities, storage inspection, and the application of the FIFO (First In First Out) storage method, demonstrates a very good criterion. Nevertheless, material separation received a good criterion, indicating room for further improvement to optimize storage management and ensure compliance with established standards.

This study critically examines the construction and reproduction of authenticity norms and buffer standards in Indonesian TikTok users’ communication practices. Employing Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework, the research explores how digital expressions—through captions, comments, and hashtags—reflect power relations, algorithmic logic, and social norms that operate subtly yet effectively. An analysis of five popular TikTok contents reveals that so-called “authentic” expression is not spontaneous honesty but rather a curated and performative construct aligned with algorithmic expectations and community aesthetics. The concept of the buffer standard refers to implicit symbolic boundaries that define which expressions are “acceptable” and which risk social or systemic rejection. The study concludes that freedom of expression in digital spaces like TikTok is always a product of negotiation between user agency, algorithmic pressure, cultural norms, and the commodification of identity.  

The use of various instructional media plays a significant role in the teaching process, as it can stimulate students' interest and encourage active participation in learning activities. By utilizing a variety of educational tools, children can enhance the efficiency of their learning in relation to the material delivered by the teacher. Teachers are expected to select the most effective teaching models, instructional media, and strategies to improve students' understanding. The use of instructional aids such as fraction clocks can serve as an innovative resource for teachers in presenting learning materials. Through the implementation of such media, teachers can expand the scope of media utilization in the educational process. The use of fraction clocks aims to inspire and improve students’ learning outcomes in the field of mathematics. The study employs a quantitative approach. This quasi-experimental study applies a Pretest-Posttest Control Group design. 50 students participated in the study. The collected data are analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques to describe the students’ pretest and posttest results. Furthermore, inferential statistics, including normality tests and hypothesis testing, are used to support further interpretation. The findings revealed that for the pretest, students had an average score of 51.92, indicating a moderate level of achievement, with a percentage of 62%. And the students’ postest scores increased to 66.92, indicating a higher level of achievement, with a percentage of 69% based on a sample of 26 students. The Paired Sample T-test showed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000, which is lower than the predetermined significance level of 5% or 0.05. This indicates the rejection of null hypothesis and acceptance of alternative hypothesis. It can be concluded that the use of fraction clock as an instructional medium has positive effect on students’ learning outcomes and enhances their understanding of fraction concepts.

The rejection of isbat nikah applications in religious court practice, particularly in the context of polygamy, is a complex issue with far-reaching implications for the legal status of marriage, the rights of wives and children, and legal certainty. This study aims to analyze the legal considerations of the panel of judges in rejecting the application for isbat nikah polygamy at the Kwandang Religious Court and to examine the legal consequences arising from the rejection. This research uses an empirical juridical method with a case approach, which is analyzed based on primary data in the form of court decisions and interviews with judges and related parties, and secondary data in the form of legal literature, legislation, and relevant legal journals. The results show that the rejection of polygamous marriage isbat nikah applications is generally caused by the non-fulfillment of substantive requirements as stipulated in Pasal 4 and 5 of Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 concerning Marriage jo. Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), such as the absence of permission from the first wife or the lack of proof of the reasons that allow polygamy. The legal consequences of this rejection include the formal non-recognition of the legal status of the second marriage, which has an impact on the non-fulfillment of the civil rights of the second wife and the children born, such as inheritance rights and citizenship status. This study recommends the need to strengthen legal education to the community as well as harmonization between state law and religious law to ensure the legal protection of women and children in the context of polygamy.

Indonesia is a unitary state comprised of thousands of islands and vast seas. Land is a vital asset for both the people and the state; therefore, its control, use, and preservation must be regulated fairly to prevent misuse, particularly by foreign parties. This study focuses on the extent to which the limitations on land ownership by foreign nationals (FNs), as established by national law, can be effectively applied in cases occurring beyond Indonesia's jurisdiction.The aim of this research is to examine how the principle of lex rei sitae, the doctrine of cross-border inheritance law, and the concept of ordre public in Indonesian law interact with one another in order to formulate legal policies that uphold agrarian justice and national sovereignty, while also adapting to global changes. The findings of this study reveal that the principles of lex rei sitae and ordre public serve not merely as grounds for legal rejection, but as fundamental pillars in shaping land ownership policies for foreign nationals based on fairness, proportionality, and sustainability. By implementing a legal system that is firm, consistent, yet flexible, Indonesia is able to safeguard its national sovereignty while also fostering international trust as a rule-of-law state capable of facing global challenges without losing its national identity.

This study aims to identify forms of violations of the right to health services in the implementation of BPJS Kesehatan, analyze the factors that cause them, and formulate preventive and limiting solutions. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with six informants who were active BPJS Health participants in Tanjung Sari, East Jambi. The results showed that there was service discrimination in the form of different treatment between BPJS patients and general patients, patient rejection, administrative obstacles in emergency situations, and unavailability of drugs and medical facilities. Contributing factors include unequal distribution of health facilities, limited human resources, and a weak monitoring system. The experiences of BPJS participants confirm the gap between the program's objectives and the reality on the ground, reflecting a denial of the state's obligation to guarantee citizens' health rights. Comprehensive efforts are needed, including public education, administrative simplification, equitable distribution of health facilities, enforcement of strict sanctions, and active community involvement to realize quality and equitable health services.

This study discusses the phenomenon of increasing corruption cases in Indonesia, which is caused by the lack of effective criminal penalties. Although Law No. 20/2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption regulates the threat of the death penalty for perpetrators of corruption, in practice it has never been implemented. This study uses the approach of the law enforcement system theory and the theory of punishment, with normative legal methods and literature studies. The results show that the difficulty of implementing the death penalty in corruption cases in Indonesia is caused by the pros and cons and rejection from the community and law enforcement. This finding indicates the importance of reforming the death penalty policy for perpetrators of corruption to provide a deterrent effect and prevent similar cases in the future. Therefore, this study recommends improving the law enforcement system and more effective anti-corruption policies.

Corruption and the rule of law are two things that are not foreign in the order of national, state and social life. Corruption seems to be a vocabulary that is experiencing inflation because it is most often used in almost all news reports. However, in corruption cases, judges are often less observant in paying attention to the facts presented in the trial so that often defendants in corruption cases are not punished commensurate with their actions, some even end in acquittals. The research method used by the author is normative legal research, by reviewing or examining laws and court decisions related to the legal problems faced. The sources of legal materials used are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials which are then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that The basis for the Supreme Court's consideration in rejecting the public prosecutor's cassation application regarding the acquittal in corruption (Case Study of Supreme Court Decision Number: 2205 K/Pid.Sus/2022) is by considering the legal and non-legal aspects. Regarding the effectiveness of the decision in providing a deterrent effect for perpetrators of corruption in the future, judges in considering a decision should pay close attention to the facts in the trial so that the defendant's actions can be subject to sanctions and in the future can provide a deterrent effect on perpetrators of corruption in the future. The judge's consideration in imposing a sentence after the examination process in court must pay maximum attention to the sense of justice of the actions that have been committed by the defendant so that the verdict can provide a deterrent effect for perpetrators of corruption in the future.

This research analyzes the role of Instagram social media in shaping digital public space for the Indonesian Forum for the Environment (WALHI) environmental movement. The main focus of this study is how the @walhi.national account mobilizes discourse, solidarity, and collective action in contemporary ecological issues, with a theoretical approach that refers to Sidney Tarrow's Cycle of Contention framework (1994). The analysis shows that WALHI utilizes Instagram as a means to respond to political moments and ecological crises, such as the Rempang conflict (2023) and the rejection of the Trenggalek gold mine (#TolakTambangTrenggalek). The initial phase was characterized by the outbreak of political opportunities through controversial policies. WALHI then mobilized, framed and diffused action through the spread of visual narratives and hashtag campaigns that expanded solidarity. In the final phase, WALHI as an organization has undergone a transformation process from a field-based advocacy movement to a professional, strategic and technology-adaptive digital actor. WALHI through @walhi.national together with various parties such as volunteers, academics, communities and the public have contributed to encouraging institutional advocacy and redrafting policy discourse related to the environment. This study concludes that social media is not only a tool for information dissemination, but also a field of political articulation that can strengthen or challenge power structures in the contestation cycle. Instagram becomes an important arena for WALHI in maintaining moral legitimacy and expanding the environmental movement to a more inclusive and connected level.

The purpose of this study is to examine the principle of good faith , which is a fundamental aspect of corporate governance, which ensures fair treatment for all shareholders, including minority shareholders. This study examines the application of good faith in the third General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) in relation to the protection of minority shareholders, focusing on Decision Number 389/PDT.P/2019/PN.CKR. This study aims to analyze the court's reasons behind the issuance of the Niet Ontvankelijke Verklaard decision at the third GMS and to evaluate the legal protection mechanisms available to minority shareholders. This study uses a normative juridical approach, by analyzing legal norms and judicial precedents related to corporate governance and shareholder rights. The research findings reveal that minority shareholders often face legal uncertainty and procedural disadvantages in GMS decisions, especially when the principle of good faith is not upheld. The court's rejection of the third GMS application highlights the need for a more comprehensive legal framework to protect the interests of minority shareholders and ensure a fair corporate decision-making process. This study contributes to the corporate governance discourse by emphasizing the importance of procedural fairness and legal certainty in shareholder meetings

The general and specific important issues encountered in this article are the discussion of pragmatics, expressive and directive speech acts in theater performances. Expressive and directive speech acts often have complex pragmatic functions, for example, commands that are conveyed indirectly or expressions that contain implicit meanings. is to explore the understanding of the function, meaning, and impact of language use in communication, especially in drama scripts or theater performances. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data source in this research is speech acts contained in the video of the theater performance entitled “The Most Human” by SMAN 4 Sidoarjo. The data in this study are fragments of pragmatic discourse contained in the video of the theater performance. In this study, it can be concluded that there are 19 data of expressive speech acts and 25 data of directive speech acts in the theater performance video entitled 'The Most Human' by SMAN 4 Sidoarjo. The functions found in expressive speech acts include 6 advice data, 6 rejection data, 3 motivation data, 1 pride data, 2 concern data, 4 satire data, and 2 affection data. Meanwhile, there are 3 types of functions in directive speech acts, namely 9 data of advising, 11 data of asking, and 5 data of criticizing.

Intellectual Property (IP) plays a crucial role in fostering fair business competition. Trademarks as a element of IP serve as distinguishing identifiers that guarantee product quality. In addition, trademarks function as marketing tools in competitive markets and provide protection against bad faith actions by other parties. To obtain legal protection, a trademark must be registered in accordance with statutory requirements. A trademark application may be rejected if these requirements are not fulfilled. A common reason for rejection is the existence of substantial similarity to a previously registered mark or an earlier-filed application for similar goods and/or services. Therefore, clear and consistent standards for determining substantial similarity are essential to ensure legal certainty for applicants.

Employee productivity is a crucial factor in a company's success. Educational qualifications are believed to enhance skills and work efficiency. However, in some companies, employees with lower education levels exhibit productivity nearly equal to those with higher education. This study aims to analyze the impact of educational qualifications on employee productivity. A quantitative research method was used with simple linear regression. Data was collected through questionnaires from 30 respondents in the studied company. The analysis results indicate that educational qualifications significantly affect productivity. The t-test produced a t-value of 2.919 with a p-value of 0.007 (<0.05), leading to the rejection of H₀. The regression coefficient (B) of 0.443 suggests that each unit increase in educational qualification raises productivity by 0.443 units. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.233 indicates that 23.3% of productivity variability is influenced by educational qualifications, while 76.7% is affected by other factors such as work experience and skills. In conclusion, educational qualifications impact employee productivity, but other factors also play a significant role. Companies are advised not only to consider education levels in recruitment but also to enhance training and skill development to optimize employee productivity.

This research aims to investigate the effect of cooperative learning model Team Games Tournament (TGT) with Educaplay media on science learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at SDN 060970 Bagan Deli. The study employed a quantitative method with a Quasi-Experimental design using pretest and posttest with non-equivalent control-group design. The research subjects were 56 fifth-grade students at SDN 060970 Bagan Deli, selected through purposive sampling technique. Based on the research results, the data analysis showed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05. The hypothesis was accepted based on the t-test where t-hitung = 4.524 > t-tabel = 1.673, resulting in the rejection of H0 and acceptance of Ha. The mean score in the control class was 70.53, while the experimental class achieved a mean score of 80.36. The effect size calculation using Cohen's d formula yielded a value of 1.206, which is interpreted as a large effect size. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cooperative learning model TGT with Educaplay media has a significant effect on improving the learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at SDN 060970 Bagan Deli.

The involvement of church members in political life is a form of religious responsibility that must be rooted in Christian values. This community service activity was designed to enhance the political literacy of the GBIS Kristus Gembala Alastuwo Karanganyar congregation in preparation for the Simultaneous Regional Elections on November 27, 2024. Conducted over two sessions on November 3 and 10, 2024, the activity employed interactive discussions, lectures, and Biblical reflections that connect Christian values with political participation. Key themes included justice, honesty, servant leadership, and the rejection of money politics. The participants were also invited to reflect on the implementation of the regional elections held on December 8, 2024, as part of their learning process.The results show that the congregation's political awareness improved significantly. Members expressed a deeper understanding of the importance of electing trustworthy leaders who uphold integrity and public service. Furthermore, they demonstrated the courage to reject practices of money politics, indicating the internalization of Christian values in their civic decisions. By exploring democracy through the lens of faith, the congregation developed a more critical, wise, and responsible approach to voting. This initiative highlights the strategic role of the Church in shaping the political awareness of its members through ongoing political education grounded in Christian teachings. Continued efforts are essential to ensure that the congregation remains active in promoting moral leadership and societal transformation, beginning within the church community itself. Ultimately, churches can serve as centers for ethical political formation, equipping believers to contribute meaningfully to national development.