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This study aims to overhaul the conventional understanding of tourism through a missiological lens, by positioning social interactions at the Parbubu Tarutung Soda Water Tourism Object as the locus of Missio Dei (God's Mission) manifestation. Amidst the tendency of modern humans to be trapped in egocentrism, alienation, and minimal openness due to secular routines, God is present with a mission to transform human relations. Using a qualitative descriptive-theological method, this study analyzes three axes of social interaction (inter-tourists, tourists-managers, and tourists-local communities). The results of field research indicate that although the pattern of interaction between visitors is still minimalist and egocentric-group due to a purely physical recreation orientation, there is a strong spiritual modality in the service aspect (hospitality) of the managers that reflects the restoration of the image of God (Imago Dei). The absence of social conflict and the presence of sincere hospitality are identified not merely as business strategies, but as real implications of the work of the Holy Spirit who precedes the church (prevenient grace) in destroying human egoism. This study concludes that tourism can be an eschatological means by which social interactions are transformed into encounters that bring about God's Shalom, meaning that tourism can be a way to bring about God's peace through authentic encounters between tourists, rather than simply ordinary tourist transactions. The author recommends the reconstruction of public spaces in this destination as inclusive communal spaces that facilitate reconciliation and social transformation.

Elderly people are a vulnerable group experiencing declining body functions and an increased risk of degenerative diseases, requiring promotive and preventive efforts to maintain their health. One alternative is the utilization of kitchen spices as herbal drinks because they contain various bioactive compounds that are beneficial for health. However, knowledge among the elderly regarding the benefits and processing methods of herbal ingredients is still limited. This community service activity aimed to improve the knowledge and skills of elderly participants in utilizing kitchen spices as herbal drinks at LKS Payung Besurek Bengkulu City. The method used a participatory approach through educational sessions, interactive discussions, and direct practice in preparing herbal drinks. The results showed high enthusiasm from participants during the activities. Around 85% of participants experienced increased understanding of the health benefits of kitchen spices. Participants were also able to independently prepare herbal drinks using easily available local ingredients. In addition, the activity generated positive social impacts, including improved interaction, increased awareness of healthy lifestyles, and greater independence in maintaining health through natural ingredients. Therefore, this education program is an effective community-based health empowerment strategy for the elderly.

This study aims to examine the implementation of policies regarding the use of the e-Kelurahan feature in the Sangu Palu application in Taipa Village. The study employs George C. Edward III’s policy implementation theory, which consists of four dimensions: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature review involving nine informants. The findings indicate that the implementation of the e-Kelurahan policy has not yet run optimally. The main obstacle lies in the communication aspect, particularly the lack of direct public socialization regarding the use of the application, resulting in low public understanding and limited utilization of digital services. In addition, training for village officials has not been conducted continuously, as it was only provided during the initial implementation stage. Therefore, periodic retraining is needed to improve technical competence and evaluate service performance. Although the aspects of disposition and bureaucratic structure have generally functioned well, they have not been sufficient to optimize digital service utilization. These findings are consistent with the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) evaluation results, which place Palu City in the “sufficient” category, indicating the need for further improvement in digital service implementation.

Collaboration between classroom teachers and Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers constitutes an essential strategy for instilling religious moderation values in elementary schools. This study aims to: (1) describe the forms of collaboration developed between classroom teachers and PAI teachers; (2) assess the effectiveness of such collaboration in inculcating religious moderation values; (3) identify changes in students' attitudes as tangible outcomes of collaboration; and (4) analyze supporting and inhibiting factors of collaboration at SDN 3 Wanamekar. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied using field study methods. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document review. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, encompassing data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data credibility was ensured through source triangulation and technique triangulation. Findings indicate that collaboration occurs in two primary forms: reactive collaboration as a spontaneous response to students' intolerant behavior, and planned collaboration involving curriculum coordination, partial co-teaching, and joint evaluation. Collaboration was assessed as sufficiently effective yet suboptimal due to time constraints and excessive administrative burdens. Positive changes in students' tolerance and inclusive attitudes were identified as concrete outcomes. Supporting factors include favorable interpersonal communication, principal support, and moderation value integration in the Merdeka Curriculum. Main inhibiting factors are time limitations, administrative burdens, shallow conceptual understanding of religious moderation, and the absence of a standardized collaboration model. The study recommends establishing structured collaboration schedules and religious moderation training programs for all teachers.

Sexuality education is crucial for equipping adolescents and fostering healthy, responsible behavior. Lack of knowledge and understanding regarding sexuality education can increase the risk of sexual behavior, which can impact physical and mental health, and reduce concentration during learning. This activity aims to increase the knowledge of students at SMK Bhakti Indonesia Medika in Pangkalanbun Regency regarding education on preventing sexual harassment in the school environment. The outreach activity was conducted in May 2026 with 43 students aged 15-16 years, using a pretest-posttest method, leaflets, and PowerPoint presentations. The results showed an increase in the average student knowledge score from 50 to 95 after the education. The majority of students were 16 years old, and some had boyfriends. These findings indicate that the education provided in schools is very effective and useful as a warning to take the first step in preventing sexual harassment in the school environment for adolescents. This education can be recommended for regular replication to strengthen a safe and responsive school culture to child protection issues.

Christian religious education teachers act as agents of social, spiritual, and cultural transformation by integrating Christian values ​​into the lives of communities that are still strongly bound to ancestral customs and beliefs. The transformation of customs through contextual evangelism is both a challenge and an opportunity for Christian religious education (PAK) teachers in carrying out their roles as educators and servants of God in a pluralistic society. This study aims to analyze the strategic steps of PAK teachers in integrating Gospel values ​​with local culture without eliminating the identity of the Christian faith or damaging the noble values ​​of customs. The research method used is a qualitative approach and literature study. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers need to have three main strategic steps, namely contextual understanding by studying in depth the values, symbols, and practices of local customs, a transformational approach, namely presenting Gospel values ​​through education that respects culture but leads to renewal of life and pedagogical implementation through creative and reflective learning methods that foster students' awareness of faith and social responsibility. With this strategy, Christian Religious Education teachers can become agents of transformation, bridging the gap between Christian faith and local culture, ensuring that evangelism is not confrontational but contextual, dialogical, and builds lives rooted in the love of Christ.

A safe and inclusive learning environment is an important factor in supporting the educational process. However, various forms of bullying behavior, such as teasing, giving negative nicknames, and social exclusion, are still found in schools and may hinder the creation of a comfortable and child-friendly learning environment. This community service activity aimed to improve students’ understanding of bullying and its impacts, as well as to instill the values of mutual respect as an effort to create a safe and inclusive learning environment. The activity was conducted at SD Negeri 2 Muara Batu, Aceh Utara Regency, through the XXXVIII Community Service and Empowerment Program (KKN-PPM) of Malikussaleh University in 2026. The methods used were educational and participatory approaches implemented through preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. The activities were carried out through socialization sessions, discussions, question-and-answer sessions, simulations, and educational games. The results showed an improvement in students’ understanding of the forms, causes, and impacts of bullying, including verbal, physical, and social bullying. In addition, students demonstrated more positive attitudes, such as increased awareness of respecting differences, treating peers with respect, reducing teasing behavior, and developing empathy and concern for others. The activity also received positive responses from the school, as it was considered supportive of character education and the creation of a more conducive learning atmosphere. Therefore, anti-bullying education through educational and participatory approaches can serve as an effective strategy for creating a safe, comfortable, and inclusive learning environment for elementary school students.

This study aims to analyze the internalization of Islamic developmental psychology values through the Qur'an memorization (Tahfidz Al-Qur'an) program in shaping the character of middle adolescents aged 13–17 years in the digital era at Al Hayya Orphanage Foundation, Depok. Adolescence is a transitional stage characterized by significant physical, emotional, social, and spiritual changes. In the digital era, adolescents face various challenges, such as social media addiction, cyberbullying, declining social interaction, and moral degradation, all of which may affect character development. Therefore, strengthening character education based on Islamic values has become increasingly important. This research employed a qualitative approach using a case study method to gain an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under investigation. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving orphanage caregivers, Tahfidz instructors, and students at Al Hayya Orphanage Foundation, Depok. The findings indicate that the Tahfidz program plays a positive role in character formation through habituation, role modeling, spiritual guidance, and a supportive religious environment. From the cognitive perspective, students demonstrated improvements in discipline, concentration, responsibility, and self-regulation. Emotionally, they became more patient, better able to control their emotions, and experienced inner peace through intensive engagement with the Qur'an. Socially, the program fostered attitudes of mutual assistance, respect, empathy, and stronger social relationships among students.This study reveals that the Tahfidz program serves not only as a means of memorizing the Qur'an but also as an effective medium for internalizing the values of Islamic developmental psychology and fostering Qur'anic character among adolescents in facing the challenges of the digital era.  

This article theologically analyzes the role of the Holy Spirit in the lives of believers through a study of the doctrine of pneumatology, traced from the testimony of Scripture to its impact on the practice of Christian faith. The purpose of this study is to explain how the work of the Holy Spirit is understood not merely as a theological concept, but also as a spiritual reality that shapes the identity, character, and dynamics of believers’ service. The method employed is qualitative research with a library research approach, involving the analysis of relevant theological and biblical sources to construct a conceptual framework concerning the work of the Holy Spirit in guidance, conviction, the sealing of salvation, spiritual transformation, and empowerment in ministry. This research is necessary because there remains a limited understanding of pneumatology that tends to be doctrinal and disconnected from concrete faith experiences. The findings of this study indicate that the presence of the Holy Spirit plays a vital role in leading believers into truth, forming Christian character, strengthening their identity as children of God, and empowering them to serve effectively within the community. Therefore, pneumatology holds significant practical relevance in fostering a dynamic, reflective, and transformative life of faith in the contemporary Christian context.

This article aims to explain the theological meaning and implications of the word "worship" (προσκυνέω/proskuneō) in Matthew 2:2 in the context of the birth of Jesus Christ, and its relevance to the worship practices of the church today. This study uses a qualitative method with a contextual-historical analysis approach to the biblical text, supported by a review of theological literature related to worship in the Christian tradition. The results of the study indicate that proskuneō does not only refer to an act of reverence, but also contains the meaning of acknowledgment of divine authority, an attitude of humility, and a deep spiritual commitment. In the context of Matthew 2:2, the actions of the Magi represent theological, relational, and transformative worship. These findings confirm that true worship involves acknowledging God's sovereignty, a readiness for sacrifice, and an openness to renewal of life. The practical implication for the church today is the need to enrich the understanding and practice of worship that goes beyond the liturgy, but is manifested in personal intimacy with God, acts of social benevolence, and service that reflects a God-fearing life. This article contributes to a biblical understanding of worship and its application in the context of the believer's spiritual life.

This study aims to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the Juz ‘Amma memorization strategy implemented at Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Baitul Azhar, evaluate its effectiveness, and examine the assessment mechanisms applied in Qur’anic learning. The research employed a qualitative field-study approach, focusing on learning activities as the primary object of investigation. Data were collected through direct observation of the learning process, in-depth interviews with the madrasah principal and teachers (ustadz/ustadzah), and documentation analysis related to the memorization program. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing to generate accurate and in-depth findings. The results indicate that the memorization program utilizes a combination of talaqqi, takrir (repetition), sima’i, and small halaqah methods. These strategies have proven effective in improving students’ memorization abilities, as reflected in increased reading fluency, better tajwid accuracy, and the achievement of memorization targets. In addition, the madrasah implements a structured and continuous evaluation system consisting of daily assessments, weekly reviews, and final examinations for each juz. The evaluation focuses on memorization fluency, recitation accuracy, and overall memorization quality. The study concludes that integrating diverse memorization methods with systematic evaluation significantly enhances the effectiveness of Qur’an memorization learning in Islamic educational institutions.  

The keywords are required for computerization. Research and abstract title search made easy with these keywords. This study aims to determine the application of the entrepreneurship-based Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model to improve students' critical thinking and collaboration skills in Biology lessons at MAN 2 Tanjung Jabung Timur. This study used the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method, implemented in two cycles: Cycle I and Cycle II. Each cycle consisted of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection techniques included observation, assessment, evaluation, reflection, and observation sheets for students' critical thinking and collaboration skills. The results showed that the implementation of the entrepreneurship-based PjBL model improved student learning outcomes, critical thinking skills, and collaboration. Assessment scores increased from 62 in Cycle I to 83 in Cycle II, representing a 33.87% increase. Evaluation scores increased from 73 to 93, representing a 27.40% increase, while reflection scores increased from 76 to 91, representing a 19.74% increase. Students' critical thinking skills also improved in the focus, reason, inference, situation, clarity, and overview indicators, which were dominated by categories 3 and 4 in Cycle II. Furthermore, students' collaborative skills improved across indicators of shared understanding, taking appropriate action, and team regulation. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the implementation of the entrepreneurship-based Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model is effective in improving students' critical thinking and collaboration skills in Biology.

Misconceptions on the topic of waves are a systemic problem in high school physics learning that requires a comprehensive diagnostic instrument. Conventional diagnostic instruments up to the four-tier generation have limitations in revealing the conceptual structure behind students' thinking errors. This study aims to develop a five-tier multi-representation diagnostic instrument on the topic of waves using the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The main innovation of this instrument lies in the integration of multi-representations (verbal, pictures, graphics, mathematical) in Tier 1 and the addition of a paraphrase tier (Tier 5) that asks students to rewrite their understanding in their own words. The development process includes needs analysis, designing a grid of 16 questions, validation by two experts, and a limited trial on 34 grade XI students of SMAN 13 Kota Jambi. The results of expert validation showed an average percentage of 91.25% (Very Good) from both validators. Content validity was met with a percentage of False Positive (FP) of 6.80% and False Negative (FN) of 4.41%, both below the 10% threshold. Construct validity was confirmed through a significant Product Moment correlation (r = 0.342–0.348; sig. < 0.05) and factor analysis with six significant factors (eigenvalue > 1). The instrument's reliability was high, with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.726. This instrument is expected to help physics teachers diagnose students' misconceptions more precisely and thoroughly on the topic of waves.

This study examines human resource competence in improving financial management at the Public Service Agency of Gorontalo State University, a public higher education institution that operates under a flexible financial management model while remaining accountable for public funds. The main problem addressed is how financial management personnel translate regulatory knowledge, technical skills, and professional attitudes into efficient, effective, and accountable financial governance. This study aims to analyze the competence of financial management personnel and explain its contribution to strengthening institutional financial management. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed through interviews, observation, and document analysis involving bureau leaders, financial work team officials, treasurers, and financial managers across relevant work units. The findings show that knowledge competence is reflected in personnel understanding of regulations, policies, financial systems, budgeting procedures, reporting requirements, and the linkage between budget and institutional performance. Skills competence is demonstrated through financial administration, transaction recording, document verification, use of financial information systems, reconciliation, reporting, and preparation of accountability documents. Attitudinal competence appears in professionalism, compliance, integrity, prudence, responsibility, and openness to evaluation and audit. Financial management has been directed toward performance-based planning, expenditure control, budget realization monitoring, reporting, supervision, and audit follow-up. However, challenges remain in regulatory adaptation, system integration, data quality, document timeliness, account-code accuracy, inter-unit coordination, and consistency of audit follow-up. The study concludes that strengthening human resource competence is essential for improving financial management that is efficient, effective, accountable, and performance-oriented in public university financial governance.

The digitalization of tax administration has become one of the Indonesian government's strategic initiatives to improve efficiency, transparency, and taxpayer compliance. However, the implementation of digital tax systems among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), particularly distributor-sector MSMEs in Batam City, still faces various administrative and technical challenges. This study aims to examine the experiences, risk perceptions, and adaptation strategies of distributor MSME actors in responding to the digitalization of tax administration following the implementation of the Harmonization of Tax Regulations Law (UU HPP). The research employed a qualitative approach using a phenomenological method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with seven distributor MSME owners in Batam City who had utilized digital tax systems such as e-Filing and Coretax. The findings indicate that most business actors still experience limitations in technical understanding, concerns regarding reporting errors, and difficulties adapting to changes in digital tax systems and regulations. To address these challenges, MSME actors developed several adaptation strategies, including the use of tax consultants, hybrid manual-digital bookkeeping systems, and informal assistance through the internet and business networks. This study highlights that the success of tax digitalization requires a more adaptive approach, stable systems, and policies that are aligned with the characteristics of local MSMEs.

Risk factors for melasma have been identified at several points such as the use of birth control pills, cosmetics, sun exposure, estrogen therapy, decreased thyroid and ovarian function, ovarian tumors, nutrition, drugs that are classified as phototoxic or photoallergic, and epilepsy drugs. This article aims to determine the incidence of melasma and its risk factors. This study uses articles collected from the Google Scholar database. The data collection step uses the keyword "Risk Factor Melasma" according to the title and keyword criteria. The articles used are publications in the 2018-2023 year range. The stages of analysis are carried out using VOSviewer software for visualization and trend analysis in the form of bibliometric maps. The bibliometric approach was applied to identify publication patterns, research developments, and relationships among topics related to melasma risk factors. Based on the visualization results, 100 selected documents were published within 5 years, from 2018 to 2023. The findings provide an overview of the main research trends and contribute to a better understanding of the incidence of melasma and the factors associated with its occurrence

This study aims to analyze in-depth cognitive learning theory and its implications for improving the effectiveness of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teaching at the elementary school level. The adopted methodological approach is qualitative through library research, with the application of content analysis and theoretical synthesis techniques. Primary data sources were obtained from academic literature including textbooks, scientific journals, and the latest empirical research relevant within the last decade. The results of the analysis indicate that cognitive learning theory positions cognitive processes as the core of learning activities, allowing students to function as active agents in constructing knowledge through understanding, analysis, memory representation, and integration with pre-existing cognitive schemas. In the context of PAI, this approach enables meaningful learning through interactive pedagogical strategies such as collaborative discussions, problem-solving, case studies, and metacognitive reflection, which are empirically adapted to the stages of students' cognitive development. The implementation of cognitive theory significantly contributes to strengthening conceptual understanding, increasing learning engagement, developing critical thinking skills, transferring knowledge, and internalizing Islamic values. Thus, cognitive learning theory makes a substantial contribution to optimizing the effectiveness of PAI teaching in elementary schools through an interactive, systematic, and understanding-oriented approach.

This community service program was conducted at GPIA Sidoasri, Malang Regency, a church community located in a rural area with limited access to capital, technology, and market opportunities. To improve the economic welfare of its members, the church initiated a micro-enterprise producing banana chips and jackfruit chips. However, the business faced several challenges, including unattractive product packaging, a short shelf life due to the absence of preservatives, and difficulties in determining competitive and profitable selling prices. To address these issues, the service team provided training on marketing strategies and business capital management. The training covered product branding through attractive packaging, the use of digital promotion to expand market reach, the separation of personal and business finances, simple financial record-keeping, and responsible capital management practices. The program was implemented through lectures, interactive discussions, and participant mentoring. The results showed that participants gained a better understanding of marketing strategies and basic financial management. Although challenges such as limited capital and low digital literacy remained, participants demonstrated strong enthusiasm to apply the knowledge and skills acquired during the program. This activity highlights that the success of micro-enterprises depends not only on product quality but also on effective marketing strategies and sound capital management. Furthermore, the program reinforces the importance of careful planning and responsible stewardship in business, as reflected in the wisdom of Proverbs 21:5.

Balanced nutrition intake is an important factor in supporting the performance of young athletes, especially during the growth period that requires optimal nutrition for intense physical activity. However, the lack of nutritional knowledge among parents of young athletes often leads to nutritional imbalances that have a negative impact on athlete health and performance. This study aims to measure the effect of balanced nutrition education on improving the knowledge and attitudes of parents of athletes at the Kancil Mas Football School (SSB), Karawang. The method used was a quasi-experiment with a pre-test and post-test design involving 20 respondents who were parents of U-13 athletes. Education was provided in the form of direct counseling sessions and group discussions, which were supplemented with supporting materials such as leaflets. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze changes in parental knowledge and attitude scores before and after the intervention. The results of the analysis showed a significant increase in parents' understanding and positive attitudes towards balanced nutrition after education (p < 0.05). The results showed a significant increase in the level of parents' understanding and positive attitudes towards nutrition after the education intervention. These findings highlight the importance of active parental involvement in ensuring that young athletes' nutritional needs are met, as well as providing a basis for developing nutrition education programs in other sports schools.

This article examines the use of cooperative learning strategies in Christian Religious Education (CRE) as an instructional approach that emphasizes the strengthening of students’ faith and Christian character. The discussion covers the definition, objectives, conceptual foundations, principles, and operational procedures of cooperative learning, which are then connected to the theological goals of CRE. The study employs a qualitative approach using a library research method, analyzing pedagogical and theological literature to construct a conceptual framework for implementing cooperative learning within the context of CRE. The findings indicate that cooperative learning strategies are highly aligned with the essence of CRE, as they foster dialogical interaction, shared responsibility, empathy, and the internalization of Gospel values through collaborative learning processes. The effective implementation of this strategy can create a participatory, reflective, and formative learning community that enhances not only cognitive understanding but also students’ attitudes, spirituality, and Christian character. This research is significant in providing both theoretical and practical foundations for CRE educators in designing learning experiences that are relevant, relational, and transformative in accordance with the goals of faith formation.