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The fiqh principle stating that a leader’s policies and actions toward the people must be based on public welfare is an Islamic legal principle emphasizing that every action and policy of a leader should be oriented toward the interests and well-being of society. This study aims to examine the meaning, normative foundations, concepts, and implementation of this principle in state governance. The research employs a library research method with a normative approach through the analysis of the Qur’an, Hadith, fiqh literature, scholarly journals, and relevant legislation. The findings indicate that this principle has a strong foundation in the Qur’an and Hadith, particularly regarding trustworthiness, justice, and the responsibility of leaders toward their people. Conceptually, this principle is closely related to the theories of maqashid al-shari’ah and siyasah shar’iyyah, which place public welfare as the primary objective of Islamic law. In practice, the principle is applied in various fields, including public administration, law and legislation, religious policies, as well as economic and fiscal policies. Its implementation can be seen in policies concerning the prohibition of interfaith marriage, marriage dispensation, marriage legalization hearings (isbat), the suspension of Hajj departures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the management of state finances during the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. Therefore, this principle demonstrates that Islamic law possesses flexible and adaptive characteristics while maintaining a strong orientation toward public welfare, making it relevant to modern systems of governance.

This research aims to analyze and compare traditional Islamic education systems in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, focusing on institutional aspects, education systems, learning methods, and curricula. Using a literature study method with a descriptive qualitative approach, this research examines various relevant literature regarding the dynamics of Islamic education in Southeast Asia. The results show that the three countries share fundamental similarities in educational forms, such as pesantren or pondok, which focus on Islamic sciences and moral cultivation. However, significant differences exist in management patterns and the level of integration with government policies. Indonesia maintains a variety of salaf and modern pesantren, Malaysia exhibits a more structured system integrated with the state, while Thailand specifically in the Patani region tends to be adaptive in response to its Muslim minority status. This comparison concludes that the development of traditional Islamic education systems in each country is heavily influenced by the respective social and political contexts.

This study examines the concept of compassion-based education (rahmatan lil ‘alamin) from the perspective of Islamic educational philosophy and its relevance to bullying prevention in Islamic educational institutions. The study is motivated by the tendency of modern education to emphasize cognitive achievement while giving less attention to moral and affective development, resulting in the persistence of bullying behavior in educational settings. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research. Data were collected from the works of Muslim scholars, scientific journals, and relevant literature on Islamic education and analyzed through content analysis. The findings reveal that compassion-based education is built upon the integration of moral development, purification of the heart, and the cultivation of adab (proper conduct). These elements contribute to the development of empathy, social concern, and moral awareness among students. Therefore, compassion-based education (rahmatan lil ‘alamin) has strong relevance as a preventive approach to reducing bullying behavior and fostering a more humane and supportive educational environment in Islamic educational institutions.

This study was conducted to examine the integration of spiritual intelligence into Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning as an effort to strengthen students’ character. At MA Al-Amien Bugih Pamekasan, some students still demonstrate a lack of discipline, responsibility, and honesty in the learning process. To address these issues, PAI teachers integrate spiritual values through religious activities and the cultivation of positive habits during classroom instruction. This study aims to describe the implementation of spiritual intelligence integration, the strategies used by teachers, and its implications for students’ character development. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation involving purposively selected informants, namely PAI teachers and students. Data analysis followed the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the findings was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The results indicate that the integration of spiritual intelligence in PAI learning has been implemented systematically through planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. Teachers incorporate spiritual values through religious practices, role modeling, learning reflections, discussions of moral values, and character assessments. These strategies contribute positively to the development of students’ character, particularly in fostering discipline, responsibility, honesty, cooperation, empathy, and independence. Although several challenges remain, including differences in students’ backgrounds, limited instructional time, and external environmental influences, the integration of spiritual values continues to support sustainable character development among students. The findings highlight the important role of spiritual intelligence in creating meaningful learning experiences and promoting positive character formation in Islamic educational settings.

The development of digital media has transformed virtual public spaces into major arenas for shaping public opinion on religious issues, including Islamic law and sharia in Indonesia. Discussions surrounding sharia on social media are frequently accompanied by stigma and misperceptions influenced by media framing, digital algorithms, and identity polarization. This study aims to analyze the construction of stigma toward Islamic law in the digital era, identify forms of sharia misperception in the Indonesian public sphere, and explain factors contributing to the reproduction of such stigma. This research employs a qualitative approach based on an integrative literature review combined with digital media discourse analysis. Data were collected through scientific literature reviews, social media observations, and analysis of digital content related to sharia discourse. The findings reveal that sharia is often associated with violence, anti-democracy, restrictions on women’s rights, and opposition to modernity due to media simplification and emotionally driven digital content. In addition, low levels of religious digital literacy and the prevalence of echo chambers reinforce the spread of stigma toward Islamic law in virtual public spaces. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening religious digital literacy and promoting moderate and inclusive Islamic narratives in contemporary digital society.

In Islam, prayer (salat) is a fundamental obligation that must be performed under all circumstances, including during illness. Muslim patients have high spiritual needs, in which religious practices serve as a source of strength in coping with disease. Although Islam provides concessions (rukhsah) in performing prayer for the sick, limitations in patients’ understanding of how to perform prayer according to their health conditions are still found. This lack of knowledge may affect the proper practice of prayer during hospitalization. Therefore, this study aims to identify patient characteristics related to the practice of prayer, to examine the level of knowledge of the five daily prayers in relation to their practice among patients, and to analyze patients’ overall level of knowledge regarding prayer. This study employed a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The results show that patient characteristics, particularly productive age and higher educational level, contribute to their ability to perform prayer during hospitalization. A significant relationship was found between the level of knowledge of prayer and its practice, where better understanding was associated with more optimal religious practice. Overall, most patients had a high level of knowledge of prayer, although a small proportion still had low knowledge, indicating the need for spiritual education. It can be concluded that the level of knowledge of prayer is associated with the quality of prayer practice among Muslim patients at RSUD Haji Makassar. Strengthening spiritual education is needed to support the fulfillment of patients’ religious needs during hospitalization.

This study explores Indonesian EFL student teachers’ experiences of learning to write news articles through blogging in a Journalism course. The study was motivated by the need to provide meaningful and genre-based writing practice for EFL student teachers, who often face difficulties in generating ideas, organizing information, meeting genre expectations, and writing for authentic aences. Employing a qualitative case study design, the study involved twenty undergraduate student teachers from a private Islamic university in Tangerang, Indonesia; all participants completed an online quetaire, and five volunteers joined follow-up semi-structured interviews. The questionnaire data were alysed descriptively, while the interview data were examined thematically. The findings indicate that blogging supported regular writing practice, helped students understand news text structure, enouraged clearer organization of headlines, leads, and supporting details, and increased engagement by allowing students to publish and share their work. Blogging also promoted peer interaction and selfevaluation because students could read, compare, and comment on one another’s posts. However, some paticpants eprienced challenges related to technical blogging skills, uncertainty about writing standards, limited peer feedback, and discomfort with public online publication. The study concludes that blogging can serve as a useful platform for EFL news writing when it is supported by explicit istrucion, relevant tasks, clear assessment criteria, structured feedback, and ethical awareness in using digital and AI-driven tools.

 This community service activity aimed to improve students’ Islamic banking literacy through an experiential learning approach based on a fiqh muamalah workshop at Latansa Darussalam Islamic Boarding School, Palembang. The activity involved 100 participants consisting of students and teachers as an effort to strengthen understanding of Islamic economic and banking principles. The methods used in the activity included lectures, discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and simulations of sharia transaction practices, enabling participants not only to gain theoretical understanding but also practical experience in implementing sharia concepts. The evaluation was conducted using pre-test and post-test instruments in the form of multiple-choice questions and Likert scales to measure participants’ level of understanding before and after the activity. The evaluation results showed an increase in the participants’ average score from 55 to 82, with a gain score of 0.6, which falls into the moderate to high category. These findings indicate that an experience-based learning approach is effective in improving conceptual and practical understanding related to Islamic economics and is recommended for broader implementation in Islamic educational institutions.

This study aims to examine the development of teachers’ multicultural competence at SMA Ta'miriyah Surabaya. The study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the principal and teachers as research informants. Data analysis applied the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, which consisted of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that the development of teachers’ multicultural competence at SMA Ta'miriyah was carried out through three main pathways. First, training programs that implicitly integrated multicultural values into general educational programs, such as the teacher mobilization program. Second, organizational development grounded in Islamic values as the foundation for fostering tolerance and respect for diversity, implemented through curriculum integration, school regulations, teacher role modeling, and collaboration among teachers. Third, career development, which remained primarily focused on academic aspects and had not explicitly incorporated indicators of multicultural competence. Teachers’ multicultural competence at SMA Ta'miriyah was reflected in three main dimensions. In terms of knowledge, teachers acquired understanding through teaching experience, formal education, and training. In terms of attitudes, teachers demonstrated tolerant and inclusive behavior when interacting with students from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. In terms of skills, teachers were able to manage classroom diversity harmoniously through adaptive and responsive pedagogical approaches that accommodated students’ differences.

This study aims to analyze the forms of tasybīh ḍimnī in Dīwān al-Imām al-Syāfi‘ī by Imam al-Shafi‘i, identify its elements (musyabbah, musyabbah bih, and wajh al-syabah), and examine the Islamic educational values contained within it. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using the content analysis method. The data consist of poetic verses containing tasybīh ḍimnī, focusing on 10 representative stanzas selected from 279 poems. The results show that tasybīh ḍimnī is an implicit form of simile that does not explicitly employ comparative particles, but is instead understood through contextual meaning relations. From the perspective of balaghah, this form is characterized by its implicit and argumentative nature, as well as its ability to construct meaning through logical analogy. The elements of tasybīh can still be identified through meaning reconstruction, even though they are not directly stated. Furthermore, the study reveals Islamic educational values encompassing the dimensions of īmān, islām, and ihsān. The value of īmān is reflected in dependence upon Allah, the value of islām in social life practices, and the value of ihsān in the cultivation of moral virtues such as patience and qanā‘ah (contentment). Thus, tasybīh ḍimnī functions not only as an aesthetic element, but also as an integrative educational medium.

 Education in vocational high schools (SMKs) requires effective data management to improve students’ academic achievement and discipline. At SMK Islam Secang, students’ academic scores and attendance data have so far functioned merely as administrative archives, making it difficult to identify patterns of student performance. This study aims to classify students based on academic achievement and discipline by applying the K-Means Clustering algorithm using RapidMiner. The data used in this study consist of scores from six subjects and attendance records of 35 students from the Light Vehicle Engineering (TKR) department over two semesters. The data were obtained from original school records, compiled using Microsoft Excel, and processed in RapidMiner. The clustering process employed four clusters for academic achievement and two clusters for discipline, with Euclidean Distance used as the similarity measure. The results show that in the first semester, students were grouped into four academic achievement clusters: high achievement (6 students), moderate achievement (7 students), potentially problematic (14 students), and problematic (8 students). In the second semester, the distribution changed to high achievement (19 students), moderate achievement (14 students), potentially problematic (4 students), and problematic (1 student). Meanwhile, student discipline was divided into two clusters: disciplined (31 students) and undisciplined (4 students). These results demonstrate that K-Means Clustering is effective in mapping student conditions, revealing patterns in academic performance and attendance, and supporting educational evaluation, learning planning, and early detection of students who require academic or disciplinary intervention. Keywords: Data Mining, K-Means Clustering, Academic Achievement, Discipline, RapidMiner, Vocational High School (SMK)

The character crisis among students has become a serious concern, marked by the rise of deviant behaviors such as bullying, drug abuse, and criminal acts committed by minors. This phenomenon underscores the urgent need to strengthen religious character through the active role of teachers in the school environment. This study aims to describe the role of teachers in shaping the religious character of Grade III students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ma'had Al-Zaytun, as well as to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors in the character formation process. A qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth observation, interviews, and documentation. Research subjects were determined using snowball sampling, while data validity was verified through source triangulation, technique triangulation, and time triangulation. The findings reveal that teachers play multiple strategic roles in shaping students' religious character, including acting as educators, instructors, mentors, motivators, evaluators, facilitators, and advisors, as well as serving as role models and fostering habitual religious practices. Supporting factors in religious character formation include the availability of school facilities and infrastructure, along with various religious activities within the school environment. Inhibiting factors consist of internal factors related to students' individual characteristics and external factors stemming from the home environment. These findings affirm that the teacher's role is multidimensional and requires synergy between the school and family environment to effectively cultivate strong religious character in students.

The acceleration of digitalization in recent years has shaped a new socio-economic landscape in Indonesia. Access to app-based financial services and online entertainment has increased rapidly, but at the same time, illegal online lending and digital gambling, targeting adolescents, have flourished. This paper explores a Community Service intervention model that combines preventative digital literacy and artificial intelligence (AI) optimization within the La Tansa Islamic Boarding School in Palembang. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and written reflection analysis. Findings indicate that strengthening digital literacy based on critical awareness not only improves risk understanding but also deepens self-control integrated with religious values. AI training for educators also encourages changes in learning practices to be more adaptive and reflective of the dynamics of the digital era. This model offers a digital resilience approach that can be replicated in other educational institutions with similar characteristics.

This study aimed to examine: (1) the effect of Scout coaching on students’ character development; (2) the effect of SISPALA coaching on students’ character development; and (3) the simultaneous effect of Scout and SISPALA coaching on students’ character development at Darussalam Pannyangkalang Islamic Senior High School, Gowa Regency. This research employed a descriptive correlational quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of all students actively participating in Scout and SISPALA activities. Using total sampling, 24 students were selected as respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and documentation and analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression with SPSS. The findings revealed that Scout coaching had a positive and significant effect on students’ character development (t = 4.083, p = 0.000 < 0.05). SISPALA coaching also had a positive and significant effect (t = 2.888, p = 0.009 < 0.05). Simultaneously, Scout and SISPALA coaching significantly affected students’ character development (F = 11.911, p = 0.000 < 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.531) indicated that 53.1% of the variance in character development was explained by Scout and SISPALA coaching.

The presence of Generation Z, who grew up entirely in the digital era, has triggered a fundamental transformation in Muslim religious practices, where social media has replaced conventional religious institutions as the primary source of religious information. This condition creates a paradox: Gen Z has become a generation that is highly religious online, yet is often disconnected from physical communities and traditional religious authorities. This study aims to analyze the character of Muslim Gen Z religiosity, identify its forming factors, and examine the impact of the digital era on their religiosity. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach using a library research method. The findings indicate that Muslim Gen Z religiosity is characterized by personalization, flexibility, and digital spirituality, strongly influenced by social media. These characteristics are shaped by massive digital technology accessibility, the effectiveness of contextual Islamic preaching on platforms such as TikTok, as well as spiritual needs and social pressure from the digital environment. The digital era brings positive impacts in the form of increased accessibility and religious literacy, but also negative impacts including shallow religious understanding, vulnerability to information bias, and potential exposure to extreme ideologies. This study implies the importance of an integrated digital religious literacy strategy through critical thinking-based Islamic Religious Education curriculum reform, enhancement of educators' digital capacity, and cross-sector collaboration to strengthen Gen Z's moderate and reflective religious understanding.

In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0, digital technology is developing rapidly. This has prompted the world of education to make major changes in learning methods, including in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Until now, PAI has used outdated methods. These methods are inadequate to meet the needs of children who are accustomed to technology. Therefore, there is a need for technology integration in the learning process. This study aims to determine how to use E-Learning, Learning Management Systems (LMS), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in PAI learning. This study also aims to determine the benefits, challenges, and strategies for implementing these technologies. This study used a qualitative approach with a literature review type. Data were obtained from various sources, such as books, scientific articles, journals, and relevant documents. The results show that the use of E-Learning, LMS, and AI can improve the quality of PAI learning. E-Learning makes learning easier and more flexible. LMS helps manage learning more systematically. AI helps make learning more personalized and tailored to students' needs. However, the implementation of these technologies still faces several challenges, such as limited infrastructure and low digital skills of teachers and students. Therefore, a strategy is needed to address these challenges. This strategy includes enhancing digital capabilities, strengthening technological infrastructure, developing innovative learning media, and monitoring the use of technology based on Islamic values. This will ensure optimal integration of technology into Islamic Religious Education learning.

This study aims to analyze the process of internalizing legal values in the formation of a culture of law-abidingness by emphasizing the perspective of civic responsibility and the Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence Theory approach. The main problem studied is how legal values are not only understood normatively, but also internalized in the individual and collective consciousness of society, thus giving rise to sustainable law-abiding behavior. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with strengthening conceptual and sociological analysis of legal dynamics in society. The results show that the internalization of legal values is a multidimensional process involving cognitive, affective, and spiritual aspects, which are influenced by education, the social environment, role models, and the consistency of law enforcement. In the context of civic responsibility, a culture of law-abidingness is not only formal compliance with regulations, but also reflects moral awareness and active participation of citizens in maintaining social order. Meanwhile, Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence Theory offers an integrative paradigm that combines the normative dimensions of sharia with social reality, through a comparative approach of schools of thought, maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, and an orientation toward the welfare of the people. This research emphasizes that the formation of an effective culture of law-abidingness requires a holistic and contextual approach, in which law is understood as a living and adaptive social instrument. Thus, the internalization of legal values based on civic responsibility and an Islamic sociological jurisprudence approach can encourage the realization of substantive justice, high legal awareness, and a civilized and sustainable social order.    

This study aims to develop a financial saving application to improve the saving habits of students, particularly in Islamic boarding schools, through an adaptive challenge approach. The system integrates a mobile iOS application with a backend service and Large Language Model (LLM) processing via Ollama. Transaction data entered by users is processed by the backend to generate contextual and personalized saving challenges, applying Reinforcement Learning concepts in an adaptive and data-driven manner. The research adopts a descriptive quantitative method using surveys and system testing with 50 respondents. Results indicate that the application functions as designed, with no significant bugs detected. User evaluation shows high satisfaction, with an average score of 4.3 out of 5, covering ease of use, interface design, and increased awareness of saving. The combination of gamification, reward systems, and adaptive personalization successfully motivates users to save regularly. This system demonstrates the potential of integrating AI-driven personalization to strengthen financial literacy and healthy financial habits among students in a fun and interactive way.methods, and a summary of the results. The abstract should end with a comment about the significance of the results or conclusions brief.

This research is motivated by the problems in manual attendance systems at schools, which remain vulnerable to fraud, time-consuming, and inefficient. The expected solution is to develop an automated attendance system based on face recognition that can operate in realtime with high accuracy. The research object is vocational high school students, with the applied method implementing the YOLO v10 algorithm for face detection, followed by the face_recognition library for identification. The instruments used include an Imou CCTV camera as the input device, a mid-range laptop as the hardware platform, and Python with SQLite as the software environment for data processing and attendance storage. The results show that the developed system achieved an average face detection accuracy of 96% under normal lighting and 91% under low lighting, with an average processing speed of 27 FPS. The implementation of an anti-duplication feature also ensured data validity by allowing each student to be recorded only once per day. In conclusion, the use of YOLO v10 in face-based attendance proved to be effective, efficient, and capable of reducing fraud. The implication of this study is that the system can be applied in both Islamic boarding schools and general schools as a modernization of attendance systems, with a recommendation for further development through web-based application and cloud database integration.

Introduction: Ramadan fasting is a religious practice observed by Muslims by abstaining from food and drink from dawn until sunset. These changes may increase the need for oral and dental healthcare. However, some Muslims still perceive that undergoing dental treatment while fasting may invalidate the fast, leading many patients to delay or avoid dental visits during Ramadan. Objective: This study aims to review and analyse various scientific literature regarding the safety and permissibility of dental procedures for patients who are observing fasting during Ramadan. Methods: This study used a narrative review method by searching scientific articles through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases using keywords relevant to the research topic. Articles were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The review findings indicate that most dental procedures, such as local anaesthesia administration, scaling, restorative treatment, and tooth extraction, generally do not invalidate fasting as long as no material or fluid is intentionally swallowed. The use of suction devices, isolation of the treatment area, and proper scheduling of dental procedures are important factors in minimizing the risk of swallowing fluids during treatment. Conclusion: Most dental procedures can be safely performed on fasting patients while still considering both medical aspects and Islamic principles. Patient education regarding the safety of dental procedures during fasting should be improved to prevent delays in treatment and complications in oral health.