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Multiculturalism is a view that recognizes and respects cultural diversity in social life, politics, and community values. This concept emphasizes the importance of recognizing differences in cultural identity as the basis for creating a harmonious, peaceful, and inclusive society. Historically, the idea of ​​multiculturalism emerged as a response to the melting pot paradigm in countries with high immigration rates, which tend to assimilate minority cultures into the dominant culture. Conversely, multiculturalism seeks to maintain the cultural identity of each group while building social cohesion within the framework of shared life. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literature study approach to examine the definition, history, and basic ideas of multiculturalism from various literature sources. The results of the study show that multiculturalism has a strong foundation in the principles of respect, tolerance, equal rights, and social justice in a pluralistic society. A deep understanding of this concept is very important in the context of a complex and diverse modern society, because it is able to strengthen mutual respect, build social solidarity, and maintain national unity amidst cultural, religious, and ethnic differences. Thus, multiculturalism is not only a social concept but also a cultural strategy for realizing a just and harmonious life together.

This study aims to analyze the process of acculturation between Buddhism and local culture in Indonesia, particularly in the context of the formation of a unique and historically relevant Nusantara Buddhist identity. The focus of the study includes the integration of the Tri Pitaka teachings with local cultural values, practices, language, art, and rituals to create a form of religious practice that is adaptive and meaningful for the local community. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through observations of religious practices, interviews with religious and community leaders, and literature studies of relevant texts, inscriptions, historical artifacts, and scientific works. Data were analyzed interpretively through reduction, thematic grouping, and narrative construction that connects field phenomena to historical, social, and cultural contexts. The results show that the acculturation of Buddhism in Java is harmonious and multidimensional. The integration of Buddhism with local culture is manifested in the adaptation of ritual language, temple relief sculptures, ritual traditions such as Javanese puja bhakti (prayer offerings) and slametan (celebration ceremonies), and practices of respect for parents that align with Buddhist teachings. The Buddhist identity of the Indonesian archipelago is created through a synthesis of universal Buddhist values ​​and local culture, strengthening social cohesion and serving as a means of moral education for a multicultural society. This research contributes to the understanding of religious and cultural acculturation and opens up space for further study of the dynamics of religious integration in Indonesia.

This study aims to describe how stereotypes occur in cross-cultural communication between PMM and PNM students and to examine their impacts on students’ achievement and interaction. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires to capture both behavioral and perceptual aspects of communication. The findings reveal several key points. First, initial interactions shaped expectations and assumptions about each other’s behavior and culture. Second, stereotypes often caused miscommunication, misunderstandings, and confusion in interpreting messages. Third, they influenced group dynamics, including cooperation, participation, and conflict resolution. Fourth, students’ perceptions of identity, both personal and cultural, played a role in shaping their interactions. Fifth, the study identified both positive and negative impacts. Positive effects included enhanced Javanese language skills, increased cultural awareness, strengthened group identity, and cognitive shortcuts that facilitated understanding of others. Negative effects involved communication gaps, misinterpretation, discrimination, cultural barriers, and language difficulties. Overall, the study highlights that stereotypes in cross-cultural communication are a double-edged sword: while they can provide quick cognitive frameworks for understanding others, they can also impede effective communication and collaboration. These findings emphasize the importance of cultural sensitivity, awareness, and reflective practices in multicultural student interactions to maximize learning and minimize conflicts.

This article discussesthe social and cultural changes in the United States over time, with aspecial emphasis on the major changes that occurred from the 19th century to the modern era. There are a number of variables that have influenced social change in the United States, including the abolition of slavery, the civil rights movement, and the immigration process thathas resulted in a multicultural society. Influenced by a mix of European cultures, indigenous peoples, and immigrants from various parts of the world, the evolution of American culturehas produced a unique cultural wealth such as jazz, blues, and pop music. This transformation is also linked to changes in the economicand political spheres, which have impacted social structures, such as changes inlegislation and the expansion of individual rights. To describe the journeyand socio-cultural impact that reflects the complex and dynamic national identity of the United States, this article employs a qualitative literature review methodology. This article also examines the role of media and technology in accelerating and spreading socio-cultural change in American society.

This study aims to determine the perceptions of library users towards the multicultural literacy program at the Sibolga City Public Library, as a response to the importance of literacy in building an inclusive society amidst cultural diversity. The method used is descriptive quantitative with a survey technique through a questionnaire to 73 active library users. The research instrument includes 15 statements on the independent variable (multicultural literacy program) based on James A. Banks' theory, and 10 statements on the dependent variable (librarian perception) based on the Ruch and Zimbardo framework. The results of the analysis show that library users' perceptions of the program are in the good category, with an average score of 40.23 out of a maximum of 50, and a standard deviation of 2.89, which indicates the consistency of respondents' responses. For the multicultural literacy program variable, an average score of 60.9 out of a maximum of 75, and a standard deviation of 3.68, is obtained. This indicates that library users feel that this program is very useful in increasing their understanding of cultural diversity. More than 78% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the program helped them understand other cultures, think critically about stereotypes, and feel proud of their own cultural identities. Furthermore, 54.79% of respondents expressed their willingness to promote the program to the surrounding community. These findings confirm that the Sibolga City Public Library has successfully fulfilled its role as an inclusive literacy space. The multicultural literacy program not only helps users improve their understanding of culture but also strengthens social cohesion and strengthens intercultural relationships. With this program, the library has functioned as an important agent of social change in creating a more inclusive and tolerant society. It is hoped that this program will continue to develop and be implemented more widely.

This research focuses on the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in actualizing the values of Ahlussunnah Wal Jamaah (Aswaja) Annahdliyah as one of the Islamic guidelines that develop and are firmly rooted in Indonesia. Aswaja values have distinctive characteristics that emphasize moderation, tolerance, and maintaining religious traditions that have been acculturated with local culture without abandoning the principles of Islamic law. In the context of education, Aswaja is an important foundation in shaping the character of students who are religious, nationalist, and able to appreciate diversity in a multicultural society. The purpose of this study is to find out: (1) how to implement the role of PAI teachers in integrating Aswaja values in the learning process at MA NU Assalafie Babakan Ciwaringin Cirebon, (2) problems that arise in the actualization process, such as limited student understanding, differences in family backgrounds, to the challenges of globalization currents that can affect religious understanding, and (3) efforts made by teachers to overcome them, for example, through a personal approach, strengthening Aswaja-based teaching materials, and collaboration with schools and parents. This study uses a qualitative method with a field study approach. Data was obtained through observation, in-depth interviews with madrasah heads, deputy heads of student affairs, and five PAI teachers, and documentation of learning activities. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawn, then tested for validity with the source triangulation technique. The results of the study show that the role of PAI teachers is very crucial in maintaining the value of Aswaja so that it remains relevant and internalized in students.

Perception refers Perception is an individual's way of viewing a situation, shaped by their experiences, environment, and values. Communication strategy is the planning and management done to achieve a particular goal. This study focuses on three research questions: 1. What is the perception of outstanding students in developing communication skills? 2. What is the strategy of outstanding students in developing communication skills? 3. What are the opportunities and challenges faced by outstanding students in building communication skills? The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection techniques employed include interviews, observation, and documentation. The results indicate that the perception of outstanding students in developing communication skills includes: 1. Learning through practice, and 2. Having both introverted and extroverted traits. The strategies of outstanding students in developing communication skills include: 1. Recognizing the audience, 2. Non-verbal communication, 3. Joining interest groups, 4. Applying the "rule of three" technique, 5. Participating in public speaking activities, 6. Finding examples of communication from great figures, 7. Communicating every day and evaluating. The opportunities and challenges of outstanding students in building communication skills include: 1. Group communication, and the challenge of adapting (both internal and external)

Indonesia is a unitary state, has a lot of diversity that combines various nationalities, dialects, religions, and communities. Therefore, as a diverse nation, moderation in religion is needed so that there is no degenerate behavior that can divide a country. Internalization of religious values in a multicultural society is an effort to integrate religious values with cultural and religious diversity in society. The main purpose of this internalization is to increase tolerance, respect diversity, and form an inclusive religious culture. This study aims to discuss the internalization of religious moderation values in a multicultural society. This study uses a qualitative approach and data processing using descriptive-analytical methods. Data processing is used as a benchmark to find out how the internalization of religious moderation values in a multicultural society, then takes several sources from the Bantengan village community to be used as research objects, in order to answer the main research questions, including: 1) How is the process of conveying understanding the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society in Bantengan Village. 2) How is the negotiation process with the community regarding the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society in Bantengan Village. 3) -How is the implementation of the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society in Bantengan Village? From the results and discussion of this study, it shows that there are several ways that the Bantengan village community does to internalize the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society. This study concludes that internalization of the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society in Bantengan Village can be done in various ways. An important effort to internalize the values of religious moderation in a multicultural society is to make the Bantengan village community a harmonious society by strengthening tolerance between religious communities, and having a spirit of justice between communities.

The problem in this research is formulated into three main questions: (1) How to develop "PAPIN" (Smart Board) learning media on ethnic and cultural diversity for Grade IV students at SD Negeri 101767 Tembung? (2) How to validate the "PAPIN" learning media to ensure its appropriateness and quality for use in the classroom? (3) How effective is the use of the "PAPIN" (Smart Board) learning media in improving students' understanding of ethnic and cultural diversity in a primary school setting? The main objectives of this research are: (1) To develop feasible and relevant "PAPIN" learning media that supports the learning of ethnic and cultural diversity in accordance with the needs of Grade IV students at SD Negeri 101767 Tembung. (2) To produce a practical and user-friendly digital learning tool that can be integrated into classroom activities. (3) To evaluate the effectiveness of the media in improving learning outcomes, particularly students' knowledge, engagement, and appreciation of cultural diversity. This research adopts the 4D (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) development model, a systematic method for creating and validating educational products. The research subjects are fourth-grade students from SD Negeri 101767 Tembung, selected as they represent the target users of the media. Data were collected through classroom observations, documentation, expert validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and evaluation instruments to measure the learning outcomes. The findings of this research are expected to contribute to the development of innovative, technology-based instructional tools in elementary education, particularly in promoting multicultural awareness and inclusive learning environments.

This article discusses the dynamics of Islamic education during the Sultanate of Banten, an Islamic kingdom that developed since the 16th century and became one of the centers of Islamic civilization in the archipelago. Islamic education in Banten not only shapes the Islamic identity of the community, but also strengthens morality, social solidarity, and cultural resilience. Islamic boarding schools are the main pillars of education that integrate the teaching of religious science, character education, and socio-religious practices. The role of pesantren expands, not only as a learning center, but also as a da'wah institution that instills the values of independence, justice, and brotherhood in the midst of a multicultural society. Great scholars such as Sheikh Nawawi al-Bantani and Sheikh Yusuf al-Makassari have an important role in strengthening the scientific network between Banten, the Middle East, and the Islamic world. Their profound works in the fields of jurisprudence, Sufism, and morals had a great influence on the development of Islamic thought in Southeast Asia. The pesantren curriculum that focuses on the yellow book, with the teaching methods of sorogan, bandongan, and wetonan, produces students who are not only knowledgeable, but also disciplined, moral, and sensitive to social problems. The Dutch colonial period brought severe challenges with secular policies and restrictions on Islamic education. However, pesantren still exist as spiritual and intellectual fortresses. This success is supported by the ability of pesantren to develop economic independence and expand scientific networks through the overseas migration of students to various Islamic study centers abroad. Until now, Banten's Islamic education heritage has transformed into a modern Islamic boarding school that is able to combine classical traditions with technology and global insights. This study confirms that traditional Islamic education in Banten has a strategic role in shaping the social, spiritual, and identity structure of the Muslim community, which persists across generations.

The research departs from educational problems in Islamic boarding schools with distinctive educational characteristics and the diversity of cultural backgrounds of students. So researchers are interested in conducting a more in-depth analysis of a harmonious environment despite having students with diverse cultural backgrounds. The purpose of the study is to identify; 1) the characteristics of multicultural Islamic education planning, 2) the characteristics of organizing multicultural Islamic education, 3) Identification of the characteristics of implementing multicultural Islamic education, 4) Identification of the characteristics of supervision of multicultural Islamic education, 5) Analysis of the impact of the characteristics of multicultural Islamic education management in producing moderate students. The research framework departs from theory of multicultural education management in Islamic boarding schools which includes; planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising educational programs in Islamic boarding schools. Managing the elements of education in Islamic boarding schools in; objectives, values, curriculum, teaching methods and facilities and funds, carried out by the Kiyai Ustadz Santri Manager will have an impact on the attitude of religious moderation in students with indications of national commitment, tolerance, anti-violence, accommodating to local culture. This study used a qualitative approach, using ethnography. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation analysis. Data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman analysis technique. The validity test is carried out with data validity by conducting tests; on credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Results of the study found that the characteristics of multicultural education management in Islamic boarding schools: First, Planning in the form of a curriculum containing multicultural values, involving various elements of the Islamic boarding school through deliberation and open meetings of curriculum preparation studies, integrating the madrasah curriculum with Islamic boarding school. Second, organizing; there is empowerment in fostering Islamic boarding schools, Conventional traditional systems, and Guidance patterns depending on the figure of kiai, the existence of organizational work procedures. Third, Implementation of education is carried out; structured through learning classification, planned, organized, and evaluated with the basic pattern of Islamic boarding school education, internalized in attitudes, methods, and exemplary behavior of the kiai. Fourth, Supervision of learning through assessment of learning of multicultural values, Tests are contextual and comprehensive. Fifth, impact of the characteristics of multicultural Islamic education management in producing students who are able to act in the middle by prioritizing Islamic brotherhood and basyariyah, are tolerant for the sake of realizing Islam rahmatan lil aalamiin.

This research examines the process of internalizing civic values within the context of multicultural education in Indonesia, which faces complex challenges in forming citizens with strong national identity while appreciating diversity. The study aims to analyze effective models and strategies for internalizing civic values in multicultural educational environments and identify implementation challenges. The research methodology employs a qualitative approach with literature study analyzing relevant academic publications from 2021-2025 through qualitative content analysis techniques. Findings indicate that internalizing civic values in multicultural education requires a holistic approach integrating cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions through learning strategies based on local wisdom, modern technology utilization, and transformative pedagogy. Main challenges include lack of stakeholder support, policy implementation gaps, and resistance to learning paradigm changes. The research indicates the need for reconstructing civic education paradigms from indoctrination models toward reflective-contextual learning that emphasizes tolerance, inclusivity, and appreciation for cultural diversity. Research implications emphasize the importance of synergy between educational policies, teachers' roles as transformation agents, and continuous evaluation to realize civic education responsive to the challenges of Indonesia's multicultural society

Cultural diversity demands communication skills that extend beyond verbal communication and encompass an understanding of cross-cultural values, emotions, and identities. This article examines cultural communication in a pluralistic society through a psychological approach, focusing on perception, stereotypes, empathy, and cognitive openness. Cultural perception shapes how individuals interpret social reality, but often results in stereotypes that simplify the characteristics of a group, which can hinder healthy communication. On the other hand, empathy—both affective and cognitive—plays a crucial role in building emotional understanding and perspectives toward people from different cultural backgrounds. Cognitive openness strengthens the ability to accept differences, avoid quick judgments, and increase awareness of social complexity. This combination of empathy and openness is the primary foundation for building effective and inclusive intercultural communication competencies. This article emphasizes that these competencies can be developed through education, cross-cultural experiences, and psychosocial training. In the era of globalization and digitalization, cross-cultural understanding is crucial for creating a harmonious environment in educational settings, organizations, and communities. Therefore, building empathetic, open, and stereotype-free communication is key to successful interactions in a multicultural society.  

This study aims to examine the optimization of the field trip method in improving elementary school students' understanding of social and cultural diversity. The background of this study is based on the need for a learning approach that is not only informative, but also contextual and participatory, considering the importance of instilling the values ​​of tolerance and multiculturalism from an early age. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method based on literature studies, by reviewing various sources of literature such as journal articles, academic books, and relevant digital documents. The results of the study show that the field trip method makes a significant contribution to contextual learning, especially in socio-cultural material. This activity encourages students to experience diversity in society firsthand, develop empathy, tolerance, and strengthen 21st century skills such as critical thinking, collaboration, and communication. However, optimizing this method requires systematic planning, support from various parties, and innovation in integrating technology and project-based approaches. Therefore, the field trip method has great potential if applied in a structured manner in the learning process in elementary schools. This study recommends that schools and teachers actively develop field trip programs that are integrated with the curriculum and based on real experiences.

The diversity of cultural preferences among students creates interesting communication dynamics in the scope of friendship on campus. Using descriptive qualitative research with an ethnographic approach, this study aims to find out how students who are fans of popular culture (Korean and Japanese) and local culture (Javanese) negotiate their cultural identity. Through participatory observation and interviews conducted with three informants, the results showed the existence of openness, adaptation, and the tendency of functional biculturalism. So that intercultural communication can take place harmoniously and support the formation of a flexible multicultural identity.

Indonesia as a multicultural country has various traditions that reflect social and spiritual values, one of which is the tingkeban tradition in Javanese culture. This tradition is not only a spiritual ritual for the safety of pregnant women and their fetuses, but also a medium for cultural expression through the symbolism of traditional food. This study aims to identify the terms of traditional food and snacks in the tingkeban ceremony and explore the symbolic and cultural meanings contained therein through an ethnolinguistic approach. The focus of the study was directed at the people of Ketapangkuning Village, Ngusikan District, Jombang Regency, East Java, who still maintain the traditional tingkeban practice. By using an ethnolinguistic approach, this study attempts to trace the relationship between language and culture reflected in the lexicon of traditional food as a representation of the values of harmony, balance, and respect for life in Javanese society.

This article explores the integration of creative and historical tourism through a comparative examination of two prominent cultural destinations in East Java, Indonesia: Bandar Grisse in Gresik and the Bung Karno Memorial Park in Blitar. Bandar Grisse, a revitalized old-town district, exemplifies a unique urban tourism model that blends colonial architectural heritage with a contemporary pedestrian-friendly layout reminiscent of Malioboro Street in Yogyakarta. Central to its historical significance is the Garling (Gardu Suling), an iconic heritage structure equipped with a siren, strategically located amidst a multicultural urban fabric encompassing Dutch, Arab, Chinese, and indigenous settlements. The institutionalization of the “Bandar Grisse” tourism brand has catalyzed a series of recurring cultural events, including the annual Bandar Grisse Festival and the biweekly Cokro Ekraf Festival, fostering local creative economies. Complementing this urban heritage is the Bung Karno Memorial Park, a monumental site that not only serves as the final resting place of Indonesia’s first president but also as a locus of national remembrance and civic education. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, this study underscores the symbiotic relationship between heritage preservation and cultural innovation in promoting sustainable tourism rooted in local identity and historical consciousness.

This Community Service Program (PKM) was implemented in response to the high usage of social media among students, particularly Instagram, which often becomes a platform for cyberbullying. This phenomenon becomes increasingly complex when students come from diverse cultural backgrounds. Comments or posts considered normal in one culture may be perceived as offensive in another. A lack of cultural sensitivity often triggers digital conflict and bullying, which can negatively impact students' mental health. This PKM aims to improve students’ understanding of the dangers of cyberbullying and the importance of cross-cultural communication ethics. The program began with a pre-test to assess participants' initial knowledge, followed by an interactive seminar discussing the concepts of cyberbullying, digital ethics, and real-life case studies. Students then engaged in group discussions and simulations, where they analyzed problematic digital content and formulated empathetic, constructive responses. At the end of the activity, a post-test was conducted to evaluate the program’s effectiveness. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ awareness and attitudes. This program successfully encouraged students to be more thoughtful and responsible in their online interactions and to become change agents in creating a safer, more inclusive digital environment. The outcomes of this program include a scholarly publication, an educational video disseminated on social media, and quantitative data showing an increase in participants’ knowledge. Overall, this initiative contributes to strengthening multicultural digital literacy among today’s youth.

This Community Service Program (PKM) was implemented in response to the high usage of social media among students, particularly Instagram, which often becomes a platform for cyberbullying. This phenomenon becomes increasingly complex when students come from diverse cultural backgrounds. Comments or posts considered normal in one culture may be perceived as offensive in another. A lack of cultural sensitivity often triggers digital conflict and bullying, which can negatively impact students' mental health. This PKM aims to improve students’ understanding of the dangers of cyberbullying and the importance of cross-cultural communication ethics. The program began with a pre-test to assess participants' initial knowledge, followed by an interactive seminar discussing the concepts of cyberbullying, digital ethics, and real-life case studies. Students then engaged in group discussions and simulations, where they analyzed problematic digital content and formulated empathetic, constructive responses. At the end of the activity, a post-test was conducted to evaluate the program’s effectiveness. The results showed a significant improvement in students’ awareness and attitudes. This program successfully encouraged students to be more thoughtful and responsible in their online interactions and to become change agents in creating a safer, more inclusive digital environment. The outcomes of this program include a scholarly publication, an educational video disseminated on social media, and quantitative data showing an increase in participants’ knowledge. Overall, this initiative contributes to strengthening multicultural digital literacy among today’s youth.

This study explores the strategic role of Pancasila as a living ideology in addressing the rising challenges of radicalism and intolerance in the era of digital globalization. The increasing spread of radical ideologies through social media, along with the growing exclusivist attitudes within Indonesia’s multicultural society, demands an adaptive and applicable ideological approach. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using literature review techniques. The findings indicate that collaboration among state institutions, civil society organizations, and educational institutions is crucial in grounding the values of Pancasila within public and digital spaces. Deradicalization strategies that emphasize ideological education, media literacy, and humanistic approaches have proven more effective in fostering tolerance and preventing the spread of extremist ideologies. This study affirms that Pancasila must continuously be revitalized through cross-sectoral, concrete actions to remain relevant and influential in preserving national unity.