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Desa Karangrau di Kecamatan Banyumas memiliki lahan subur yang sebagian besar ditanami durian hasil persilangan lokal dan Musangking. Pertanian, terutama budidaya durian, menjadi mata pencaharian utama warga. Para petani tergabung dalam Gapoktan Sumber Makmur dan KWT Setia Tani yang berperan dalam pengelolaan hasil panen. Namun, terdapat beberapa kendala seperti keterbatasan pengetahuan teknik budidaya modern, perawatan tradisional tanpa dukungan teknologi, serta sistem irigasi yang belum optimal. KWT Setia Tani juga menghadapi tantangan dalam pengolahan produk turunan durian akibat minimnya pengetahuan diversifikasi. Padahal, durian berpotensi diolah menjadi roti, selai, tepung, hingga pemanfaatan limbah sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Melalui peningkatan pengetahuan, teknologi, dan inovasi pengolahan, Desa Karangrau berpeluang menjadi sentra durian unggulan yang mampu meningkatkan nilai tambah dan kesejahteraan masyarakatnya.Desa Karangrau di Kecamatan Banyumas memiliki lahan subur yang sebagian besar ditanami durian hasil persilangan lokal dan Musangking. Pertanian, terutama budidaya durian, menjadi mata pencaharian utama warga. Para petani tergabung dalam Gapoktan Sumber Makmur dan KWT Setia Tani yang berperan dalam pengelolaan hasil panen. Namun, terdapat beberapa kendala seperti keterbatasan pengetahuan teknik budidaya modern, perawatan tradisional tanpa dukungan teknologi, serta sistem irigasi yang belum optimal. KWT Setia Tani juga menghadapi tantangan dalam pengolahan produk turunan durian akibat minimnya pengetahuan diversifikasi. Padahal, durian berpotensi diolah menjadi roti, selai, tepung, hingga pemanfaatan limbah sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Melalui peningkatan pengetahuan, teknologi, dan inovasi pengolahan, Desa Karangrau berpeluang menjadi sentra durian unggulan yang mampu meningkatkan nilai tambah dan kesejahteraan masyarakatnya.

The increasing number of employees and vehicles at the Head Office of PT Bukit Asam Tbk Tanjung Enim has created a growing demand for adequate parking facilities. Limited parking space tends to encourage the use of on-street parking, which may lead to traffic congestion and reduce the comfort of the office environment. This study aims to analyze parking capacity and provide optimal management recommendations. The research was conducted through a preliminary survey, literature review, collection of primary and secondary data, and descriptive analysis to determine the parking space requirements for each type of vehicle. The results show that the maximum parking duration for cars and motorcycles is 440 minutes, with peak volumes of 142 vehicles/hour for cars and 124 vehicles/hour for motorcycles at 06.00–06.59. The parking index reached 96.52% for cars and 73.33% for motorcycles. The available static capacity is 115 SRP for cars and 210 SRP for motorcycles, while the ideal parking space requirement is 122 SRP for cars and 151 SRP for motorcycles. In conclusion, the current parking capacity is sufficient for motorcycles but insufficient for cars. Therefore, optimization of parking patterns, such as adjusting the parking angle to 90°, is necessary to increase capacity and improve convenience for all employees.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi promosi yang diterapkan oleh Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (DPMPTSP) Provinsi Jawa Tengah dalam meningkatkan kepeminatan investasi. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi kasus, menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi, dokumentasi, serta analisis data model Miles & Huberman. Untuk memperkuat temuan, digunakan kombinasi analisis SWOT dan model AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi promosi DPMPTSP berada dalam posisi strategi agresif (kuadran I SWOT) dengan pendekatan pertumbuhan selektif. Meskipun telah memanfaatkan media digital, infrastruktur, dan kemitraan strategis, terdapat sejumlah kelemahan seperti keterbatasan data lahan, rendahnya visualisasi konten promosi, serta kurangnya evaluasi efektivitas media. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan sistem informasi promosi berbasis data real-time, pengembangan konten multibahasa, serta sinergi lintas lembaga untuk meningkatkan daya saing investasi Jawa Tengah.

This research analyzes land cover changes in the Langge Sub-watershed, Tapa District, Bone Bolango Regency, over five years from 2019 to 2023. Population growth and increasing land needs are driving significant land use changes. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with spatial analysis using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The analysis results show significant changes in land cover, with water body areas decreasing from 28.50 ha to 21.69 ha, settlements dropping from 55.45 ha to 52.02 ha, and secondary forests experiencing a drastic decline from 462.83 ha to 319.13 ha. Meanwhile, dryland areas increased from 172.24 ha to 227.17 ha, and shrubland experienced a significant increase from 121.07 ha to 247.91 ha. The decline in secondary forest cover is a significant concern because it negatively impacts environmental quality and potentially increases the risk of disasters such as floods and erosion. This research underscores the importance of sustainable management for maintaining ecosystem function and minimizing the negative impacts of land cover change.

Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat bertujuan meningkatkan pendapatan petani sawit rakyat selama masa replanting dengan metode tumpang sari, untuk mengoptimalkan lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini menggunakan penyuluhan, diskusi, dan kunjungan ke kelompok tani di Desa Jaharun, Kecamatan Galang, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara. Program ini mengedukasi petani mengenai tanaman hortikultura, rempah, dan tanaman bernilai ekonomis lain yang dapat ditanam di sela kelapa sawit. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa tumpang sari memberikan pendapatan tambahan. Petani memilih ubi kayu dan pisang barangan karena cocok dengan kondisi agroklimat lokal dan memiliki pasar yang stabil. Simpulan pengabdian ini meningkatkan kesadaran dan keterampilan petani dalam memanfaatkan lahan secara produktif dan berkelanjutan. Kontribusi keilmuan kegiatan ini adalah membuktikan efektivitas tumpang sari dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan lokal dan kesejahteraan petani selama replanting kelapa sawit.

This study aims to identify the causes of the conflict, analyze its impacts on natural resource management, and examine it through Karl Marx’s conflict theory. This research employed a qualitative method with a case study approach. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with landowners, the village government,and community leaders. Secondary data were collected from official documents and related literature. Data analysis was conducted descriptively and qualitatively, referring to Karl Marx’s key concepts such as class conflict, control over the means of production, and alienation. The findings reveal that the conflict is caused by unclear land ownership status, the village government’s economic interests, lack of communication and transparency, and overlapping regulations. The impacts include hampered natural resource management and conservation, uncontrolled exploitation of resources, decreased community participation in sustainable tourism development, and potential environmental damage due to uncoordinated land use. Based on Karl Marx’s analysis, the conflict reflects class struggle between landowners as the dominant class and the village government as the managing class seeking to take over the resources. This study suggests the need for clear regulations, transparent decision-making processes, and active participation from all parties to achieve fair and sustainable natural resource management.

The community service activity conducted in Toapaya Selatan aimed to introduce an innovative planting and fertilizer applicator tool based on PVC pipes as an appropriate technology. This program was motivated by the persistence of manual farming practices that require excessive labor, time, and costs, while often resulting in uneven fertilizer distribution that reduces crop productivity. The implementation method adopted a participatory approach, consisting of preparation, counseling, demonstrations, field practice, and evaluation involving local farmers. Training sessions included hands-on practice to ensure that participants not only understood the theoretical aspects but also acquired practical skills in using and assembling the tool. The results indicate that the application of the pipe-based tool improved labor efficiency, reduced fertilization time, and enhanced the uniformity of fertilizer distribution on plantation land. These improvements were directly reflected in better crop maintenance and more sustainable use of resources. Farmers’ high enthusiasm and active participation demonstrated the success of this simple yet impactful technology transfer. Nevertheless, several challenges were encountered, including limited technical understanding among some participants, difficulties in replicating the tool independently, and restricted availability of tool-making materials in the local market. Overall, this innovation has the potential to contribute significantly to increasing local agricultural productivity. Further training, continuous mentoring, and institutional as well as financial support from the village government are strongly recommended to ensure the sustainability, scalability, and long-term adoption of this appropriate technology.

Abandoned mining sites often experience a decline in soil fertility, which impacts soil quality and agricultural sustainability. This study aims to explore the potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens in rehabilitating limestone mining lands and enhancing the growth of Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) trees grown in polybag media. Sengon was selected as a pioneer species due to its resilience in degraded soils and its ability to improve soil structure. This study used an experimental design involving eight different treatments, which included the application of manure and varying concentrations of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Evaluations were conducted on the 25th and 50th days by measuring plant growth parameters such as plant height, root length, and key soil chemical properties, including pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The results showed that the application of 15 mL of Pseudomonas fluorescens on day 50 resulted in optimal plant growth, as indicated by an increase in plant height, root length, and soil quality improvement. The application of Pseudomonas fluorescens also enhanced soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity, all of which contributed to the improvement of soil fertility in the limestone mining land. This study provides evidence that Pseudomonas fluorescens can play a role in the rehabilitation of abandoned mining lands and improve the growth of Sengon trees, contributing to the recovery of degraded ecosystems.

Mining, especially open-pit mining, can have an impact on the environment and biodiversity. PT Semen Baturaja's limestone mining has an impact on the environment. Therefore, reclamation is necessary to restore the disturbed environmental conditions. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of Paenibacillus polymyxa bacteria on post-limestone mining soil content and sengon plant growth in polybag media. This study uses an experimental method to observe the effect of treatment application. The treatments applied consist of three bacterial doses: 15 mL, 30 mL, and 45 mL. This study will observe sengon growth with the assistance of bacteria and manure fertilizer using polybag media. The parameters observed include soil pH, plant height, root length, as well as organic carbon (C-Organik), total nitrogen (N-Total), potential phosphorus (P Potensial), potential potassium (K Potensial), and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC).  The results of the study indicate that the application of Paenibacillus polymyxa bacteria can enhance soil nutrient content and support sengon plant growth. Soil nutrient content results show significant improvements in nutrient levels in former limestone mine soil. The best treatment was demonstrated by the 45 mL dose, which exhibited the highest increase in nutrient content.

The land of the former Pit B limestone mine of PT Semen Baturaja has failed to plant and grow dwarf plants at several locations due to low nutrient content, such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Soil PH, C-Organic, and cation exchange capacity (KTK). This condition causes the plant not to grow optimally. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of Rhizobium sp bacteria on the growth of Sengon plants (Falcataria moluccana) using polybag media on the land. The method used was an experiment with the treatment of giving Rhizobium sp in various doses. The results of the study showed that the administration of Rhizobium sp had a real effect on increasing the growth of sengon plants. Based on laboratory observations and analysis, there is a change in soil pH from slightly alkaline to neutral after treatment. The C-Organic content increased from medium to very high, while the Nitrogen content rose from medium to high. The elements of Phosphorus, Potassium, and KTK have also increased significantly and are classified as very high. The best treatment is obtained at a dose of 30 grams of Rhizobium sp, which gives optimal results on an increase in plant height and root length. These findings suggest that the application of Rhizobium sp can be an effective biotechnology alternative in post-mining land rehabilitation, particularly in improving soil fertility and forestry crop productivity. This research contributes to environmental management and the use of microorganisms in the restoration of degraded ecosystems.

Isu keterbatasan lahan di wilayah perkotaan mendorong perlunya solusi alternatif untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini berfokus pada pengembangan urban farming di Kelurahan Bukit Duri dengan melibatkan kader TP PKK sebagai mitra utama. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan teknis, keterampilan, serta kemandirian warga dalam memanfaatkan ruang mikro melalui sistem hidroponik dan pemanfaatan lahan vertikal maupun horizontal. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pelatihan, workshop, praktik instalasi hidroponik, penyemaian, hingga panen dan pengelolaan pasca panen. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan peningkatan kapasitas kader PKK dalam praktik urban farming, terbentuknya kebun percontohan yang aktif dirawat, serta pemanfaatan hasil panen untuk konsumsi rumah tangga dan pengembangan produk melalui branding sederhana. Program ini memberikan manfaat multidimensi: sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan, serta mendorong keberlanjutan pemberdayaan masyarakat berbasis komunitas.

This study aims to analyze land cover changes in Pariaman City in 2013, 2018, and 2024 using Landsat-8 imagery with the support of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and the Classification and Regression Trees (CART) algorithm. Land cover change is a critical issue in Pariaman City, as population growth, infrastructure development, and economic activities have driven significant land conversion. The classification generated eight land cover classes representing the general condition of the area. The analysis revealed that rice fields were the dominant land cover in all three periods; however, they experienced a substantial decline, indicating land conversion, particularly into settlements and road networks. In addition, the area of mangrove forests and water bodies in coastal regions decreased, while plantation areas in the eastern and southern parts of the city increased. Conversely, river land cover remained the smallest category, with annual fluctuations. The identified change patterns included urban sprawl (expansion of settlements into suburban areas), the conversion of productive land into infrastructure, and coastal degradation due to human activities and natural factors. The accuracy assessment produced overall accuracy and a Kappa index above 80%, while validation using the Mapping Accuracy method through Google Earth showed per-class accuracy rates above 75%, categorized as very good. These findings indicate that the use of satellite imagery and the CART algorithm in GEE is effective for monitoring land cover dynamics while providing valuable insights for local governments in formulating sustainable development policies and managing coastal environments such as those in Pariaman City.

Flooding is a hydrometeorological disaster that frequently occurs in Jayapura City, especially in the catchment areas along the Acai River Basin. One of the main factors causing flooding is increased sedimentation triggered by massive land-use changes. This study aims to analyze the relationship between land conversion, increased sedimentation, and flooding in the catchment areas belonging to the Acai River during the period 2014–2024. The method used is a mixed-method approach that combines quantitative, qualitative, and spatial analysis. Data were collected through satellite image interpretation, field surveys, sedimentation measurements, and interviews with the community and related agencies. Spatial analysis was conducted to identify the dynamics of land-use changes and sedimentation zoning. Meanwhile, hydrological analysis was conducted using the Mononobe method and rational calculations to calculate the maximum flood discharge based on annual rainfall and runoff coefficient. The results of the study indicate that over the past decade there has been an increase in built-up land area of ​​more than 80%, which has resulted in an increase in runoff coefficients from 0.223 in 2014 to 0.370 in 2024. The maximum flood discharge has also increased significantly from 60.56 m³/s to 100.41 m³/s. Furthermore, river sedimentation has also increased drastically, especially in the middle and downstream parts of the watershed. The correlation map shows that areas experiencing significant land use conversion are also locations with high sedimentation levels and recurrent flooding. These findings indicate a strong link between land use conversion and increased flood risk through sedimentation mechanisms that provide river channel capacity. Therefore, an integrated watershed management strategy is needed, including controlling land use conversion and restoring riverbank vegetation to minimize the impact of future flooding.

Fenomena urbanisasi yang terjadi di berbagai kota di Indonesia telah mendorong pertumbuhan penduduk dan pembangunan yang berlangsung sangat cepat. Dampak dari kondisi ini adalah terjadinya pembangunan di wilayah pinggiran kota, yang dikenal sebagai urban sprawl. Fenomena tersebut tidak hanya menyebabkan penggunaan lahan menjadi tidak teratur dan kurang optimal, tetapi juga mengakibatkan berkurangnya ruang terbuka hijau akibat alih fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi kawasan terbangun yang pada akhirnya berpotensi menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deduktif kuantitatif yang bersifat preskriptif dengan cara melibatkan teori compact city sebelum melakukan analisis tingkat kekompakan rencana eksisting kawasan melalui perhitungan terkait atribut – atribut compact city. Secara keseluruhan, hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kekompakan kawasan Bukit Halimun berada dalam kategori cukup. Namun demikian, masih terdapat dua aspek penting yang perlu ditingkatkan, yaitu kepadatan penduduk yang masih tergolong rendah dan sistem transportasi umum yang tergolong buruk.

Transportasi memiliki peran penting dalam mobilitas masyarakat, namun juga memicu berbagai permasalahan, terutama di kawasan urban. Transit Oriented Development (TOD) merupakan pendekatan tata ruang yang mengintegrasikan transportasi dan tata guna lahan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pergerakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian penerapan prinsip TOD pada rute BRT Koridor 7 berdasarkan persepsi pengguna dalam radius 800 meter. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan dasar pemikiran deduktif serta menggunakan metode survei dan kuesioner. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik multistage random sampling dengan jumlah 6 halte BRT dan pengguna BRT sebagai responden. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis spasial buffer, skoring, dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, berdasarkan analisis spasial hanya 14–28% halte Koridor 7 memenuhi prinsip TOD dan tergolong kategori rendah. Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil persepsi pengguna mencatat skor 3,541 (33,09%) yang mengindikasikan tingkat kesesuaian sedang. Perbedaan hasil ini dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan indikator: analisis spasial mengacu pada prinsip 3D (Diversity, Density, Design), sedangkan survei persepsi berdasarkan pada prinsip 8 ITDP (2017). Hasil penelitian menegaskan pentingnya integrasi pendekatan spasial dan persepsi pengguna dalam menilai kesesuaian TOD untuk optimalisasi transportasi massal di Kota Semarang.

Class C sand mining activities in Nagari Aia Dingin, Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency have been ongoing since 1999 and continue to expand to this day. This mining provides economic contributions to the local community, but on the other hand, it also has a significant impact on the environment, particularly on land cover changes. This study aims to analyze changes in open land caused by sand mining activities, using remote sensing technology as a monitoring tool. The approach used is descriptive quantitative, through the interpretation of Google Earth satellite imagery in 2015 and 2018 and Sentinel-2 imagery in 2024. Spatial analysis was conducted with the help of ArcGIS software to obtain a visual and numerical picture of land cover changes. The results of the study indicate a significant increase in the area of sand mining from 2015 to 2024. In 2015, the mining area was recorded at 8.72 hectares, and increased to 22.14 hectares in 2024. This indicates an increase in mining land area of 13.42 hectares over a nine-year period. Land use conversion has occurred on a massive scale, from dryland forest, scrubland, and dryland areas to open-pit mining areas. This land cover change has the potential to cause environmental degradation such as erosion, reduced biodiversity, and disruption to regional water systems. These findings underscore the importance of stricter monitoring and sustainable spatial planning in natural resource management. The use of remote sensing technology has proven effective in monitoring the dynamics of land use change and can serve as a basis for formulating environmental policies that are more responsive to the impacts of mining activities.

Produksi padi di Indonesia, termasuk Kabupaten Sidoarjo, menghadapi berbagai tantangan seperti alih fungsi lahan, perubahan iklim, dan keterbatasan infrastruktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan potensi produksi padi secara spasial di Kabupaten Sidoarjo dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Metode yang digunakan meliputi analisis spasial untuk menggambarkan sebaran luas baku sawah, tanam, panen, irigasi, dan produktivitas di tingkat kecamatan, serta analisis deskriptif untuk menafsirkan hasil pemetaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wilayah dengan sistem irigasi teknis dan luas baku sawah yang masih terjaga, seperti Kecamatan Tarik, Sukodono, dan Wonoayu, memiliki produktivitas yang relatif tinggi. Pemetaan spasial berbasis SIG terbukti efektif dalam mengidentifikasi wilayah potensial yang mendukung pengelolaan produksi padi secara lebih terarah. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemanfaatan SIG sebagai alat strategis dalam perencanaan pertanian dan pengambilan kebijakan yang berbasis data spasial untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan di Kabupaten Sidoarjo.

The development of built-up land in Tanjungpinang City has demonstrated rapid spatial dynamics, in line with the increasing intensity of urban activities since its designation as the capital of Riau Islands Province in 2002. This study aims to analyze the changes in built-up land in Tanjungpinang City over the period 2003 to 2023 and to identify the key factors driving this transformation. The research employed spatial analysis based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), utilizing satellite imagery maps from the years 2003, 2013, and 2023. The findings indicate that built-up land expanded from 1,133.91 hectares (8%) in 2003 to 3,848.67 hectares (26%) in 2023, with the predominant direction of expansion occurring toward the eastern and southern parts of the city. The primary factors contributing to this growth include population increase, the development of new activity centers such as Pulau Dompak, and the construction of major infrastructure, notably the development of DI Panjaitan streets. These results suggest a growing tendency toward urban sprawl in the physical development of Tanjungpinang City, thus requiring adaptive and sustainable spatial planning strategies.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pelayanan kendaraan pada Satuan Angkutan Akademi Angkatan Laut (AAL) serta merumuskan strategi peningkatan pelayanan kendaraan guna mengoptimalkan tugas pokok organisasi. Dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT, penelitian ini mengevaluasi kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan ancaman yang ada dalam pengelolaan kendaraan dinas di AAL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya permasalahan seperti kekurangan personel terutama pengemudi, jumlah kendaraan yang terbatas karena ada beberapa kendaraan yang rusak ringan atau rusak berat, dan fasilitas lahan parkir kendaraan atau garasi serta fasilitas pemeliharaan dan perbaikan kendaraan kurang memadai. Dari analisis menggunakan SWOT, maka diperoleh kesimpulan yang meliputi: (a) Melakukan penambahan personel pengemudi dengan cara rekrutmen TNI AL dari lulusan SMK (b) Mengadakan penambahan jumlah armada kendaraan serta kenjasama dengan industri otomotif (c) Melakukan penambahan fasilitas garasi atau parkir kendaraan serta bengkel pemeliharaan dan perbaikan kendaraan berdasarkan dukungan kebijakan pengadaan aset kendaraan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan rekomendasi bagi manajemen AAL untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kendaraan, sehingga mendukung efektivitas pelaksanaan tugas pokok AAL.

Penelitian ini mengevaluasi dan membandingkan strategi pengendalian banjir di kawasan Sungai Cikeruh, Sapan, Kabupaten Bandung, yang rawan banjir akibat luapan sungai dan perubahan tata guna lahan. Analisis hidrologi menggunakan data curah hujan maksimum tahunan (2001–2023) menunjukkan bahwa distribusi Gumbel paling sesuai untuk menentukan hujan rencana. Debit puncak banjir periode ulang 20 tahun diperoleh sebesar 150 m³/s menggunakan metode Hidrograf Satuan Sintetis (SCS) yang telah dikalibrasi. Simulasi hidraulika dengan HEC-RAS 2D membandingkan kondisi existing dengan dua alternatif: pembangunan tanggul dan normalisasi sungai. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan tanggul efektif menghilangkan genangan, sementara normalisasi sungai meningkatkan kapasitas aliran dari 75 m³/s menjadi 136,67 m³/s, meskipun terdapat kebocoran pada drainase kecil. Evaluasi alternatif menggunakan metode Weighted Average berdasarkan tujuh kriteria, termasuk efektivitas, biaya, dan dampak sosial. Hasilnya, pembangunan tanggul dipilih sebagai solusi paling efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi teknis dalam perencanaan pengendalian banjir Sapan, dengan penekanan pada pentingnya pemeliharaan sistem secara berkelanjutan.