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Urban street art has become a significant visual medium reflecting identity, resistance, and cultural memory within Southeast Asian cities. This study explores how street art in urban environments such as Jakarta, Bangkok, and Manila serves as a visual narrative, embedding local symbolism and identity expression into public space. The objective is to analyze how visual elements in street art communicate social, cultural, and political messages. A qualitative method is employed, utilizing visual semiotics and ethnographic observation to examine selected murals and graffiti. The findings reveal that recurring motifs, such as traditional symbols, mythological figures, and vernacular language, function as tools of cultural assertion and urban storytelling. These visual narratives not only document community histories but also challenge dominant urban narratives, reclaiming marginalized voices. The study highlights the role of street artists as agents of social commentary and urban transformation. Implications suggest that recognizing street art as a form of visual narrative contributes to a broader understanding of cultural identity construction in urban Southeast Asia.

The participation of Muslim families in Indonesia’s capital market remains relatively low despite increasing access to financial instruments. This low level of stock ownership highlights the need to analyze the influencing factors. This study aims to examine the effect of socio-economic factors and religiosity on stock ownership decisions among Muslim families in Indonesia. The data used are panel data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) for the years 2007 and 2014, consisting of 32,074 observations from 16,037 household heads. The independent variables include gender, age, household size, income, education level, marital status, social expenditures, area of residence, employment status, and religiosity. The analysis was conducted using probit regression, supported by likelihood ratio tests, goodness-of-fit measures, and marginal effects analysis. The results show that most socio-economic and religiosity variables significantly influence stock ownership decisions. These findings indicate that the investment behavior of Muslim families is shaped by a combination of structural characteristics and religious values. The implications of this study may serve as a foundation for developing contextual and inclusive financial literacy policies.  

This research aims to examine how the predicted years in school and the unemployment rate influence labor force participation (TPAK) in Aceh Province. Across several cities and communities in Aceh, it employs secondary panel data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS).  Panel regression analysis is done using the Random Effect Model (REM) approach in this study. The results show that TPAK is negatively and substantially affected by the unemployment rate, while the projected years of schooling have no significant statistical impact. TPAK changes are generally only marginally affected by either of these causes. The coefficient of determination reveals that the model explains only 8. 3% of the TPAK swings. Although education and unemployment are components of labor market behavior, other, more important variables are more crucial in influencing labor force participation in Aceh, as these results suggest.

This study investigates how Islamic da’wah can serve as a strategic instrument in strengthening civic engagement within democratic societies. Civic engagement is the active participation of citizens in public life, including policy-making, government oversight, and involvement in solving social problems. It is a crucial element in maintaining a fair and participatory democratic system. In the context of Muslim communities, Islamic da’wah not only aims to convey religious teachings but also seeks to instill universal values such as justice, equality, consultation (shura), empathy, and social responsibility—principles that form the foundation of democratic life. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a library research approach. Data were gathered from secondary sources such as books, academic journals, and relevant articles related to Islamic da’wah, civic engagement, and democracy. This method was chosen to allow for a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the social function of da’wah without conducting field observations or direct interviews. The results of this study show that Islamic da’wah, when practiced contextually and inclusively, can build critical social awareness, encourage public participation, and strengthen constructive social dialogue. Digital da’wah, Islamic value-based social campaigns, and the proactive role of preachers as agents of change become key elements in bridging Islamic teachings with democratic values. Furthermore, participatory da’wah empowers marginalized groups to become more involved in public discourse. Therefore, Islamic da’wah emerges not only as a spiritual medium but also as a cultural force that supports the development of a just, democratic, and civilized civil society.

The National Strategic Projects (PSN) launched by the Indonesian government aim to accelerate development and drive national economic growth. However, in practice, many of these projects overlap with customary territories that lack formal legal certainty. This legal uncertainty gives rise to various problems, such as agrarian conflicts, criminalization of indigenous peoples, and the loss of living space and cultural identity of local communities. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal uncertainty experienced by indigenous peoples in the implementation of PSN and its impact on the protection of their collective rights. Additionally, this study explores the relevance of the principle of legal pluralism as a normative foundation for reforming national development policies to be more inclusive and ensure legal certainty for indigenous peoples. The approach used is normative qualitative with a literature study of regulations, court decisions, and reports from civil society organizations. The results of the analysis show that the legal imbalance between state law and customary law is the root cause of the marginalization of indigenous peoples in large-scale national development projects. The principle of legal pluralism, which recognizes the existence of customary law as a legitimate legal system, can be an alternative approach in formulating future development policies. The application of legal pluralism enables the state to build a development model based on social justice, participation, and respect for legal and cultural diversity. Thus, policy reform based on legal pluralism is an urgent necessity in addressing the challenges of structural justice for indigenous communities amid the tide of national development.

This study aims to reveal the value of struggle in the novel The Darkest Side of Heaven by Brian Khrisna through a sociological literary approach. This novel reflects the lives of lower-class people in Jakarta who live under social, economic, and cultural pressures. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literature study approach. Data are analyzed based on the content of the text that describes the values of the struggle of the characters in the novel. The results of the study show that there are two main values of struggle, namely the value of being willing to sacrifice and the value of never giving up. The value of being willing to sacrifice is reflected in characters such as Sobirin, Juleha, Kuncahyo, and a father who is willing to put aside self-esteem, comfort, and personal needs for the sake of his family. Meanwhile, the value of never giving up is seen from Juleha and Tomi's persistence in facing poverty, as well as Kuncahyo's spirit who continues to work hard even in inhumane conditions. This novel illustrates that the struggle of marginalized people is not only about survival, but also shows strong social values, such as love, sacrifice, solidarity, and optimism. This study confirms that literature functions as a mirror of social reality and a means to foster empathy and social awareness towards the lives of marginalized communities in big cities.

This study examines how colonial power is articulated through the form, spatial layout, and symbolism of Bogor Palace, and how post-independence transformations in function and discourse shape its new identity. As a colonial architectural legacy, Bogor Palace holds historical significance and reflects power dynamics, cultural representation, and spatial acculturation in both colonial and postcolonial contexts. The research highlights the importance of reassessing colonial architecture as a medium for representing power and ideology, especially in buildings that remain national symbols. Using a qualitative approach with literature review and visual analysis, the study applies Michel Foucault’s theory of power and discourse to reveal embedded power structures, and Erwin Panofsky’s iconography and iconology to decode visual symbols and meanings. Findings show that the neoclassical European style of the palace reflects colonial dominance, yet its adaptation through local materials, construction techniques, and climate-responsive elements indicates a complex process of acculturation. Initially marginal, local culture becomes integrated into the building’s design. After independence, the palace was resemanticized from a colonial icon to a national emblem, illustrating a shift in identity and power narratives. Today, restoration efforts not only preserve its historical value but also reaffirm role as a dynamic cultural space shaping Indonesia’s collective memory.

This study aims to analyze the character of Alina Suhita in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis using the Marxist feminist theory approach. The main focus of this study is to reveal how the patriarchal system and social class structure influence the position and experiences of female characters in the novel. The study uses qualitative methods with text-based content analysis techniques and a hermeneutic approach to interpret the meaning contained in the narrative. The results of the analysis show that the character Suhita experiences three main forms of oppression: stereotypes, subordination, and marginalization. These three forms reflect how women in a patriarchal society are negatively constructed, positioned lower than men, and excluded from public spaces and decision-making. However, Suhita also shows resistance to dominant structures through her intelligence, education, and active role in the Islamic boarding school. In the context of Marxist feminism, Suhita is a representation of women who experience double exploitation both as women and as part of a marginalized social class but also have the potential to be agents of change. This study emphasizes that literature can be a medium for understanding power relations in society as well as a tool for criticizing ongoing gender and economic inequality.

This article discusses the development strategy of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDesa) through the optimization of village land in Turi Village, Turi District, Lamongan Regency, as an effort to sustainably increase village income. The potential of village land, including agricultural, fishery, and marginal lands that have not been utilized optimally, serves as the main focus for economic development initiatives. A qualitative approach with case study methodology is employed to explore in-depth the strategies, challenges, and opportunities faced by Turi BUMDesa in managing these assets. The study emphasizes the importance of professional, innovative, and participatory asset management supported by collaboration among stakeholders such as local government, community members, BUMDesa managers, and the private sector. Through identifying unique land potential, market analysis, and developing innovative business models such as agro-tourism, integrated agriculture, and renewable energy, BUMDesa is expected to create productive and sustainable economic activities. The main challenges include low land utilization, limited institutional capacity, and minimal innovation in business management. Therefore, capacity building, innovative business development, and strengthening cooperation are key to the success of this strategy. The development of BUMDesa based on land optimization in Turi Village is expected to enhance local income, strengthen community economic independence, and open new employment opportunities for villagers. Overall, this article emphasizes that proper and innovative asset management is crucial for achieving sustainable village development and improving community welfare evenly.

An advocate is a legal professional who provides legal services both inside and outside the courtroom based on statutory law. During the Dutch colonial era, legal representation by advocates was extremely expensive, making it accessible only to individuals of high social status. At that time, indigenous people, who were generally impoverished, could not afford legal representation. However, this situation has changed with the enactment of Law No. 16 of 2011 on Legal Aid. This law guarantees the constitutional right of every individual to receive free and quality legal assistance, especially for underprivileged communities, through Legal Aid Posts (Posbakum). Advocates working at Posbakum help marginalized individuals understand their rights, provide legal consultations, and prepare essential legal documents.

This literature review analyzes the transformative potential of digital learning media in revitalizing Indonesian traditional music, with a particular focus on Gambang Kromong innovation within the framework of Society 5.0. Traditional music, as the foundation of cultural identity, faces significant threats from globalization and modernization, resulting in declining interest, especially among the younger generation. This approach examines how digital technologies can serve as a catalyst for the preservation, learning and dissemination of traditional music, transforming it from a marginalized status to one of contemporary relevance. The report synthesizes existing literature to identify key trends, benefits derived from the use of technologies such as Digital Audio Workstations (DAWs), Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), gamification, and online and social media platforms. In addition, the report discusses inherent challenges, including the digital divide, the need for increased educator competencies, and intellectual property rights issues, while highlighting opportunities for collaboration and global audience reach. The conceptualization of "Gambang Kromong 5.0" is proposed as a holistic model that integrates traditional essence with intelligent technological advancements in a human-centric manner, ensuring cultural survival and artistic relevance in the digital age.

In this study, a women's empowerment program for fisherwomen in Domas Village, Serang Regency, was used to investigate the impact of village fund management on improving the welfare of coastal communities. This research stems from an awareness of the importance of villages in realizing sustainable development that relies on local potential, especially in vulnerable and marginalized coastal areas. To improve community welfare, including that of women who have been less involved in village development processes, effective, efficient, transparent, and accountable management of village funds is crucial. The research method employed was qualitative, with data collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentary studies. The research results show that the management of village funds in Domas Village has brought many benefits, such as the establishment of BUMDes shrimp farms and catering services, which can create jobs and increase local revenue. However, women's participation in village programs is still limited to certain industries such as beauty services and seafood processing. To achieve optimal women's empowerment, key barriers include limited human resources, limited access to capital, and the lack of integration of women's SMEs into the village funding structure. The results indicate that an inclusive and locally-driven approach to village fund management can enhance community well-being more equitably and drive sustainable socio-economic transformation.

In the digital era like today, traditional games such as forts and gobak sodor are increasingly marginalized, even though these two games have great potential in supporting the motor and social development of elementary school children. This literature study aims to analyze the role of these two games in honing students' gross motor skills through running, jumping, and coordination activities, as well as social skills such as cooperation, communication, and sportsmanship. This research method uses a literature study with several stages, namely the data collection stage, the classification stage, the analysis stage, the synthesis stage, and the interpretation stage of relevant sources. The results of the study indicate that forts and gobak sodor are effective in training children's gross motor skills through dynamic movements such as running and dodging, while developing children's social values ​​through team interaction and collaborative strategies. Integration of traditional games in Physical Education learning in elementary schools can be a holistic strategy to improve students' physical and character development. The suggestion for educators is to modify these games so that they remain relevant to the current context without eliminating their educational value.

In the digital era, social media platforms like Instagram have become critical arenas for public discourse, especially in political communication. This study investigates public sentiment and expressive speech acts in Instagram comments responding to two of President Prabowo’s key policy announcements: the Free Nutritious Meal Program and the policy of direct bank transfers for regional ASN teacher allowances. Guided by Searle’s theory of speech acts, particularly expressive acts such as thanking, complementing, congratulating, deploring, condoling, apologizing, and welcoming, the study analyzes 60 purposively selected comments, 30 for each policy. The findings show that deploring dominates the discourse, with 67% in the meal program post and 73% in the ASN allowance post, indicating prevailing negative sentiment marked by criticism, disappointment, and frustration. Positive speech acts such as complimenting and thanking were present but marginal. These results highlight the importance of transparent policy implementation and the need for improved public communication strategies to address citizen concerns more effectively on digital platforms.  

This study examines the poem Sajak Sebatang Lisong by W.S. Rendra through a postcolonial lens, focusing on the underlying social criticism embedded within the text. The poem reflects the persistent social inequalities that continue to affect Indonesian society in the post-independence era, particularly in the realms of education and the marginalization of impoverished children. Through symbols such as the cigarette (lisong), wealthy elites (cukong), and the imagery of an endless road, the poem highlights the lingering presence of colonial structures within contemporary social and educational systems. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the study utilizes textual analysis and socio-cultural context as primary analytical tools. The findings reveal that political independence has not been fully accompanied by social justice. Structural oppression and limited opportunities continue to hinder the younger generation in their pursuit of a better future. As such, the poem serves as a powerful literary critique of neocolonial practices and ongoing social alienation. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how literature can reflect colonial legacies and the socio-political dynamics of post-independence Indonesia, while also enriching the discourse in postcolonial literary studies.  

This research aims to examine the role of the Constitutional Court (MK) in protecting and guaranteeing the right to education as part of human rights and the constitutional rights of Indonesian citizens.Education enshrined in Article 31 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia is a fundamental right of every citizen that must be fulfilled by the state without discrimination.However, in its implementation, there are still gaps in access and violations of constitutional rights, especially for vulnerable groups and communities in marginalized areas. This research raises two main issues: (1) the gap in access and quality of education experienced by vulnerable groups and how the Constitutional Court protects those rights; and (2) violations of constitutional rights in the field of education.

This study explores the Islamic perspective on Human Rights (HR) through a qualitative approach based on literature review. It emphasizes that the principles of human rights are not foreign to Islamic teachings, but are inherently embedded in the values of Sharia derived from the Qur'an and Hadith. Islam upholds justice, freedom of religion, equality, the right to life, and social and economic welfare. The article also examines contemporary challenges faced by Muslim societies in implementing human rights, such as gender inequality, restrictions on religious freedom, and the marginalization of vulnerable groups, including the LGBT community. The findings reveal that the tensions between Islamic principles and international human rights standards often stem from differing normative foundations and interpretations of individual freedom. Therefore, a contextual reinterpretation (ijtihad) is necessary to ensure that Islamic values remain relevant and responsive to modern global challenges. The study concludes that, when applied wisely and aligned with universal humanitarian values, Islamic teachings hold significant potential to contribute to the development of a just, inclusive, and dignified society.

Economic globalization has profoundly reshaped the legal and social structures of indigenous communities, often intensifying conflicts between state law and indigenous law. These conflicts stem from divergent legal norms and the marginalization of indigenous rights within national development agendas. This study investigates the interaction between state law and indigenous law, with particular attention to the impact of globalization and its implications for indigenous rights. Employing a qualitative socio-legal approach, the research utilizes a case study of a specific indigenous community, supported by interviews with indigenous leaders and policymakers, as well as analysis of national and international legal documents. The interpretative method highlights the meaning embedded in legal interactions and the lived experiences of indigenous communities. Findings reveal persistent tensions between state law and indigenous traditions, yet demonstrate that legal pluralism provides a constructive framework for reconciliation. Recognition of indigenous law contributes to social justice and underscores the need for inclusive development policies that promote economic fairness. The study concludes that national legal reforms are essential to strengthen the integration of indigenous law into formal structures, thereby advancing a more equitable and culturally responsive legal system.

This study examines the universal concept of human rights as fundamental to all individuals. Human rights reflect dignity, equality, autonomy, and legal protection, and must be ensured by the state. Although broadly accepted, continuous education and public awareness—especially for marginalized groups—remain essential. In Gorontalo Province, the Ministry of Law and Human Rights’ Regional Office plays a pivotal role in responding to alleged human rights violations through its Community Communication Services Program, as regulated by Ministerial Regulation No. 23 of 2022. Using an empirical legal approach, the study gathers data through literature reviews, legal documents, and interviews with relevant stakeholders. Findings show that the Regional Office serves as a key constitutional institution promoting access to justice and upholding legal protections. Its activities include handling public complaints, forming investigative teams, and coordinating with law enforcement and legal aid bodies. Legal aid—both state-sponsored (pro deo) and volunteer-based (pro bono)—emerges as a crucial tool for promoting justice, especially for the underprivileged. The structured complaint mechanism under Ministerial Regulation No. 23 of 2022 strengthens the state’s role in ensuring equality before the law and fulfilling its constitutional obligations to protect human dignity and human rights.

From past to present, masculinity has continuously shaped how men are expected to behave in society, especially in adolescence. The television series Adolescence highlights these expectations by portraying different male characters in their daily interactions, reflecting how masculinity operates in real life. This study aims to explore the types of masculinity displayed in the series based on R.W. Connell’s theory (2005), which classifies masculinity into hegemonic, complicit, subordinate, and marginalized types. The research applies a qualitative descriptive method to examine social realities through selected dialogues and scenes. The findings reveal that hegemonic masculinity (64%) is the most frequently represented form, where dominance, toughness, and emotional restraint are highlighted as masculine ideals. Subordinate masculinity (27%) follows, showing that expressions such as emotional openness or queerness are still viewed as less masculine. Marginalized masculinity (9%) appears in contexts involving race and class, while complicit masculinity (5%) is rarely shown, suggesting that most characters either fully embody or struggle against dominant norms. The data shows how the media continues to uphold hegemonic masculinity while only subtly acknowledging its alternatives, offering insight into the gender dynamics experienced by teenage boys today.