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Education in early childhood is the main foundation in individual development, especially in forming personality, social skills and cognitive abilities. One important aspect in early childhood education is the introduction of language, especially English which acts as a global lingua franca. This research analyses the effectiveness of the bilingual program in improving the English language skills of KG 1 students at Kiddos Preschool Gianyar. Bilingual programs are introduced through various methods such as educational games, songs, stories and murals that support language development in a natural and fun way. The research results show that this program has a positive impact on the development of students' vocabulary, comprehension and speaking skills. Factors such as interactive teaching methods, teacher and parent support, and the availability of adequate learning resources are the keys to the success of this program. Suggestions are given to increase the effectiveness of the program through innovative learning methods and continuous training for teachers, as well as strengthening collaboration with parents.

This research aims to analyze the existence and strategic role of the Lembaga Inspirasi Al-Qur’an (LIA) in transforming media-based da'wah into a global tafsir literacy movement. Using a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and digital documentation, this study explores how LIA addresses the challenges of religious literacy among urban communities. The research findings indicate that LIA has successfully developed an integrated da'wah model that combines three main pillars: broadcasting media through the "One Day One Ayat" program on RRI, the production of tafsir literacy (Tafsir Inspirasi, Tafseer of Inspiration, and the Tafsir Muyassar Inspirasi project), and social movements based on waqf. The historical roots of LIA, which began with radio-based da'wah activities in 2006, evolved into a formal institution in 2012 with state recognition through the tashih certification from the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. The strategy of cross-country intellectual collaboration and a waqf distribution system spanning 24 provinces and 10 countries are key to expanding the reach of this tafsir literacy. The results conclude that LIA's success lies in its moderate thematic tafsir methodology, linguistic innovation (bilingualism), and a systematic operational system in grounding the messages of the Al-Qur’an at the grassroots level dynamically.

This research aims to examine the relationship between language and society through a sociolinguistic perspective, focusing on language variations that are influenced by social factors such as class, gender, ethnicity and age. Using the literature review method, this research analyzes various previous studies that discuss language variations, dialects, social identities, and the role of bilingualism in multicultural societies. The research results show that language not only functions as a means of communication, but also as a reflection of social identity, culture and power. Variations in language use, whether in the form of dialect, style, or register, reflect social stratification and power relations in society. In addition, the phenomena of bilingualism and language shift highlight the dynamics of interactions between national languages ​​and regional languages, with potential threats to the survival of regional languages. This research concludes that a deep understanding of language variation is important for preserving linguistic and cultural richness. The limitations of the literature review method underscore the need for further research to enrich sociolinguistic studies.

The impetus driving this investigation is fundamentally that a trilingual curriculum is essential to prepare students for global competitiveness due to their mastery of English. and Arabic. This research aims to explore the execution, evaluation, and find out the difficulties and obstacles in the trilingual program based on holistic education at Daarul Huda Islamic Boarding School Sukoharjo. This research method is descriptive qualitative. This study employs various data gathering methods including interviews, observations, documentation, and surveys. The technique for analyzing data entails three phases: data reduction, data representation, and conclusion drawing. The findings of this research reveal that the execution of the trilingual program manifests as the use of English in English classes. The assessment of the bilingual program, based on a holistic educational approach, incorporates practice, training, and enrichment activities. Challenges and hurdles faced include students’ incomplete comprehension of the learning process conducted in English. This research concludes that the execution of a holistic education-oriented bilingual program is achieved through the application of three distinct curricula featuring diverse methodologies, the recruitment of educators proficient in English, and the incorporation of mixed languages during instruction. Teacher evaluations are performed through monthly meetings organized by school administration, while student evaluations occur through daily assignment reviews, mid-term exams, and final examinations. The challenges encountered include varying student capabilities, diverse family support levels, and some students’ lack of understanding regarding the advantages of language education.

This research analyzes bilingualism in the context of Generation Z's social identity formation. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this research investigates how the use of diverse languages, including bilingualism, affects the way generation Z interacts, thinks and behaves. The results show that bilingualism is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also an important indicator in shaping a unique and dynamic social identity. The research also highlights the role of digital technology in enriching and modifying language, as well as how generation Z's social identity is formed and developed in the era of globalization. Thus, this journal makes a significant contribution in understanding the complexity of generation Z's social identity and the implications of analyzing bilingualism in the modern social context.

The background that encourages this research is that basically the trilingual program is needed to equip students to have global competitiveness because of their proficiency in English and Arabic. The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation, evaluation, and find out the difficulties and obstacles in the implementation of the bilingual program based on holistic education at Al-Azhar Islamic School Sukoharjo. This research method is descriptive qualitative. This research uses data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaires. While the data analysis technique includes three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the trilingual program is in the form of using English in English subjects. Evaluation of the bilingual program based on holistic education includes exercise, practice, and enrichment. The difficulties and obstacles faced are that students do not fully understand the learning process using English. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of a holistic education-based bilingual program is carried out through the implementation of three curricula with different approaches, recruitment of teachers who have English language skills, and the use of mixed language in the implementation of learning. Evaluation of teachers is conducted through monthly meetings by the school management. Meanwhile, evaluation for students is carried out through daily assignment assessments, mid-semester exams, and end-of-semester exams. Difficulties and obstacles encountered are the different abilities of students, the different carrying capacity of each family, and the existence of students who do not understand the benefits of language.

The importance of English in Indonesia has grown significantly in recent years. This widespread influence is obvious in various sector of Indonesia seciety, from business to education and media. Digital platforms like YouTube play a significant role in English language learning by exposing young Indonesians to English content and bilingual speakers who switch between Indonesian and English. Consequently, YouTube has become an effective tool for language learning, making English more accessible and engaging for Indonesian audiences. This study aims to analyze the types, functions and factors of code-switching used on the Korean YouTube channel Reomit. The research method involves descriptive qualitative analysis, with data collection centered on five videos from the Korea Reomit YouTube channel, focusing on themes related to meats, soupy foods, and snacks. The analysis reveals that the types of code-switching present on the Korea Reomit channel include inter-sentential, intra-sentential, and tag switching. The functions of code-switching identified in the study include discussing specific topics, emphasizing points, interjections, repetition for clarification, intention for clarification, and expressing group identity. The factors influencing code-switching are identified as participant, topic, status, and solidarity.

This research aims to explore the relationship between language policy and national identity formation through a macro-linguistic lens. By employing qualitative case study methodology, the study analyzes the language policies of Canada, Belgium, and India, examining their impacts on social cohesion, cultural identity, and political stability. The research investigates specific language policies, such as bilingualism in Canada, collaborative language programs in Belgium, and multilingual education in India, assessing their effects on various communities within these nations. The findings indicate that inclusive language policies significantly enhance social cohesion and foster national pride, while exclusive policies can lead to division and marginalization. In Canada, continued support for bilingual education strengthens ties between linguistic groups. In Belgium, fostering mutual respect among linguistic communities mitigates political tensions. In India, promoting multilingual education protecs regional languages and cultivates a sense of unity. By focusing on the interplay between language and identity, this study highlights the critical importance of inclusive language policies in fostering social harmony and national unity. Ultimately, the findings provide actionable insights for policymakers, emphasizing the need for frameworks that recognize linguistic diversity while promoting dialogue and integration among different language communities. This research contributes to the understanding of effective strategies for strengthening national identity in an increasingly globalized world, reinforcing the idea that language can serve as a bridge rather than a barrier.

This research is the qualitative research which aim to know the classroom ambience when using hangman game and to find out the teachers perceive in using hangman game as a medium in teaching vocabulary. This research was conducted on May 2024 in the class of VIII Bilingual B at Al-Azhar Medan Junior High School. Observation and interview were the technique of data collection that used in this research which were carried out directly with 2 teachers who had a long experience in teaching English and used the hangman game as a medium in the vocabulary teaching and learning process. The model of interactive data analysis by Miles and Huberman (1984) is used as the technique of analyzing the data in this research. The findings from the data that have been analyzed show that when using the hangman game, the classroom ambience look supportive, nice, and joyful in supporting the teaching and learning process run well. Both of the teachers have positive and negative perception about using hangman game. Both of the teachers also stated that hangman game is one of appropriate medium to use for the students who want to recall or add their vocabulary. This research provides several useful information, especially for English teacher who need references about tool or media for teaching vocabulary.

This undergraduate thesis examines English diphthong pronunciation errors among fifth-grade students at North Bali Bilingual School, with a specific focus on centring and opening diphthongs using Peter Roach's theory. The primary aim is to identify the errors made by the students and determine the underlying factors contributing to these errors. The research employs a qualitative method supported by quantitative data, involving voice recordings collected via VoiceMemos on an iPhone, which were then phonetically transcribed. Additionally, a questionnaire was administered to gather background information on the students that might explain the pronunciation errors. The findings reveal that while the majority of students can correctly produce diphthong sounds, 22% of them made pronunciation errors. The most frequently mispronounced diphthongs were /ɪə/ with 75% errors, /ɑʊ/ with 59% errors, and /eə/ with 25% errors. The questionnaire results suggest that the primary factors contributing to these errors include the students' native language, phonological interference, avoidance strategies, and potential neurodevelopmental disorders. The research provides insights into the specific challenges faced by bilingual students in mastering English diphthongs and highlights the need for targeted interventions to address these pronunciation issues.

Local language is a language in region are still production in addition to indonesian as the firs languge of country” In relation with the position of Indonesian, local language has a function also as a tool of communication in a certain community. In addition a local language gives a contribution as a marker or the presence of a community. This follows the Mahsun's statement that “salah satu yang menjadi simbol atau lambang identitas suatu komunitas adalah bahasa Bangsa merupakan penanda komunitas (etnis) yang sangat penting” “one that has become a symbol or emblem identity of a community is a marker language of the community (ethical) is very important. Most of the Indonesian peoples are bilingual , which use Indonesian and regional languages, and most people in Indonesia use indonesian language as a second language and the local language as a first language. Gorontalo language or “Hulondalo” is a language of the people in Gorontalo. It is one of the province in sulawesi, Indonesia. There are many dialects in Gorontalo language, for example Suwawa, Tilamuta, Kuwandang, Paguyaman, Popayato and Bone dialects. This research will promote the Gorontalo language and morphosyntactic process of the verb.

In general, people in the world today have bilingualism to communicate. Without language, a person will not be able to communicate with others. So this language skill must be developed since children are at an early age. Language development begins in infancy and relies on its role in experience, mastery and language growth. Children learn language since infancy where before learning to speak they communicate through crying, smiling and body movements. Learning language is very crucial at the age of before six years. Therefore, early childhood education is a very important vehicle in developing children's language so that this condition can facilitate the development of language skills in early childhood. This study aims to identify the application of bilingual learning in early childhood in the village of Kabuna Haliwen Atambua, East Nusa Tenggara. The design of this study is quantitative with a pre and post control approach. 12 early childhood children in Kabuna Haliwen Atambua Village, East Nusa Tenggara. The largest number of early childhood children is 6 years old, 5 people, 3 people, and 4 years old. gender is male, 7 people and female, 5 people. The Implementation of Bilingual Learning in Early Childhood has increased by 37% from an average of 60% to 97%. The implementation of bilingual learning in early childhood is very important to be implemented in everyday life. Implement the Implementation of Bilingual Learning through simulation activities. Become evidence in the development of English language science, especially in improving the Implementation of Bilingual Learning in Early Childhood.

This research examines the translation of instructions for using skin care products from English into Indonesian, focusing on translation shifts as defined by Catford (1965). These shifts include level shifts and category shifts (structure, class, unit and intra-system shifts). This research analyzes how these shifts occur and adapt to the Indonesian linguistic and cultural context. Data from brands including Wardah, Avoskin, and Garnier were collected and analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. The findings highlight common shifts, like structural changes due to syntactic differences and word class shifts to maintain meaning. Understanding these shifts can improve translation strategies, ensuring that bilingual packaging is clear, accurate, and culturally appropriate, thus increasing consumer understanding and satisfaction.

This research intended to describe langue often used by students, by describing the form of diglossia and describing the trigger factors. This type of research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The object of the research is student conversations from linguistic activities in the campus environment. Data collection uses observation, interviews and documentation methods accompanied by recording tools. The results of the research show that Siliwangi University Indonesian Language Education students use more than one language. The results showed that students used variations of T and R diglossia in their conversations, especially in the use of Sundanese and Indonesian. Diglossia found in students is caused by several factors such as bilingualism, situation, and prestige.

This research aims to describe the language used by students in the campus environment, both the spoken language used by students outside of learning hours and the spoken language used when students present in front of their class. The sample for this research was all class A students of the Indonesian Language Education Department, Semester IV, Siliwangi University. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Where researchers carry out studies first, so that they can provide relevant images. This research uses three stages, namely data collection, data analysis, and data presentation. Data collection was carried out by observing students who were chatting with their friends during break time, and comparing it with the spoken language used by students when they were presenting. Then researchers can analyze this phenomenon by finding out the factors that cause diglossia, the characteristics of diglossia situations, and the influence of diglossia on learning. In this study, researchers can describe the results of the discussion regarding the influence of diglossia on education, whether it has a positive effect or a negative effect.

This research focuses on the implementation of bilingual learning in schools from early childhood which can influence the acquisition and development of a second language and children's cognitive abilities. The aim of this research is to describe theories from the results of several other studies regarding the influence of second language acquisition on the cognitive abilities of bilingual children. The research method used is qualitative with a library study approach to collect information from various library sources that are relevant to the research topic. The data sources in this research were obtained from books and articles that discuss the phenomenon of bilingualism as well as research results that refer to the cognitive abilities of bilingual children. In the results and discussion section, it can be concluded that children's acquisition of a second language can influence cognitive abilities. Bilingual learning makes students more flexible in multilingual environments and provides better opportunities to participate in global society. From a cognitive perspective, bilingual children have better skills than monolingual children. However, the effectiveness of bilingual learning can be achieved if it is facilitated by several supporting factors. Overall, the advantages of bilingual children outweigh the disadvantages

This article explores the cognitive benefits of multilingual education, particularly focusing on bilingual children. By reviewing existing literature on language acquisition, cognitive flexibility, and executive function, the study examines how exposure to multiple languages can enhance children's problem-solving abilities, memory, and attention span. The research emphasizes the importance of implementing multilingual education strategies in early childhood education to foster cognitive development and better prepare children for a globalized world.

This article examines the influence of multilingualism on language policies and instructional practices in higher education institutions across different countries. The study investigates how universities integrate multiple languages into their curricula, support bilingual students, and adapt teaching methods to accommodate linguistic diversity. The findings suggest that a multilingual approach in higher education can promote inclusivity, enhance student engagement, and contribute to the global competitiveness of institutions.Keywords: , , , , 

CThe role of code switching in society is very important, in relation to the use of language variations by a person or group of people, especially in language use in bilingual or multilingual communities, for example in traditional shopping centers or markets. The market, in this case the MMTC market, can be said to have its own uniqueness in relation to the use of code switching. This research is a qualitative descriptive research, while the research strategy uses a fixed case study approach, because the problems and focus of the research have been determined in the proposal before the researcher goes into the field. During the conversation, it was discovered that there was temporary code switching from Indonesian to Javanese to Indonesian carried out by traders. The incident of temporary code switching during the conversation was marked by the Javanese expression 'nek waton mbukak, lunga tak kon nlipet' 'if you just open it, go away I tell you to fold it' which was said by the trader in the middle of the speech to insinuate the buyer, then the trader returned to using Indonesian to serve buyers. Based on the results of research and discussion about code switching in the interaction of traders and buyers in the Medan MMTC market, several conclusions can be drawn. There are two types of code switching that occur in the interaction of traders and buyers in the Medan city MMTC market, namely (1) code switching based on its nature and ( 2) code switching based on the direction of switching.

This study analyzes how the translation techniques is applied in the bilingual textbook Science Biology for Junior High School.The study was conducted qualitatively. Data was collected by selecting complex sentences from chapter six and seven.Then,I analyzed and categorized the translation techniques used according to the classification of Molina and Albir. The data is then calculated to determine the main translation techniques.The findings indicated that in this textbook,there are many translation techniques that contained in a complex sentences. As a result of the study 40 complex sentences were found in the sixth and seventh chapter.This textbook has nine translation techniques there were: literal translation, borrowing, adaptation, reduction, particularization, amplification, generalization, transposition and description. From 40 complex sentences it can be concluded that there are 15 complex sentences of literal translation,4 complex sentences of borrowing,1 complex sentence of adaptation,2 complex sentences of reduction,3 complex sentences of particularization, 7 complex sentences of amplification,2 complex sentences of generalization,1 complex sentence of transposition,5 complex sentences of description. Literal translation is the most numerous technique in the text book. So , over all the concept of a sentence can be easily understood and the knowledge can be developed from daily experiences.