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Coal mining activities in East Kalimantan have significantly contributed to regional economic development, but they have also resulted in extensive land degradation that requires effective reclamation strategies. The integration of forage crops in reclaimed mine lands offers an opportunity to simultaneously support ecological restoration and livestock production. However, the performance of forage grasses under shaded conditions created by revegetation trees remains insufficiently understood. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological responses, morphological characteristics, and nutritional quality of two forage grass species, Brachiaria humidicola and Stenotaphrum secundatum, grown under shaded conditions on reclaimed coal mine land. The experiment was conducted at the PT Kitadin Embalut reclamation site, East Kalimantan, using a split-plot design with two shading levels (0% and 50%) as the main plots and two grass species as subplots. Each treatment was replicated six times. Variables measured included dry matter yield, leaf-to-stem ratio, chlorophyll content (a, b, and total), crude protein, and crude fiber content. The results showed that a 50% shading level significantly influenced physiological and morphological responses of the grasses. Stenotaphrum secundatum exhibited a marked increase in chlorophyll content under shaded conditions, indicating a stronger acclimation to low light environments compared with Brachiaria humidicola. Shading also reduced the leaf-to-stem ratio in both species. However, dry matter production was not significantly affected by shading, suggesting that both grasses were able to maintain biomass accumulation under moderate shade conditions. Shading slightly reduced crude protein and crude fiber contents.

Cardiovascular dysfunction is a disorder of the blood vessels, such as hypertension, heart failure, and stroke. In 2016, cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death worldwide, based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO). Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death, along with stroke, as shown by the Sample Registration System survey in 2014.This case involves a 64-year-old male, Mr. N, who presented to the emergency department of RSUD dr. Fauziah Bireuen with complaints of chest pain that developed gradually and worsened over the past month. The pain was located across the entire chest and radiated to the back and neck. The pain was described as severe, like being crushed by a heavy load, worsened during strenuous activities such as cutting grass and chopping wood, and relieved when the patient bent forward. The pain could occur at any time, with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score of 10 (severe pain). The patient also reported easy fatigue during heavy physical activity over the past month. Laboratory examination revealed elevated leukocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), segmented neutrophils, troponin I, cholesterol, and triglycerides. The patient was diagnosed with extensive anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) post successful fibrinolytic therapy.

This research intends to examine how the environment of a store impActs the likelihood of customers returning, specifically focusing on the experiences of patrons at Baso Malang Fortuna. The motivation behind this study stems from varying sales outcomes combined with a low propensity for consumers to come back. A quantitative research design was utilized involving survey techniques. Data was gathered by administering questionnaires to shoppers, employing a non-probability sampling approach. The analysis of the data was performed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to investigate both direct and indirect influences among the studied variables. The findings reveal that the store's atmosphere significantly and positively affects customer experience, that the store's atmosphere has a substantial positive influence on the desire to return, and that customer experience also positively and significantly influences the intention to revisit. In addition, customer experience effectively mediates the relationship between the store atmosphere and the intention to return. These results validate that an optimally maintained store atmosphere fosters enjoyable customer experiences, which in turn boosts consumers' desire to return.

Christian Religious Education (PAK) plays a crucial role in helping students develop faith based on the truth of God's Word. Therefore, a theological foundation plays a crucial role in the implementation of PAK, ensuring that educational activities are not only focused on knowledge transfer but also directed toward holistically shaping character and strengthening students' faith. This article aims to examine the theological foundation of Christian Religious Education in the process of developing students' faith based on Christian teachings. The method used in this study is literature analysis, examining various theological sources, the Bible, and writings related to Christian education. The findings of this study indicate that the theological foundation of PAK stems from God's calling as a true educator, the example of Jesus Christ as the Primary Teacher, and the role of the Holy Spirit in fostering and maintaining faith. Christian Religious Education based on strong theology can help students experience true growth in faith, internalize Christian values, and implement them in their daily lives.

This study examines the export barriers encountered by emerging small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia, with a focus on export documentation challenges, tariff constraints, and the adaptive marketing strategies employed to sustain international market engagement. Employing a qualitative case study approach, this research investigates PT Albarka International Group, a nascent export-import company established in 2021 and headquartered in Malang, East Java, which specializes in the export of natural commodities including Bakhur-related materials (opercula shells, damar resin, agarwood), spices, and other Indonesian products to Middle East markets including Yemen, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Libya, Sudan, and Djibouti. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key company personnel and supplemented by document analysis. Findings reveal three primary export barriers: (1) high shipping tariffs relative to regional competitors, frequently triggering order cancellations by importers; (2) complex and time-intensive export documentation requirements, particularly for regulated natural resource products subject to CITES compliance, fish quarantine certification (Health Certificate), and customs declaration (PEB); and (3) internal organizational constraints stemming from overlapping job roles. In response, PT Albarka has adopted adaptive strategies including Full Container Load (FCL) consolidation to reduce per-unit shipping costs, advance payment systems (TT in advance) to mitigate importer default risk, and collaborative consultation with customs and quarantine authorities. The study contributes to the SME internationalization literature by demonstrating how resource-constrained emerging exporters navigate institutional and logistical complexities in developing economy contexts, offering practical insights for SME practitioners and export policy stakeholders.

Sugarcane cultivation often faces productivity losses due to poor sprouting and non-uniform initial growth. In bud-based nursery systems, seedling quality is heavily constrained by limited media volume and low buffering capacity. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of NPK fertilizer dosages and Gibberellic Acid (GA) concentrations on the growth and physiological vigor of sugarcane seedlings. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design featuring nine treatment combinations with four replications. Parameters measured included plant height, stem diameter, the number of tillers, the number of leaves, and the chlorophyll index. The results demonstrated that the application of the NPK 150 kg ha⁻¹ + GA 50 ppm treatment significantly enhanced plant height, stem diameter, number of shoots, and the number of leaves compared to the control treatment. Statistical analysis revealed a significant interaction between nutrient availability and hormonal stimulation in overcoming the constraints of limited rooting environments. These findings suggest that precise integration of chemical fertilization and exogenous growth regulators is essential for producing high-quality planting material, potentially reducing losses in the subsequent planting cycle. In the future, it is necessary to confirm the use of a combination of NPK fertilizer with gibberellin during the vegetative period of plants so that the information obtained is comprehensive.

Occupational Safety and Health (K3) is an important aspect in protecting workers from potential accidents and health problems arising from work activities, including in the administrative sector, which is often considered low-risk. However, the Human Resources (HR) Department at PT Micro Madani Institute (MMI) Solo Branch still found several potential hazards and work risks that have not been optimally identified. This study aims to apply the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOPS) and Job Safety Analysis (JSA) methods to identify and mitigate hazards and work accident risks in the HR Department's activities at PT Micro Madani Institute (MMI) Solo Branch. The research method is a qualitative study with a descriptive approach through observation and interviews. Risk analysis used the JSA and HAZOPS methods. The results of the study show that the application of the HAZOPS method in five sections of the HR Department successfully identified 53 potential hazards and risks, consisting of 12 extreme risks, 23 high risks, 15 moderate risks, and 3 low risks with the Employee Training and Development section as the section with the largest number of risks. Meanwhile, the application of the JSA method also identified 53 potential hazards and risks from 19 work activities. The dominant risks stem from non-ergonomic work postures, prolonged sitting, intensive computer use, and high workloads. This study concludes that the JSA and HAZOPS methods are effective in identifying potential occupational hazards and risks and can serve as the basis for control efforts to minimize workplace accidents and improve OHS implementation in the HR Department.

Difficulties in learning to read the Qur’an among adults do not always stem from the quality of teaching materials or instructors, but are often caused by the use of learning methods that are not appropriate to adult learners’ characteristics. Adults possess distinct psychological, physiological, and experiential backgrounds that require learning approaches different from those used for children. Monotonous and rigid instructional methods may hinder motivation and limit learning outcomes, particularly in Qur’anic literacy education. This condition is further compounded by physical limitations commonly experienced by adults and the elderly, such as dental and oral health problems, as well as strong regional language accents that affect pronunciation accuracy. In response to these challenges, the Tsaqifa method was developed as an alternative and practical approach specifically designed for adult beginners who have little or no prior ability to read the Qur’an. This method emphasizes simplicity, flexibility, and learner-centered instruction, enabling participants to gradually improve their Qur’anic reading skills in a supportive and non-intimidating learning environment. Through its application, adult learners are encouraged to regain confidence and motivation in studying the Qur’an, thereby contributing to efforts to reduce Qur’anic illiteracy among adult and elderly communities, particularly in rural areas.

This research examines the innovation of community empowerment rooted in local wisdom for environmental management and green economy advancement in Ketegan Village, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency. The study stems from the increasing environmental issues resulting from urban development and the limited public understanding of sustainable economic measures. The research examines how local values—like cooperative efforts and social responsibility—can be incorporated into innovative, economically effective environmental management frameworks. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, data collection involved in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and the documentation of environmental policies and socio-economic information. The results indicate that residents of Ketegan have effectively created an empowerment model that integrates tradition and innovation via waste bank management, the use of organic waste for compost and biogas, and community-driven green economy projects engaging women and youth. Cooperation between the government, community, and universities has been essential in maintaining these initiatives. However, institutional capability, online marketing, and program viability continue to pose considerable obstacles. The research suggests enhancing community potential by providing training in green entrepreneurship, facilitating digital transformation, and incorporating local wisdom principles into sustainable development strategies. The results confirm that innovation rooted in local wisdom can effectively create resilient, competitive, and environmentally aware communities.

This study explores the lives of Rohingya women residing in the Minaraya refugee camp, Padang Tiji Subdistrict, Pidie Regency, Aceh, through the lens of the Gender Agency Theory and Resilience Theory. It aims to understand how these women negotiate their roles within a patriarchal social structure and develop resilience amid economic, social, and cultural constraints. The findings reveal that Rohingya women live under a deeply entrenched patriarchal system in which men dominate decision-making processes, while women are confined to domestic responsibilities. However, their compliance should not be interpreted as mere submission; rather, it reflects a form of piety-based agency, a conscious act grounded in religious and moral values to maintain dignity and family harmony. Within the domestic sphere, women play an essential role in managing aid funds, distributing food, and regulating household expenditures. These actions demonstrate adaptive capacity and subtle role negotiation within the limits of gender norms. Spirituality serves as a significant source of strength; religious activities such as Qur'an recitations and collective prayers function as coping mechanisms for dealing with trauma and uncertainty. Furthermore, support from humanitarian organizations helps meet basic needs. However, the core of their resilience stems from family solidarity and deeply held religious values. Rohingya women in Aceh display strength through faith, social adaptation, and resource management, positioning themselves as active agents in sustaining dignity and survival amid adversity.

Factual verification of political party membership constitutes a critical administrative stage in electoral management, as it directly affects electoral integrity and democratic legitimacy. In Indonesia, this process remains predominantly reliant on conventional door-to-door verification methods, which face structural constraints including time limitations, excessive administrative burden, high costs, and vulnerability to procedural errors and electoral disputes. Meanwhile, the advancement of e-government and Electronic-Based Government Systems (E-Government) has created opportunities to adopt more accountable and verifiable digital identity mechanisms. This study aims to conceptualize and examine Electronic Know Your Customer (E-KYC) as an administrative governance model for verifying political party membership to strengthen electoral integrity within an e-government framework. Employing a mixed-methods approach with a sequential explanatory design, quantitative data were collected through a survey of 44 election officials at district and municipal election commissions in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with key institutional actors. The findings demonstrate a positive and significant relationship between the adoption of E-KYC and strengthened administrative electoral integrity, democratic public service values, and institutional readiness. Qualitative evidence further indicates that challenges to electoral integrity stem primarily from weaknesses in administrative procedures rather than from political contestation itself. This study concludes that E-KYC should be positioned not merely as a technological innovation but as an institutionalized administrative governance model, contingent upon regulatory clarity, system interoperability, and organizational capacity building.

This study aims to examine the application of group guidance in improving students' learning processes at the secondary school level. Group guidance is one of the services in guidance and counseling that allows students to discuss, share experiences, and develop problem-solving skills in a group setting. The background of this research stems from the observation that many students experience difficulties in their learning process, including low motivation, ineffective learning strategies, and an inability to manage academic pressure. The method used in this study is a literature review approach that examines various relevant research and theories. The results show that group guidance has a significant positive impact on improving students' learning processes, including increasing learning motivation, developing effective study habits, enhancing social interaction among students, and reducing academic anxiety. Group guidance also provides a safe space for students to express their academic difficulties and receive constructive support from peers and counselors. The implications of this research suggest that group guidance services need to be consistently and systematically implemented in schools as part of a comprehensive guidance and counseling program. Schools are recommended to design structured group guidance programs with clear objectives and methods tailored to students' developmental needs. This approach is proven to be effective in supporting students' academic achievement and personal development.

There are various characters that can be drawn from the One Piece animation that need to be studied and explored further so that the large number of fans can emulate the relevance of Quranic characters in their favorite animation. This research stems from the phenomenon of discovering the representation of character relevance to the teachings of the Qur'an in an animation called One Piece, focusing on the research to determine how the Quranic character traits are depicted in the One Piece Arabasta Arc, and how the visualizations of these Quranic characters are presented in the One Piece Arabasta Arc. This research uses a qualitative approach. The research results illustrate that there are 18 findings in episodes 97, 99, 103, and 108 that indicate values in line with the character traits or moral teachings of the Qur'an. In episode 97, there are 4 character values: stop complaining, avoid greed and wastefulness, don't lie, and help others. In episode 99, there are 6 character values: love for the homeland, helping others, fighting for a cause, feeding the hungry, and consulting others. Meanwhile, in episode 103, there are 4 character values: obedience, fighting for a cause, friendliness, and avoiding bad assumptions. Additionally, in episode 108, there are 4 character values: helping others, fighting for a cause, and avoiding bad assumptions. Furthermore, the visualization of Quranic characters in the One Piece animation can be seen through the elements of film production, using narrative elements by observing the characters and the message of the story.

Drug stockouts in hospitals pose significant risks to service quality, patient safety, and operational efficiency. This study aimed to analyze how drug demand planning and procurement processes at Johar Baru Regional General Hospital contribute to stockout occurrences and to develop data-driven recommendations based on supply chain management principles. A qualitative descriptive design was employed using data triangulation. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the Head of the Pharmacy Installation, procurement staff, and warehouse pharmacists, complemented by direct observation and analysis of 2024 planning and procurement documents. Thematic analysis was conducted with the support of NVivo software to identify patterns and relationships among key variables, including drug demand planning, procurement, and inventory management.Findings reveal that stockouts stem from interconnected weaknesses in planning accuracy, procurement coordination, and inventory control systems. Effective stock management depends not only on increasing supply but also on improving data quality, integrating inventory information systems with operational workflows, and enhancing cross-functional collaboration. Recommended strategies include implementing a minimum stock alert system integrated with the Hospital Management Information System (HMIS), strengthening standard operating procedures for stockout response and procurement confirmation, improving integration between HMIS, the National Formulary, and budgeting systems, and applying consumption based planning methods combined with ABC VEN analysis to optimize inventory control.

This study aims to evaluate the Quran Tahfidz program at Bahrul Hikmah Islamic Junior High School using the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model introduced by Stufflebeam. The findings of the research are as follows: First, the evaluation of the context aspect indicates that the program objectives have been comprehensively formulated. Data analysis confirms that the program implementation is well-aligned with the established goals, placing it in the 'good' category. Second, the evaluation of the input component reveals that the managerial competence of the administrators and the pedagogical capabilities of the educators have met the expected standards. Nevertheless, the infrastructure aspects require further optimization to foster a more conducive learning environment for students. Third, regarding the process aspect, the program implementation has generally achieved the targeted outcomes. However, observations identified obstacles predominantly stemming from students' internal factors; this implies the crucial role of teachers in integrating motivational stimuli as a preventive measure against declining learning enthusiasm. Fourth, the product evaluation shows that the daily memorization targets are generally achieved, although some students require remedial sessions. Ultimately, students are capable of completing the memorization of three juz within the three-year period.

The idea of functions in mathematics and how they are used to build different mathematical models are methodically examined in this publication. Functions are basic mathematical constructs that show relationships between two or more variables in explicit equations, tables, or graphs. The fundamental building blocks of mathematics are functions, which enable the representation of variable interdependencies in a variety of formats, including formal mathematical expressions, data tables, and graphs. The classification of function types, such as linear, quadratic, and exponential, and their corresponding uses in the domains of physics, economics, and epidemiology are the main topics of this study, which takes a descriptive and exploratory approach.This article illustrates how knowledge of functions greatly aids processes through a review of the literature and an examination of secondary sources from current textbooks and academic publications. of judgment, forecasting, and analysis. In both academic and professional contexts, mathematical modeling based on functions has demonstrated efficacy in accurately and efficiently representing real-world occurrences. Thus, the significance of incorporating functional thinking into STEM education and multidisciplinary practice is emphasized in this essay.

Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor contributing to the development of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), which includes STEMI, NSTEMI, and unstable angina. The increasing prevalence of hypertension worldwide raises concern regarding its impact on cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to describe the profile of ACS patients with hypertension receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) therapy in the Intensive Coronary Care Unit (ICCU) of RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Using a descriptive cross-sectional method, data from 91 patients treated between July 2021 and October 2024 were analyzed. Variables included demographic characteristics, clinical classification of ACS, hypertension degree, comorbidities, types and doses of ACEI/ARB administered. The results showed that most patients were male (73%) and aged over 65 years (40%). Chi-square analysis revealed no significant relationship between hypertension degree, ACS classification, or most comorbidities with drug selection or dosage (p>0.05), except for a significant association between coronary heart disease comorbidity and ARB selection. These findings suggest that in hypertensive ACS patients, the choice between ACEI and ARB therapy is predominantly based on individual comorbidity profiles rather than blood pressure severity or ACS type. The study highlights the importance of personalized treatment approaches considering patient comorbidities to optimize cardiovascular outcomes.

This Community Service Program (PKM) was carried out in Dander Village with the aim of increasing the marketability of agricultural products through assistance in branding strategies and digital marketing. The background of this activity stems from the low added value and limited market reach of agricultural products, most of which are still sold without clear branding and have not yet utilized digital media. The program aims to raise farmers’ awareness of the importance of brand identity, enhance their ability to design product branding, and utilize digital platforms for promotion and sales. The implementation methods included planning, socialization and branding training, digital marketing training, implementation assistance, and evaluation. Through this activity, participants were trained to create brand identities, product packaging, business social media accounts, and digital promotional content. The results showed an improvement in participants’ skills in developing branding strategies and managing digital marketing, which led to an average sales increase of 25–30%. This activity demonstrates that proper application of branding and digital marketing can enhance the competitiveness and selling value of local agricultural products in Dander Village.

The rapid growth of e-commerce in Indonesia, particularly the Shopee platform, has generated a large volume of user reviews on the Google Play Store, which can be analyzed to understand consumer sentiment. This study aims to compare the performance of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms in binary sentiment classification (positive and negative) on Shopee reviews, as well as to statistically test the significance of their differences using One-Way ANOVA. A total of 400,498 reviews were collected via web scraping, preprocessed through text normalization, tokenization, and Indonesian language stemming, and then feature-extracted using TF-IDF and Count Vectorizer. Evaluation results show that SVM achieved an accuracy of 91.77%, precision of 91.49%, recall of 91.77%, and F1-Score of 91.56%, while RF achieved an accuracy of 90.07%, precision of 91.68%, recall of 90.07%, and F1-Score of 90.55%. ANOVA confirmed that the performance difference between the two algorithms is statistically significant (p-value = 0.0007) with a large effect size (η² = 0.1815). Therefore, SVM is recommended as a more optimal and consistent algorithm for automated sentiment analysis of Indonesian e-commerce reviews, while also providing a replicable methodological framework for similar future research.

Canker sores are an inflammation of the oral tissues, generally caused by bacterial and fungal infections. They can cause pain and discomfort and reduce the sufferer's quality of life. Treatment for canker sores has been dominated by synthetic drugs, but they are less popular among the public, especially children, due to discomfort and concerns about side effects. Therefore, we need safer and more easily accepted alternative treatments based on culturally derived materials. This study is to investigate the potential of pineapple and melon stems formulated in the form of gummy candy nanosimplicia as a complementary therapy in the treatment of canker sores. The research method was carried out through a literature review by collecting scientific articles from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, then analyzed using VOSviewer software to map emerging research trends and potential. The analysis results indicate that there are approximately 600 articles discussing the active metabolite content in pineapple and melon stems that have antibacterial and antifungal activity, as well as the development of innovative preparations such as gummy candy as a delivery medium for bioactive compounds. The implications of this study indicate that the combination of pineapple stem and melon nanosimplisia has the potential to be developed as a safe, attractive, and effective natural herbal candy product for the prevention and treatment of mouth ulcers, especially in children.