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important. Based on James 1:2-3, this paper explores Christian expectations and the role of perseverance in shaping spiritual character. The background of this study arises from the importance of understanding perseverance as a response to trials faced by individuals of faith. The purpose of this study is to investigate how perseverance in faith is formed and developed through challenges, as well as its impact on Christian hope. This research used a qualitative method with a literature study approach. Data was collected from library sources, including books of biblical interpretation and relevant theological articles. The results showed that perseverance is not just a passive attitude but an active process that deepens faith and hope. The discussion focused on the role of trials as a tool used by God to strengthen the faith of believers, as described in James 1:2-3. Trials are seen as a way to sharpen perseverance, which then leads to spiritual maturity and strong hope. This study affirms the importance of seeing trials as an essential part of the Christian faith journey that ends in eternal hope.

In the era of globalization, technology increases efficiency in various human activities, including plant cultivation. Chili plants require special care, especially in meeting water needs according to ideal soil moisture, which is 30% -50% for chili. Conventional monitoring methods are inefficient because they require a lot of time and energy. A new breakthrough is needed to continuously monitor temperature, air humidity, and soil moisture. The designed tool will be placed in Cipadung Village to monitor soil moisture in chili plants, which require soil moisture that is not too high. This tool facilitates monitoring through the application, allowing automatic and manual watering. Soil moisture stability is also important for tomatoes, so watering can be regulated through the application display. This tool is useful for monitoring soil moisture levels effectively, supporting plant care with stable soil moisture needs, and facilitating the watering process through the application.

This article examines the theme "Between Worldly Lust and Closeness to God" through an analysis of James 4:1-10 in a contemporary context. The main focus of this article is to explore the conflict between worldly desires and the call to live in humility before God. Through text exgestion, it is found that disputes and dissatisfaction often arise from unsatisfied desires. James emphasizes the importance of self-surrender and humility as a way to draw closer to God, and warns us of the dangers of "friendship with the world" which can alienate us from deep spiritual connection. This article also highlights the relevance of James' teachings in facing the challenges of modern life, where individuals are often trapped in a cycle of ambition and busyness. By applying the principles of humility, repentance, and concrete action, individuals can find deeper meaning and purpose. As a suggestion, it is important for readers to do self-reflection and get involved in a community that supports the spiritual journey. The conclusion of this study is that although worldly challenges are very real, there is a path to achieving closeness to God through awareness and commitment in everyday life.    

SYAHZA FADMA ARAFAH, D, NIM.19317001060.       Penerapan Model Time Token Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Ringkasan Buku Nonfiksi Dengan Judul “Tindak Kekerasan Siswa di Sekolah” Oleh Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Lawe Bulan Tahun Pembelajaran 2022/2023. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Penerapan Model Time Token Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Ringkasan Buku Nonfiksi Dengan Judul “Tindak Kekerasan Siswa di Sekolah” Oleh Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Lawe Bulan Tahun Pembelajaran 2022/2023. Adapun yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI yang berjumlah 18 orang dan sampel berjumlah 18 orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest and postest design dengan analisis data menggunakan uji “t”. Dari pengelolahan data di peroleh nilai rata-rata tes awal kemampuan menulis ringkasan buku nonfiksi oleh siswa sebesar 66,67 dan termasuk dalam kategori kurang, dengan standar deviasinya sebesar 3,59 dan mengalami peningkatan nilai hasil tes akhirnya dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 79,17 dan termasuk dalam kategori baik, dengan standard deviasinya sebesar 2,57. Berdasarkan hasil nilai tes awal dan tes akhir siswa tersebut dan jika di kaitkan dengan nilai KKM mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia untuk SMA sebesar 75 maka kemampuan menulis ringkasan buku nonfiksi siswa termasuk dalam kategori baik. Dari pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai t hitung = 17,12 dan di konsultasikan dengan nilai  pada taraf signifikan 5% = 2,110 dengan demikian > atau 17,12> 2,110 maka hipotesis di terima. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada Penerapan Model Time Token Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Ringkasan Buku Nonfiksi Dengan Judul “Tindak Kekerasan Siswa di Sekolah” Oleh Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Lawe Bulan Tahun Pembelajaran 2022/2023.

RAJUANSAH. 18317001042. Pemerolehan Kosa Kata Kedua Pada Anak Usia 5 Tahun Di Tk Al – Syifa Dengan  Menggunakan Media  Gambar. Masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana gambaran pemerolehan Kosa kata pada Anak Usia 5 tahun di Tk Al - Syifa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengetahui gambaran Pemerolehan  Kosa kata pada Anak Usia 5 tahun di Tk Al – Syifa : Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah  peserta didik di Tk  Al – Syifa  tahun ajaran 2023 dengan jumlah 13 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar Observasi. Beberapa perbedaan kosa kata yang sering digunakan anak-anak usia 5 tahun di TK. Al-Syifa yaitu kata benda. Kata benda yang di paparkan kepada anak-anak sebanyak 30 gambar. Persentase menjawab benar sebanyak 46% yang terjawab dengan tepat oleh anak anak. Kata kerja sebanyak 15 gambar dan persentase yang terjawab ada 18%. Kata sifat sebanyak 15 gambar dan persentase yang terjawab 6,5%. Kata ganti sebanyak 10 gambar yang dan persentase yang menjawab 2,4%. Kata bilangan sebanyak 20 gambar dan persentase yang terjawab 20%. Kata keterangan sebanyak 5 gambar dan persentase yang terjawab 2,6%, dan kata tugas sebanyak 5 gambar, persentase yang menjawab 2,4%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa gambaran Pemerolehan Kosa kata Pada Anak Usia 5 Tahun di Tk Al - Syifa sudah meningkat dengan adanya bantuan media gambar serta alat penunjang lainnya.

ASHIFA DILO.19317001068. Penggunaan Strategi Pakem Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Teks Debat Oleh Siswa Kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Kutacane Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Penggunaan Strategi Pakem Terhadap Kemampuan Debat Oleh Siswa Kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Kutacane Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024. Adapun yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X yang berjumlah 34 orang dan sampel berjumlah 25 orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest and postest design dengan analisis data menggunakan uji “t”. Hal ini terbukti dari nilai rata-rata tes awal oleh siswa = 62,20 dengan standar deviasinya =  2,48  dan mengalami peningkatan nilai hasil tes akhirnya dengan nilai rata-ratanya = 77,40 dengan standar deviasinya = 2,50,. Berdasarkan data hasil tes awal dan tes akhir siswa tersebut dan jika dikaitkan dengan nilai KKM mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia untuk SMK = 75. Maka kemampuan debat untuk tes akhir siswa termasuk dalam kategori baik.Selain tu, nilai t hitung > t tabel atau 33,43>2,064 dengan demikian dari hasil pengujian hipotesis di atas diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa ada penggunaan strategi pakem terhadap kemampuan debat oleh siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Kutacane Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran Fortune Number Terhadap Kemampuan Siswa Menyusun Teks Negosiasi Oleh Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 3 Kutacane Tahun Pembelajaran 2022/2023. Adapun yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X yang berjumlah 75 orang dan sampel berjumlah 18 orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest and postest design dengan analisis data menggunakan uji “t”. Dari pengelolahan data di peroleh nilai rata-rata tes awal kemampuan Menyusun Teks Negosiasi oleh siswa sebesar 54,44 dan termasuk dalam kategori kurang, dengan standar deviasinya sebesar 4,50 dan mengalami peningkatan nilai hasil tes akhirnya dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 83,33 dan termasuk dalam kategori baik, dengan standard deviasinya sebesar 3,43 Berdasarkan hasil nilai tes awal dan tes akhir siswa tersebut dan jika di kaitkan dengan nilai KKM mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia untuk SMA sebesar 75 maka kemampuan menyusun teks negosiasi siswa termasuk dalam kategori baik. Dari pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai t hitung = 18,30 dan di konsultasikan dengan nilai  pada taraf signifikan 5% = 2,110 dengan demikian > atau 18,30> 2,110 maka hipotesis di terima. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada efektifitas media pembelajaran fortune number terhadap kemampuan siswa menyusun teks negosiasi oleh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 3 Kutacane Tahun Pembelajaran 2022/2023.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Kemampuan Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Fabel Melalui Media Video Animasi “Buaya dan Kancil” oleh Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Kutacane Tahun Pembelajaran 2022/2023. Adapun yang menjadi populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas VII yang berjumlah 69 orang dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII 1 yang berjumlah 25 orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan rancangan onegroup, tes serta rancang uji analisis dengan menentukan nilai rata-rata, standar deviasi, standar error, modus dan median. Dari pengolahan data diperoleh nilai rata-rata tes pembelajaran Kemampuan Menulis Teks Fabel oleh Siswa Klas VII SMP Negeri 4 Kutacane Tahun Pembelajaran 2022/2023 sebesar 76,8 dan termasuk dalam kategori baik, dengan standar deviasi sebesar 5,76, dengan standar error sebesar 0,49, modus dari penelitian ini adalah 75, yaitu 16 orang siswa yang mendapatkan nilai 75, dan median dari penelitian ini adalah pada urutan 13 yaitu 75. Berdasarkan hasil nilai tes siswa tersebut dan jika dikaitkan dengan nilai KKM Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia untuk SMP Negeri 4 Kutacane sebesar 65. Maka pembelajaran Kemampuan Menulis Teks Fabel oleh Siswa termasuk dalam kategori baik. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ada Kemampuan Siswa Menulis Teks Fabel Melalui Media Video “ Animasi Buaya dan Kancil” oleh Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Kutacane Tahun Pembelajaran 2022/2023.

This article examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on human rights, focusing on issues such as discrimination, transparency, and accountability. The research analyzes AI applications in areas like law enforcement, employment, and social media, evaluating how AI can both enhance and threaten human rights. The study calls for the development of AI regulations that uphold human rights principles and prevent misuse.

Generation Z is the generation born between 1997 – 2012, who in 2023 will be 11 – 26 years old (Beresford Research). Some of Generation Z in 2024 will be teenagers. During this time, teenagers often face difficult times in finding their identity. Especially in generation Z, who were born in the midst of very rapid developments, especially in the internet era, which requires teenagers to be able to master it well. Along with the positive impacts that occur, negative impacts also affect teenagers today. The challenges and challenges faced by teenagers can have a negative impact on their future success. Therefore, there is a need for mentors around them to direct them. Faith is the basis that generation Z must have to be able to adapt in the search for identity and compete in a very rapid era of development. In this way, the Church plays a very important role in building the growth of faith of generation Z. This faith growth research was carried out at the JKI Mahanaim Church in Blitar City, East Java in order to increase the growth of faith of generation Z in the internet era in Blitar City and form a new concept in the world of pastoral ministries. This research uses a literature study method with a qualitative and descriptive approach. Researchers used James W Fowler's theory of faith growth to determine indicators of Generation Z experiencing faith growth. From the results of this research, it is hoped that Church Leaders and Mentors will pay special attention to the growth of faith and ways to build the faith of Generation Z.

The purpose of this article is to examine the current issues and difficulties that Nigeria's four main transportation modes are facing. The data utilized in this research were gathered by field observations, oral interviews, and a thorough literature search of books, journals, and pertinent government documents. After discussing the difficulties and issues affecting each mode's ability to continue contributing to the nation's economic development, the historical evolution of each mode and its historical role in that development are provided. The main effects of driving being preferred over other modes of transportation are the environmental issues associated with driving and the high rate of traffic accidents on Nigerian roads. There are numerous inland waterways of capacity that is underutilized as a result of the antiquated railway system. Despite being widely utilized, the airways still require significant development and refinement. In order for these modes to continue contributing to Nigeria's economic development, the study offered viable solutions to these issues and obstacles.  

The tradition that has been carried out every year and is believed by the people of Gedongombo Village, Semanding District, Tuban Regency is an activity that cannot be abandoned by the local community. The traditions and habits that are often carried out are the characteristics of the Tuban area. The tradition of nyekar or pilgrimage to the tomb of Mbah Putri Ayu who is the ancestor of the local hamlet is one form of gratitude and respect for the ancestors who have had a great influence on the Wire Hamlet. Mbah Putri Ayu is a descendant of the King of Tuban who was very famous at that time. She has a very beautiful face, is smart and dignified. The focus of the discussion in this study is how the origins, procedures, and ubarampe and the meaning of the ubarampe. This study uses the theory of half-literate folklore from James Danandjaja. The research design uses a qualitative descriptive method to provide a detailed explanation. The data sources used are primary and secondary data, oral data and non-verbal data. The results of the research on the Nyekar Tradition at Pundhen Mbah Putri Ayu in Wire Village, Semanding District, Tuban Regency are related to culture. The traditional activities are supported by local residents ranging from young people to old people.

Improving the quality of life of the community is the goal of Village Fund Allocation (ADD). Improving the quality of life or improving community welfare, especially in villages, requires training and strengthening community capacity. This is the main pillar in planning and managing Village Fund Allocation (ADD) in Skouw Mabo Village. This research was conducted to determine the planning and management of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) in Skouw Mabo Village and what community empowerment activities use Village Fund Allocation (ADD). The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach and using comparative analysis techniques. The results of this research are the planning and management of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) in Skouw Mabo Village in terms of financial administration, the stages have been implemented in accordance with regulations, but in the planning process it is necessary to pay attention and consider priority activities in the village based on local potential so that activities and budget allocation also according to the needs of the activity. Then, in implementing community empowerment activities, the use of funds has been fully realized based on the number of activities and the size of the budget. However, village governments need to pay attention to activities and allocation of financial resources that are more in line with their budgeting priorities, in order to achieve optimal results, namely making the community prosperous and independent.    

When viewed from a cultural perspective, the tourism industry indirectly plays an important role in the development of regional culture. Local wisdom is the potential of a culture that can be developed by the community so that the authenticity of that culture is maintained. It is hoped that the development of a tourism area based on local wisdom will have a positive impact on the people of Asey Besar Village. This research aims to determine the potential of a local wisdom-based tourism area in Asey Besar Village. To find out about the development of a tourism area based on local wisdom in Asey Besar Village, Jayapura Regency. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method. Based on the research results, it was found that the potential for developing a tourism area based on local wisdom in Asey Besar Village is planned as a strategic area for traditional villages with known resources in the form of natural beauty, and has a landscape character with flora and fauna habitat, clear waters, topography, type of vegetation. Planning for regional development as a tourism area with local wisdom is carried out by increasing and developing investment in the social and cultural spatial structure of regional communities in Asey Besar Village. For the Government and Community, efforts must be made to preserve the potential of local wisdom in Asey Besar Village  which supports tourism by the government and community as those responsible for protecting and maintaining local wisdom while maintaining culture as a characteristic of the tribal community of Asey Besar Village.

This study aims to describe the actant in The Maze Runner novel based on the scheme of the actant, and the structure of the story. Methods of data collection is done by reading notes technique. This study uses content analysis because it prioritizes the depth of appreciation of the interactions between concepts that are being studied empirically. The results of the research show that there are three acts which are divided into three chapters in this novel. The actant and functional structures in The Maze Runner novel are complex and have fulfilled all stages. This novel can be used as literature learning material, especially novels.    

In the ever-changing digital world, strong security protocols are essential. As a vital line of defence against unwanted access, blockchain uses several verification techniques to boost security. This article investigates the use of blockchain technology to tackle privacy, security, and usability issues. By reducing the dangers associated with conventional centralised systems, blockchain's decentralised and immutable structure offers a secure platform for storing and verifying authentication credentials. This method increases user trust by using smart contracts to guarantee transparent and unchangeable authentication procedures. The suggested blockchain-based method strengthens security and enhances privacy by removing sources of failure and decreasing dependence on outside verification. Furthermore, user-centric design and expedited procedures improve the system's usability by making secure authentication more approachable and less obtrusive. This paper offers a thorough examination of the suggested system, stressing its benefits, possible drawbacks, and directions for future investigation. The results indicate that blockchain technology presents a viable solution to ensure that digital authentication frameworks combine privacy, security, and usability.

Entrepreneurship is strongly being touted as the way out of underdevelopment in low income countries. Joblessness, poverty and social instability are some of the main issues that have haunted least developed countries since the end of colonialism, however, political independence without economic freedom is not freedom at all. There are fears that nations may fail due to underdevelopment and high levels of unemployment. Studies have been conducted elsewhere and in Malawi too about how the SMEs sector has been performing over the years and results show that the performance has not been encouraging at all. Nevertheless, the search still is on regarding how best developing countries in general and Malawi in particular can utilise the models such entrepreneurial ecosystems that are working well in developed economies to try to change the local fortunes. The findings of the studies done locally compared to those done in developed economies have shown that Malawi is not doing well at all more especially policy wise. The Government is supporting MSMEs wholesale without properly scrutinizing the business that are high growth oriented because it lacks such a policy. The study based on literature review hence recommends appropriate steps that can address the lack of positive dividends from the funds that are being invested in these underachieving MSMEs.

Jaranan Gembong Bawono art is a traditional art that developed in Asahan Regency, North Sumatra. The Javanese tribe, which makes up the majority of the population in this district, influences the existence and occurrence of artistic activities. The times have influenced the existence of this traditional art in the Asahan Regency area. Jaranan art is a traditional art that always maintains ancestral values ​​and its main function. To maintain the existence of jaranan art, the Gembong Bawono Association made a change which ensures that this art still exists. This research aims to describe the existence of Jaranan Gembong Bawono art in Kisaran Timur District, Asahan Regency. The approach used in this paper is the existential approach. Soren Kierkagaard divides human existence into three levels, each of which has distinctive characteristics, namely aesthetic existence, (2) ethical existence, (3) religious existence. To deepen the existence of jaranan art, the concept of sociological theory was borrowed. Data collection used interviews, observation and documentation by analyzing the existence of the Gembong Bawono jaranan in Kisaran Timur District, Asahan Regency using descriptive methods, which is qualitative research. The research uses ethnographic methods from James P. Spradley's book. Ethnography consists of research techniques, ethnographic theory, and various kinds of describing culture. With this research, we can find out the existence of Jaranan Gembong Bawono among the people of Kisaran Timur District, Asahan Regency. Then so that it can be transmitted in written form by the next generation. The form of dance movements in this art is dynamic and strong, with the prominent addition of accompaniment which is very influential on the dance. These two components are processed into a unified whole.

The phenomenon of bullying in teenagers is a problem that disrupts growth both cognitively, mentally and psychologically. This must be taken seriously considering the impact and risks for teenagers which are very detrimental to both teenagers as victims and as perpetrators and their influence on the civilization of social life. So we need action that can prevent this bullying. Therefore, this research study provides bullying education for teenagers based on the reflection of James 4:11. The method for writing this study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review method, and collects data through books, journal articles and internet websites as a basis for writing and drawing conclusions. The results of this study are that parents, teachers and other community members can take steps through collaboration that can create a safe and supportive environment for all young people, especially teenagers who need assistance in undergoing their development phase. Appropriate actions in supporting teenagers so that they can recognize God, in imitating God's attitude and character, and His direction, and grow in the good and right way in God's hands so that inappropriate and good behavior, attitudes and character are carried out Adolescence can be reduced by forming an awareness of viewing others as social creatures whose existence is respected and valued.

Faith is both personal and relational. This research focuses on how faith can be actualized in action in the context of pluralism and poverty in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative-descriptive method that focuses on 6th grade students from three Kanisius elementary schools in Yogyakarta. From this study, it was found that students, through the values of kindness they have from family, school, religion and the environment, try to actualize in the form of sharing actions, especially in Aksi Puasa Pembangunan (APP). The implications of the act of sharing carried out by students are a means of building bridges between differences as well as instilling solidarity to those in need.