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The execution of mortgage rights on land is a crucial element in the property security legal system in Indonesia, which allows creditors to obtain debt repayment if the debtor defaults. However, the implementation of parate executie as a non-litigious mechanism based on Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights has sparked constitutional debates, particularly regarding the debtor's right to fair legal protection. This study analyzes the legal considerations of the Constitutional Court in Decision No. 10/PUU-XIX/2021, which rejected the constitutional review of the mortgage execution norms, and evaluates the legal execution procedures post-decision. Using the normative legal research method, this article examines the approach of contractual freedom, the principle of justice, and the protection of property rights in the context of creditor-debtor relationships. The study results show that the Court views parate executie as constitutionally valid, as long as it is carried out with the principles of transparency, proportionality, and the availability of legal recourse for the debtor. Therefore, legal protection within the mortgage system is not eliminated, but must be implemented through accountable and just practices. These findings provide an important normative basis for policymakers and economic actors in ensuring that the execution of guarantees runs effectively while still upholding the constitutional rights of the parties involved.

This study evaluates the implementation of Government Regulation Number 94 of 2021 concerning Civil Servant Discipline, assessing its impact on enhancing the effectiveness and accountability of public administration within Sidoarjo Regency. Civil servant discipline constitutes a critical instrument in bureaucratic reform oriented towards good governance and high-quality public services. This research employs a qualitative approach utilising William Dunn's policy evaluation model, which encompasses the dimensions of effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, responsiveness, and appropriateness. Data were collected through documentary analysis of prevailing legislation, local government performance reports, SAKIP (Government Agency Performance Accountability System) reports, SPIP (Government Internal Control System) reports, and digital human resource management system documents. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively, employing source triangulation to ensure the validity of the findings. The evaluation results indicate that Government Regulation 94/2021 is effective in reducing work procedure deviations, enhancing public service consistency, and strengthening accountability through clear audit trails. Integration with the 'Smart ASN' (State Civil Apparatus) and 'e-Kinerja' (e-Performance) systems reinforces the objectivity of performance assessments and minimises subjectivity. However, challenges persist regarding aspects of organisational culture, supervisory capacity, and the quality of infraction documentation. This study concludes that consistent disciplinary enforcement, when integrated with performance management systems, serves as a driving force for bureaucratic effectiveness and accountability. It further accelerates the consolidation of regional bureaucratic reform, fostering a bureaucracy that is professional, maintains high integrity, and is responsive to societal needs.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategic role of the Green Human Resource Information System (Green HRIS) in bridging the transformation of human resource management with the demands of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles, specifically examining how Green HRIS contributes to sustainable HR practices, organizational performance, and digital HR transformation. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, this study identifies, evaluates, and synthesizes prior research by conducting a structured search across major academic databases—Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, Elsevier, and Wiley—for publications from 2020 to 2025 that address green HRM, HR digitalization, sustainable HR practices, and ESG integration. The review process includes screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, extracting key data, and categorizing findings into environmental, social, and governance dimensions. The results demonstrate that Green HRIS strengthens ESG implementation by reducing paper usage, lowering carbon emissions, and promoting sustainable HR practices such as digital recruitment and e-learning, while also improving governance through enhanced transparency, accountability, regulatory compliance, and real-time reporting. Empirical evidence indicates that Green HRIS fosters employee engagement, organizational innovation, and the development of green competitive advantages. Practically, the study highlights how organizations, policymakers, and HR managers can utilize Green HRIS to optimize digital transformation and meet ESG requirements, thereby reinforcing legitimacy and long-term competitiveness within the green economy. This research offers originality as one of the first systematic reviews addressing Green HRIS in the ESG era, integrating theories such as the Resource-Based View, Technology Acceptance Model, and organizational sustainability theory, while also mapping trends, best practices, and gaps for future research.

This study analyzes the role of the Golkar Party of Serang City in the formulation and oversight of Regional Regulation Number 11 of 2019 on the Implementation of Tourism Business Governance using the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework. The study aims to examine how political party institutions perform their functions in local legislative processes, particularly in terms of public representation, interest articulation, and policy oversight. A qualitative case study approach was employed, involving in-depth interviews with party actors and members of the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD), as well as document analysis of relevant policy materials. The findings reveal that Golkar’s role in the formulation and supervision of the regulation was predominantly carried out by its legislative faction through informal mechanisms, while the party’s organizational structure played a limited institutional role. The process of absorbing public aspirations was relatively constrained and tended to favor groups with close social and political ties, indicating that the party has not fully exercised its functions of public articulation and accountability. From the perspective of the IAD framework, this condition reflects weaknesses in internal rules, actor capacity, and interaction mechanisms within the party as a political institution in the policy arena. Therefore, strengthening Golkar’s institutional capacity is essential to enable a more substantive, responsive, and inclusive role in local legislative and policy oversight processes

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of the subsidized housing program for low-income communities in Pekanbaru City. The background of this research stems from the high demand for decent housing among low-income groups and the government’s challenge in ensuring equitable access to affordable housing. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative with a policy study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with officials from the Department of Public Housing and Settlement Areas, housing developers, banking institutions, and program beneficiaries. Field observations and documentation were also conducted to strengthen data validity. The results show that the implementation of the subsidized housing program in Pekanbaru City has been in line with national policies, yet its effectiveness remains suboptimal. This condition is influenced by insufficient policy dissemination, limited strategic land availability, inaccurate targeting of beneficiaries, and weak supervision mechanisms. On the other hand, supporting factors such as regulatory support, partnerships with the private sector, and accessible financing through subsidized home ownership loans have contributed to the program’s success. In conclusion, the effectiveness of program implementation can be improved through stronger inter-agency synergy, transparency of beneficiary data, and institutional capacity building so that the goal of equitable access to decent housing for low-income communities can be sustainably achieved.

The government places the protection of women and children in Surabaya City as a top priority in efforts to reduce the annual surge of violence. To strengthen prevention, handling, and the fulfillment of women’s and children’s rights at the community level, the Surabaya City Government issued Regional Regulation No. 3 of 2023 concerning the Implementation of Child Protection, which is then implemented through the Program of Women- and Child-Friendly Arek Suroboyo Village (KAS-RPA). Focusing on Benowo District and Kandangan Subdistrict, this study aims to examine the synergy of policies among stakeholders in the implementation of the KAS-RPA program. To obtain a real understanding of the implementation conditions, this research applied a descriptive qualitative approach through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. A shared perception among DP3APPKB Office, Benowo District, Kandangan Subdistrict, and Kandangan village cadres in supporting the implementation of the KAS-RPA program demonstrates the level of policy synergy achieved, according to the research findings. Communication patterns among institutions also take place openly and in a structured manner through regular coordination. The attitudes of policy actors indicate a positive commitment to the success of the program, supported by a clear and well-coordinated organizational structure. However, limitations in resources still exist, such as the lack of supporting facilities and the insufficient number of active cadres, affecting program optimization. The implications of these findings emphasize the importance of enhancing resource support and community participation to ensure a more sustainable implementation of the policy and a direct impact on reducing violence against women and children in Surabaya.

The implementation of management information systems is a crucial instrument for improving the effectiveness of performance and service quality in local government agencies. The digital transformation driven by national policy requires local governments to manage data and information in an integrated, accurate, and timely manner. However, in practice, the implementation of management information systems still faces various obstacles, both in terms of human resources, technological infrastructure, and organizational policy support. This study aims to analyze the implementation of management information systems in local government agencies and identify the supporting and inhibiting factors that influence it. The research method used is a qualitative approach through a literature review of national journals and relevant scientific papers published between 2021 and 2025. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically to obtain a comprehensive picture of the implementation patterns of management information systems in local government. The analysis results indicate that management information systems contribute positively to improving the effectiveness of organizational performance and the quality of public services when supported by competent personnel, available infrastructure, and leadership commitment. Conversely, weak coordination, limited human resources, and resistance to change are the main factors hindering implementation. This research is expected to serve as evaluation material and a reference for local governments in optimizing the implementation of management information systems on a sustainable basis.

Efficient and integrated public transportation services are a strategic need in sustainable urban development. The Surabaya City Government through the Transportation Department initiated the Wira-Wiri Feeder service on the Bratang-Pasar Turi route (FD07) as a feeder mode that connects densely active areas in the east and west of the city. This study aims to evaluate the implementation and performance of FD07 services using the public policy evaluation framework of William N. Dunn (2003) which includes the dimensions of effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, justice, responsiveness, and policy accuracy. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the implementation of FD07 services has been running according to operational procedures with an average of 651 passengers per day, supported by field supervision and the Surabaya Integrated Urban Transport System (SIUTS) digital system. However, there are still obstacles in the form of limited fleet numbers, non-professional drivers, limitations of senior mechanics, and inadequate system development budgets. Dunn's six-dimensional evaluation shows that the effectiveness and efficiency of the service are in the medium category, with the main challenges being the accuracy of schedules and the accessibility of bus stop facilities for people with disabilities. This study concludes that improving the quality of human resources, adding fleets, strengthening digital systems, and massive public socialization are strategic steps to realize effective, inclusive, and sustainable feeder services in the city of Surabaya.

The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum is a national education policy aimed at enhancing the quality of learning through a more flexible, student-centered approach that emphasizes character strengthening. However, the implementation of this curriculum in Islamic schools based on pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) presents unique challenges that require in-depth study. This research aims to describe the challenges faced by teachers in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum at MANU Putra Buntet Pesantren and to examine the school's readiness in supporting its execution. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, semi-structured interviews with the Vice Principal for Curriculum Affairs, and documentation. The results indicate that the Merdeka Curriculum has been implemented in grades X and XI, but its execution is not yet fully optimal. The main challenges faced by teachers include low student engagement in learning, demands for adapting to rapid policy changes from the government and the Ministry of Religious Affairs, as well as limitations in supporting learning facilities and infrastructure. Nevertheless, the character of MANU Putra Buntet Pesantren as an Islamic school based on pesantren serves as a strength in integrating Islamic values into learning. The implications of this research highlight the need for mentoring, more intensive socialization, and improved facilities to ensure the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in Islamic schools can be more effective and aligned with the objectives of Islamic education.

The School-Based Curriculum (KSP) is an operational curriculum developed by educational units to align learning objectives with the characteristics of students, local potentials, and the evolving needs of society. KSP provides schools with autonomy to develop curricula that are relevant to their local context, allowing for variations in the approach to learning. This article aims to discuss the basic concept of KSP, the challenges in its implementation, and its evaluation in the context of Indonesian education. The research method used is a literature review, analyzing theories and regulations related to KSP. The results show that KSP plays a strategic role in providing schools with the flexibility to develop curricula that meet the needs of the region and students. However, the implementation of KSP still faces various challenges, such as limited teacher competencies, insufficient understanding of curriculum principles, and weak evaluation and supervision of curriculum implementation. To address these challenges, the evaluation of KSP implementation needs to be strengthened by improving teachers' competencies, developing relevant learning materials, and enhancing ongoing curriculum supervision. By doing so, KSP can be optimized to achieve better educational outcomes in Indonesia.  

This study aims to analyze the concept of modern governance in public service delivery using a descriptive qualitative approach through an extensive literature review. Modern governance is understood as a governance model that emphasizes collaboration, transparency, adaptability, and the involvement of multiple actors within policy networks. The data were collected from books, journal articles, international institutional documents, and previous research relevant to governance and public administration. The findings indicate that modern governance significantly contributes to improving public service effectiveness, particularly through digital innovation, data integration, and collaborative mechanisms between government institutions and citizens. Several case studies—such as public service innovations in Surabaya, Surakarta, and various village administrations—demonstrate that this model can accelerate service processes and enhance public satisfaction. However, the implementation of modern governance still faces challenges, including limited resources, rigid bureaucratic culture, low public participation, and the inconsistent application of good governance principles. This study concludes that modern governance holds substantial potential to strengthen the quality of public services in Indonesia, yet requires strong governmental commitment, technological readiness, and active community involvement to be effectively implemented.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the LAPORBUP application in improving public information services and identify obstacles to its implementation at the East Lombok Regency Communication and Informatics Office. LAPORBUP is a digital-based public service innovation that makes it easier for the public to convey complaints, aspirations, and suggestions quickly, transparently, and accountably. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The data obtained are analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results show that the implementation of LAPORBUP is able to improve the quality of public information services through a more practical, open, and responsive reporting system. The public can monitor the progress of reports through a ticket system, while the government uses report data as a basis for policy evaluation. In addition, socialization through various media has also encouraged increased public understanding and use of the application. However, the implementation of LAPORBUP still faces several obstacles. Internal obstacles include limited human resources, minimal technical training, and limited operational budget. Meanwhile, external obstacles include low digital literacy among the public and a lack of awareness among some residents in utilizing the service. Thus, LAPORBUP has made a positive contribution to strengthening public information services in East Lombok Regency. Through increased human resource capacity, enhanced digital literacy, and adequate budget support, this application has the potential to become a model for technology-based public service innovation that can strengthen government-community relations and support transparent, accountable, and responsive governance

This study aims to analyze the role of vocational education in strengthening human capital in the era of Industry 5.0 through a case study of students at SMK Entrepreneur Indonesia Sragen. Vocational education is a crucial component in developing competent, adaptive, and innovative human resources in the face of technological disruption and changing job market needs. Using a descriptive-qualitative approach, this study examines how the implementation of a competency-based curriculum, entrepreneurship training, and collaboration with the industrial world can improve the quality of human capital. The results show that vocational education at SMK Entrepreneur Indonesia Sragen successfully improves students' technical abilities, digital skills, and entrepreneurial spirit, thus better preparing them to face the demands of the world of work in the era of Industry 5.0. In addition, policy support, teacher training, and technology-based learning facilities also strengthen learning outcomes. This study confirms that vocational education plays a strategic role in producing productive, creative, and globally competitive graduates. Strengthening human capital through vocational education is a key factor in accelerating Indonesia's economic transformation towards an intelligent and highly competitive society in the digital era.

This article aims to explore the application of local wisdom values ​​in the Love-Based Curriculum at Islamic Elementary Schools (MI) as a strategy for building character, strengthening cultural identity, and strengthening humanity-oriented education. The Love-Based Curriculum focuses on the values ​​of compassion, empathy, social responsibility, and respect for diversity, which are integrated into all subject areas. The integration of cultural and local elements serves to increase the connection between education and the realities of students' lives. This study is compiled based on research findings regarding the implementation of the Love Curriculum at MI Al-Islah Palembang and research related to local wisdom-based learning at Islamic Elementary Schools. The results of the analysis indicate that the application of love values ​​and local wisdom makes a positive contribution to character formation, increasing learning motivation, and strengthening students' cultural identity. The main challenges lie in the limited availability of learning tools, the need for teacher training, and adequate policy support.

The era of globalization has introduced new dynamics in the practice of citizenship and the protection of human rights (HR), both at national and international levels. The background of this study stems from the increasing flow of migration, the rapid development of information technology, and the interconnectedness of global economic and political systems, all of which challenge the traditional concept of citizenship and mechanisms for protecting HR. The aim of this research is to analyze the relevance of citizenship in the context of globalization and to examine the effectiveness of human rights protection in addressing cross-border issues. The method employed is a literature study with a qualitative-descriptive approach, drawing on academic sources, international legal instruments, and national regulations concerning citizenship and HR. The findings indicate that globalization expands the scope of citizen participation, but simultaneously creates new vulnerabilities, such as discrimination against migrants, weak digital protection, and gaps in access to justice. On the other hand, international legal instruments and the role of transnational organizations have shown potential in strengthening protection, although their implementation still faces challenges at the domestic level. In conclusion, citizenship in the globalization era is no longer limited to a legal-formal identity, but also encompasses universal rights that demand states to enhance global collaboration, regulatory harmonization, and policy innovation in human rights protection.

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of the United States in the Cold War rivalry against the Soviet Union, spanning from the end of World War II to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The research focuses on the political, military, ideological, and economic strategies employed by the United States to contain the spread of communism through the implementation of the containment doctrine, the establishment of security alliances such as NATO, and economic assistance programs such as the Marshall Plan. The findings reveal that the rivalry between the two superpowers extended beyond military and structural domains, reaching into technological competition through the nuclear arms race and the Space Race, as well as geopolitical confrontations manifested in proxy wars across Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America. The theoretical framework, which incorporates perspectives from realism, liberalism, and constructivism, demonstrates that U.S. actions were shaped by a combination of power interests, ideological identity, and the pursuit of global leadership. Further analysis indicates that these strategies had a profound impact on the formation of the post–Cold War international order and continue to influence contemporary global politics. The study concludes that the involvement of the United States in the Cold War was a long-term strategic process that not only determined the direction of the conflict itself but also played a crucial role in shaping modern geopolitical structures and international relations.

This study examines the impact of government policies on the distribution and quality of Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers in Indonesia, as a crucial component in efforts to improve the quality of education services during the golden age. Governmment policies such as the Minister of Education and Culture Regulation No. 137 of 2014 concerning National PAUD Standards, tiered training, teacher certification, Teacher Professional Education (PPG), and the Teacher Mover program have significantly contributed to improving educator competency. However, the implementation of these policies still faces various obstacles, particularly related to the unequal distribution of educators between urban and 3T areas, limited access to education, and the low welfare of non-civil servant teachers. The study results indicate that government policies have increased teacher awareness of the importance of academic qualifications and professional competencies, but the impact on equity has not been optimal due to geographical factors and unequal regional support. This analysis emphasizes the need to strengthen the data-based teacher needs mapping system, improve ongoing training programs, and provide more appropriate welfare support for PAUD teachers. Therefore, collaboration between the central government, regional governments, professional organizations, and the community is key to ensuring the distribution of educators and improving the quality of PAUD services nationally. This study is expected to serve as a reference in developing more effective and equitable policies for PAUD educators in Indonesia.

Changes in working-hour policies can bring both positive and negative impacts to an organization. At a private university, the implementation of such a policy has generated noticeable reactions among employees, particularly administrative staff who are directly affected by daily operational regulations. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the revised working-hour policy, specifically how it is understood, practiced, and accepted by administrative personnel. In addition, the study examines the relationship between employees’ acceptance of the policy and Barnard’s theory of acceptance of authority, which emphasizes four conditions that must be met for individuals to willingly comply with directives or regulations. The results show that violations of the working-hour policy fall into the low category at 64%, medium at 24%, and high at only 12%. These findings indicate that the majority of administrative staff still attempt to comply with the policy despite adjustments that may be perceived as burdensome. Among the four conditions supporting compliance according to Barnard, the belief that the policy does not conflict with personal goals was found to have a significant relationship with the level of violation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.304 and a significance value of 0.032. This suggests that the greater the alignment between the policy and individual goals, the lower the likelihood of violation. Future studies are needed to convert violation rates into compliance measures so that the direction of the correlation can be interpreted more accurately.

This study examines governance theory as a transformative paradigm in local government management, with a particular focus on the maritime sector in Bintan Regency. Governance represents a shift from a hierarchical government model to a more collaborative, participatory, and network-based model involving various stakeholders, including government institutions, local communities, and the private sector. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study utilizes secondary data sources, including local government reports, academic publications, and related policy documents. The findings show that Bintan Regency has begun to implement governance principles through multisectoral cooperation, community empowerment, and sustainable marine programs. However, the implementation of governance in maritime management in Bintan still faces challenges, such as weak institutional capacity, overlapping authority, and limited human resources. This study concludes that the governance paradigm provides a strategic foundation for building a participatory, transparent, and sustainable framework for maritime management at the local level. Therefore, it is essential to continue addressing these challenges to ensure that governance can be more effective in improving the management of maritime resources in Bintan.

The transformation of education in the digital era demands a strong moral foundation to ensure that technological advancement does not erode human values. Pancasila, as the ideological and ethical foundation of Indonesia, plays a crucial role in guiding educational transformation to remain rooted in national moral values. This study aims to analyze the relevance and implementation of Pancasila values in shaping the morality of Generation Z amid the digitalization of education. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach through literature review, policy analysis, and observation of students’ digital behavior. The findings indicate that the internalization of Pancasila values within the digital education ecosystem contributes to strengthening character, ethical responsibility, and national awareness among Generation Z. However, key challenges include the lack of moral value integration in digital content and weak role modeling within educational environments. In conclusion, Pancasila-based educational transformation is not merely a technological innovation but a moral process that requires synergy among the government, educators, and society to create a humanistic, ethical, and civilized digital ecosystem.