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Dairi Regency is known as a regency that has a natural charm that can be a potential attraction that can attract many tourists. Puncak Sidiangkat is one of the destinations that is often visited because of its natural beauty which is still very beautiful and green. So this research was conducted with the aim of planning hotels and tourist areas using ecovillage design. Puncak Sidiangkat which has the opportunity to build hotels and glamping along with other tourist facilities, develops knowledge about the advantages of natural resources in Dairi Regency which blends directly with nature in an effort to achieve economic sustainability. The design of hotel and tourist areas is inseparable from how to design buildings that have a positive effect on the surrounding environment, especially the development of mountain tourism infrastructure and facilities as an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient tourism sector. This study also considers local cultural values, community participation, and the use of sustainable materials to ensure long-term environmental balance. Furthermore, the integration of renewable energy systems, proper waste management, and landscape conservation is emphasized to support eco-friendly tourism development. Through this approach, the project is expected to enhance tourist experience while preserving natural resources and improving the local economy.

Prolonged outpatient waiting time remains a major challenge in public hospitals and reflects inefficiencies in service process management. Internal medicine clinics are characterised by high service complexity and patient volume, making them particularly vulnerable to process waste that contributes to extended waiting times. Objective: This study aimed to develop an outpatient service flow model based on the Lean Hospital approach to reduce waiting time in the internal medicine clinic of RSUD Balaraja. Methods: A qualitative case study design was employed. Data were collected through direct observation of outpatient service processes, document review, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with relevant stakeholders. Process analysis was conducted using Value Stream Mapping (VSM) to identify value-added and non–value-added activities, while Fishbone Diagram analysis was applied to explore the root causes of process inefficiencies. All findings were integrated to develop a future-state outpatient service flow model. Results: The findings indicate that prolonged outpatient waiting time is primarily influenced by inefficient service flow design, repetitive administrative processes, and weak coordination among service units. The proposed service flow model demonstrates a more streamlined, integrated, and patient-centred process, with potential reductions in waiting time through systematic waste elimination and process improvement. Conclusion: The Lean Hospital approach provides an effective framework for developing outpatient service flow models in public hospitals. The proposed model offers a practical basis for improving outpatient service efficiency in complex clinical settings such as internal medicine clinics.

Chili (Capsicum annuum L) ) is one of the most important horticultural commodities widely consumed in Indonesia and has high economic value. To maintain productivity and prevent pest attacks, farmers commonly apply chemical pesticides intensively. However, excessive and improper pesticide application can leave harmful residues on the surface and within the tissues of chili fruits. The accumulation of these residues not only poses health risks to consumers but also contributes to environmental pollution, particularly in wastewater generated from chili washing activities. This study aims to reduce pesticide residues of Cherizeb and Emacel in chili washing water using the photolysis methodassisted by a ZnO/zeolite catalyst. Zinc oxide (ZnO) acts as a photocatalyst activated by ultraviolet (UV) light to produce reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH) capable of decomposing complex organic compounds into simpler compounds such as CO₂ and H₂O. Meanwhile, zeolite is used as a catalyst support due to its large surface area and high adsorption capacity, allowing adsorption and photocatalytic processes to occur simultaneously. The results showed that the photolysis method using the ZnO/zeolite catalyst significantly reduced pesticide residues, with optimum degradation efficiencies of 85.66% for Cherizeb using 0.8 g ZnO/zeolite under UV irradiation for 60 minutes, and 83.97% for Emacel using 0.8 g ZnO/zeolite under UV irradiation for 75 minutes. The samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify functional groups, indicating the disappearance of specific organic functional groups. Pesticide residues on chili samples were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry to determine concentrations before and after treatment. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the crystalline structure of the catalyst remained stable after the photolysis process. Based on these findings, the ZnO/zeolite catalyst is proven to be effective in reducing pesticide residues through photocatalytic degradation and has the potential to be applied as a safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly post-harvest technology to improve the quality of agricultural products.

The purpose of this study was to determine how the application of Local Microorganisms (LOM) from stale rice and oil palm boiler ash impacts the growth and production of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) and to determine the interaction between the two treatments. Shallots are a horticultural commodity with high economic value, so efforts are needed to increase production through the use of environmentally friendly organic materials. The study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was LOM from stale rice with four levels (0, 20, 40, and 60 ml/L water/plot) and the second factor was oil palm boiler ash with four levels (0, 500, 1000, and 1500 grams/plot), resulting in 16 treatment combinations and 48 experimental plots. The parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, fresh weight of bulbs, dry weight of bulbs, and bulb diameter. If there was a significant effect, the data were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA). This research is expected to produce scientific data on the use of organic waste as an environmentally friendly fertilizer alternative.

This studyyaims tooevaluate environmental activities at the Tenggilis Community Health Center by assessing compliance with occupational health and safety, risk management, and environmental health aspects. The method used is descriptiveequalitative with dataacollection through questionnaires, observation,iinterviews, andddocumentation. The analysis was conducted through reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that the Tenggilis Community Health Center has generally met the criteria in each aspect, buttthere are still someeshortcomings. Innthe OSH aspect, training needs to be scheduled immediately. In risk management, all policies need to beeupdated to include the name and signature of theenew head offthe CommunityyHealth Center. In the environmental health aspect, deficiencies were found relateddto the completeness offthe administration of technical approval for wastewater quality standards and permits for B3 waste storage and wastewater treatment plants, which must be resolved immediately.

This study aimed to determine the effect of coffee husk waste application and shallot extract soaking on the growth of cat’s whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus) cuttings. The research employed a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of two factors with 48 experimental plots. The first factor was the application of coffee husk waste, symbolized as “L,” with four treatment levels: L0 = 0 g/polybag (without coffee husk waste), L1 = 75 g/polybag, L2 = 150 g/polybag, and L3 = 225 g/polybag. The second factor was shallot extract soaking, symbolized as “B,” with four treatment levels: B0 = 0 ml/L of water, B1 = 5 ml/L of water, B2 = 10 ml/L of water, and B3 = 15 ml/L of water. Thus, there were 16 treatment combinations with three replications. The observed parameters included time to shoot emergence, number of shoots, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and survival percentage. The results showed that the application of coffee husk waste and shallot extract soaking had no significant effect on the growth of cat’s whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus) cuttings across all observed parameters.

Calcium deficiency among Indonesian adolescents remains a nutritional concern that necessitates the development of food products utilizing alternative calcium sources. Eggshell powder has potential as a calcium fortification ingredient due to its high calcium content and abundance as food waste. This study aimed to analyze the effect of eggshell powder substitution on the organoleptic characteristics and acceptability of oatmeal cookies among adolescents aged 10–15 years. This experimental study used a Completely Randomized Design with four substitution levels: 0% (F0), 5% (F1), 6% (F2), and 7% (F3). Organoleptic quality testing was conducted by three trained panelists, while hedonic testing was performed by 30 adolescent panelists on selected formulas (F0, F2, F3), analyzed using the Friedman test (α = 0.05). Organoleptic quality results showed that F2 and F3 had characteristics closest to the control, while F1 showed higher negative attribute intensity in taste and texture parameters. Hedonic test results showed no significant differences between formulas across all parameters (p > 0.05), with mean scores ranging from 3.87 to 4.63 out of a scale of 5 (very much liked). Formula F3 is recommended as the best formula as it demonstrated acceptability comparable to the control while containing the highest calcium substitution level.

This study addresses the limited integration of environmental education, Islamic values, and creative learning practices in existing pedagogical models. It proposes an eco-friendly Islamic calligraphy approach as an innovative medium for recycling-based learning that promotes both ecological awareness and spiritual development. The study adopts a Participatory Action Research (PAR) design involving 22 students from diverse educational levels at Sanggar Bimbingan Bintang Sembilan. Data were collected through structured observations, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using an iterative qualitative framework to identify changes in students’ cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains. The findings indicate that students initially exhibited low environmental awareness, minimal engagement, and limited ability to utilize recyclable materials creatively. Following the intervention, there was a substantial increase in active participation, creative output, and conceptual understanding of environmental sustainability. Students also demonstrated observable behavioral shifts, particularly in waste reuse practices and environmental responsibility. In addition, the incorporation of Islamic values reinforced ethical awareness and strengthened students’ sense of stewardship toward the environment. This study contributes to the advancement of interdisciplinary learning by offering a contextual and practice-oriented model that integrates environmental education, religious values, and art-based pedagogy. The proposed approach not only enhances student engagement but also fosters holistic learning outcomes, making it a viable alternative to conventional instructional methods in sustainability education.

This research is motivated by the low level of awareness among some students regarding maintaining a clean school environment and proper waste management. SMP IT Khairunnas,Bengkulu City, implemented a clean environment program as an effort to build students'environmental awareness through cleaning activities, waste sorting, and environmental management.school actively. This study aims to analyze the process of the environmental cleanup program in exploring students' awareness of waste management, identifying supporting and inhibiting factors of the program, and explaining the impact of the program on students' daily behavior in maintaining a clean school environment. This study uses a qualitative approach with fieldresearch. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The primary data sources in this study were the principal, teachers, and students of SMP IT Khairunnas, Bengkulu City.Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was carried out through technical triangulation and source triangulation. The results of the study indicate that the environmental cleanup program at SMP IT Khairunnas, Bengkulu City was implemented through class duty activities, mutual cooperation, sorting organic and inorganic waste, waste banks, and environmental education activities.

Ngabuburit has grown into a cultural tradition that is deeply embedded in Indonesian society during Ramadan, including among the student demographic. This study investigates the relevance of the ngabuburit tradition to the level of consumer economic literacy and the application of Islamic consumption ethics among university students in the city of Bandung. Employing a quantitative descriptive approach, data were gathered through an online questionnaire distributed to students from various universities across Bandung. The analysis aims to determine whether the pre-iftar waiting activity stimulates impulsive purchasing behavior more strongly than awareness of Islamic consumption principles particularly the avoidance of wasteful spending (tabzir) and extravagance (israf). The study also examines several factors shaping students' consumption patterns, including social environment, lifestyle tendencies, and access to food and beverage products throughout Ramadan. The results are expected to shed light on how students behave as consumers within a local cultural framework and to what degree their economic literacy can moderate consumption behaviors that contradict Islamic principles, while providing an evaluative foundation for cultivating more prudent consumption habits.

The problem of household waste in Kalanganyar Village, Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency, is increasing along with population growth, while residents' knowledge about waste sorting is still minimal and processing facilities are limited. This community service program aims to increase awareness and cleanliving behavior through education and mentoring on household waste processing based on the 3R concept (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). This activity adopts an Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach that focuses on mapping and utilizing local potential, such as health cadres, youth organizations, the spirit of mutual cooperation, and the availability of potential land. The implementation methods include appreciative inquiry, focus group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews with the Head of the Sopo Nyongko TPS and community leaders, participatory observation, and practical mentoring for housewives, youth organizations, and TPS managers on February 9. The results of the activity showed an increase in residents' understanding of PHBS and waste management, indicated by the enthusiasm of participants during the educational session. The program also successfully activated local agents of change: youth groups began implementing inorganic waste recycling, and health cadres designed a home-based waste sorting system.

separating and shredding organic and inorganic waste. This study aims to analyze the process of shredding household waste using the Computational Fluid Dynamics–Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) and determine the optimal operational parameters based on variations in rotor speed. The research method uses numerical simulation with SolidWorks 2024 software for geometric modeling and Ansys Rocky 2023 R1 for CFD-DEM simulation. The rotor speed variations used are 1000 RPM, 2500 RPM, and 4000 RPM with a mass flow rate of 4 tons/hour and a simulation duration of 2 seconds. The parameters analyzed included particle mass flow rate, shredding characteristics, and power consumption. The simulation results showed that a speed of 1000 RPM produced the most optimal performance with a maximum capacity of ±4 tons/hour and a stable shredding response compared to other variations. At 2500 RPM, there were high fluctuations with low capacity (±0.6 tons/hour), while at 4000 RPM, the capacity was moderate (±1.1 tons/hour) but still did not exceed the performance of 1000 RPM. Based on these results, it can be concluded that a rotor speed parameter of 1000 RPM is the most effective condition for improving the grinding efficiency and production capacity of a hammer mill-type Depackaging machine based on CFD-DEM simulation.

Waste management has become a critical environmental issue at both global and national levels due to increasing population and changing consumption patterns. In Indonesia, waste generation exceeds 60 million tons annually, with a significant portion consisting of plastic waste that requires hundreds of years to decompose. One of the main challenges in addressing this issue is the low level of public awareness and understanding regarding waste types and their decomposition time. This community service program conducted by students of Universitas Negeri Padang aims to improve environmental awareness through environmental education and community empowerment using an innovative visual medium in the form of waste decomposition time educational boards. The activity was implemented in Pasar Hilir Hamlet, Lumindai Village, using a participatory approach involving observation, socialization, board design, production, and installation. The results indicate that the program successfully enhanced community knowledge regarding the differences between organic and inorganic waste and their environmental impacts. The educational boards, placed in strategic locations near waste disposal areas, function as effective visual tools that continuously deliver information and reinforce environmentally responsible behavior. In addition, this program contributes to improving environmental cleanliness, strengthening community participation, and increasing environmental literacy. Therefore, the innovation of waste decomposition time educational boards serves not only as an informative medium but also as a sustainable educational tool to promote long-term behavioral change toward environmental awareness.

The farmer empowerment program in Dilem Village, Gondang District, was implemented through training on the production of solid compost based on livestock manure as an effort to enhance the independence and agricultural productivity of the local farming community. This training was designed to utilize local resources through a village potential–based approach that emphasizes the optimization of livestock waste and organic materials available in the surrounding environment. The implementation methods included socialization activities, material delivery, hands-on practice in compost production, and post-training assistance to ensure the sustainability of technology application at the farmer level. The results of the program indicated an increase in farmers’ knowledge and skills in the compost-making process, enabling them to produce organic fertilizer independently and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. This program also had a positive impact on soil quality, production cost efficiency, environmental cleanliness, and supported environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural practices. Thus, this training activity contributes to strengthening the local economy, improving farmers’ welfare, and developing a sustainable agricultural system based on local resources in Dilem Village in a continuous and practical manner.

The 2025 Real Work Lectures use the Berdampak model (Real Work Lectures based on Community Impactful). The theme of our group's Community Service Program is the problem of household waste management in Bakalan Village, Gondang District, Mojokerto Regency, which requires proper handling. Open burning of waste causes air pollution and other adverse effects. In an effort to overcome this problem, KKN students have initiated the use of used barrels as a place to burn waste with minimal smoke. This program includes observation and socialization related to innovative technology in waste management. Through this activity, the community is introduced to the use of trash cans that reduce smoke pollution and produce briquettes as an alternative fuel from combustion residues. The program results show an increase in community awareness of waste management and the potential for reducing negative environmental impacts. This innovation opens up opportunities for the community to become a model of independent and sustainable waste management, which can be applied in other villages.

Household waste management in Gondang Village remains a major problem because waste is not sorted from the source and supporting facilities are still limited, resulting in mixed organic, inorganic, and residual waste, potentially polluting the environment. To support the planned development of a 3R Waste Management Site (TPS 3R) in 2026, a community service activity was conducted aimed at increasing community knowledge, awareness, and readiness regarding waste sorting and the application of the Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle concept. This activity used a participatory approach through outreach, waste sorting demonstrations, installation of educational boards on waste decomposition times, and the provision of separate trash bins in four hamlets. The results of the activity showed an increase in community understanding of waste types, 3R principles, and long-term environmental impacts, accompanied by positive responses and high enthusiasm. The educational boards and facilities provided served as visual reminders that encouraged behavioral change, making this activity an important first step in preparing the Gondang Village community towards sustainable waste management through the 3R Waste Management Site (TPS 3R).

This research is prompted by legal complications within civil procedural law, specifically regarding the failure of judges to identify formal defects in special powers of attorney during the preliminary stages of trial. The central focus of this study examines Decision Number 14/Pdt.G/2025/PN Kba, in which a lawsuit was declared inadmissible (Niet Ontvankelijke Verklaard) only after a seven-month litigation process that had already progressed through evidentiary hearings and local inspections. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of the dominus litis principle in empowering judges to provide procedural guidance for lawsuit amendments, while testing its alignment with the principles of simple, fast, and low-cost justice. Employing a normative legal research method with statutory and case-based approaches, the legal materials are analyzed qualitatively using the legal syllogism technique. The findings indicate that the application of the dominus litis principle in the a quo case remains ineffective due to the judges' passive and formalistic tendencies. Such an approach neglects the ex-officio authority mandated under Articles 119 and 132 of the HIR. This ineffectiveness results in significant judicial inefficiency, causing undue loss of time and financial resources for justice seekers. Consequently, this study recommends strengthening rigorous initial screening mechanisms by the panel of judges at the first hearing. This preventive measure is essential to curb the waste of judicial resources and ensure the realization of substantial justice for all disputing parties.

The implementation of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) begins at an early age, particularly among school children, who learn extensively from their surrounding environment through the School Health Program (UKS). Although the family is the primary unit in shaping PHBS habits, parents’ busy schedules often lead children to interact more with teachers and peers at school. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the UKS program on students’ PHBS at SD Lambaro Angan, Darussalam District, Aceh Besar Regency in 2024. This research employed a cross-sectional design with a population of 321 students and a sample of 76 respondents. Data collection was conducted on March 4, 2024. The results indicate that the UKS program has a significant effect on students’ PHBS, including habits such as washing hands with running water and soap, purchasing healthy snacks at the school canteen, disposing of waste properly, participating in physical exercise, not smoking at school, eliminating mosquito larvae, and using school sanitation facilities (p < 0.05). However, no significant effect was found on activities such as weighing body weight and measuring height. In conclusion, the UKS program is effective in improving students’ PHBS. These findings are expected to provide input for schools to optimize the implementation of UKS and enhance PHBS promotion so that students can apply clean and healthy living behaviors in their daily lives.

Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the most important aquaculture commodities with high economic value and strong market demand. The transportation of broodstock shrimp is a critical stage that may affect survival due to decreased oxygen levels and water quality deterioration. High stocking density during transportation can accelerate oxygen depletion and increase metabolic waste, leading to higher mortality. This study aimed to determine the effect of different packing densities on the survival rate of broodstock shrimp during 12 hours of transportation. The experiment used four treatments with densities of 6, 8, 10, and 12 shrimp per bag, each with six replications. Observed parameters included temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and survival rate. The results showed that lower stocking density produced higher survival rates, with the best result obtained at 6 shrimp per bag. Water quality remained within acceptable limits, although oxygen levels decreased with increasing density. Therefore, proper stocking density is essential to maintain shrimp survival during transportation.  

Human activities, from household to industrial operations, generate liquid waste that poses a threat to the environment. Before discharge, liquid waste should be treated to ensure it is safe for release into the environment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a hybrid ozonation-adsorption method with varying contact times. This study collected leachate samples from the Rajabasa Landfill and used fly ash from the Tarahan Coal-Fired Power Plant as the adsorbent. First, the study used contact times of 20, 40, 60, and 80 minutes for ozonation. Subsequently, the 80-minute sample proceeded to the adsorption stage and was ultimately tested against six parameters. The measured parameters included COD, TSS, TDS, turbidity, UV254, and DO. The results showed that the 80-minute ozonation process significantly reduced TSS, TDS, and DO levels. However, the ozonation process still left intermediate compounds, which were subsequently removed by adsorption. Ultimately, the combination of the two processes yields good results, particularly for COD and UV254. This aligns with the theory that ozonation breaks down complex compounds while the adsorbent absorbs residual pollutants. This hybrid process achieves a 45.47% reduction in COD and an 87.83% reduction in UV254.