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The conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land continues to increase along with the pressures of urbanization, industrialization, and settlement expansion. This condition poses risks to food security, environmental sustainability, and farmer welfare. This article reviews literature based on 25 abstracts/research results on LP2B in Indonesia to map policy implementation patterns, the relationship between LP2B and regional spatial planning, inhibiting factors, and the direction of policy strengthening. The method used is a narrative review with thematic synthesis of normative legal studies, juridical-empirical, qualitative, mixed methods, and spatial-quantitative approaches. The results of the review indicate: (1) LP2B is highly dependent on the harmonization of spatial planning policies, especially RTRW/RDTR and licensing mechanisms based on KKPR-OSS; (2) many regions are still stuck at the land inventory-identification stage, not yet reaching the determination and operational protection through LP2B Regional Regulations; (3) dominant obstacles include regulatory asynchronous, weak law enforcement, minimal cross-agency coordination, limited data by name by address, suboptimal socialization, and conflicts of interest in non-agricultural development; (4) incentive-disincentive instruments have not been implemented consistently, although socially farmers tend to accept LP2B protection; and (5) quantitative evidence at the national level shows that LP2B policies have a positive effect on the percentage of rice fields, despite being suppressed by population density and real estate sector growth. This article emphasizes the need for an integrated spatial governance approach, strengthening regional institutions, and designing policies that are socially and environmentally just to ensure that LP2B is effective in maintaining regional food security.

This study aims to determine the leadership strategies of school principals in improving the performance and discipline of teachers at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafiiyah Hadirul Ulum Tasikrejo Pemalang, Central Java, as well as to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors when these leadership strategies are implemented. This study uses field research with a descriptive approach. The data collected was verbal data or words rather than numbers. The location of this research was at MI Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Hadirul Ulum Tasikrejo, Pemalang Regency. The informants in this study were the principal and classroom teachers. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study found by the researcher regarding the principal's strategy in improving teacher performance and discipline at MI Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Hadirul Ulum Tasikrejo, Pemalang Regency, are as follows: (a) conducting supervision (b) setting an example (c) motivating teaching staff (d) providing adequate facilities and infrastructure (e) providing opportunities to attend training or education (f) conducting evaluations. Meanwhile, the supporting and inhibiting factors are divided into several parts. First, there are two supporting factors, namely (a) a sense of togetherness and kinship within the school environment, and (b) the principal's commitment to improving school quality. Meanwhile, there are two inhibiting factors, namely (a) the suboptimal time management of teachers and (b) the work environment. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the principal's leadership strategy plays a very important role in improving the performance and discipline of teachers at MI Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Hadirul Ulum Tasikrejo, Pemalang Regency. The implementation of appropriate strategies, supported by a sense of togetherness and the principal's commitment, can have a positive impact on teacher professionalism. However, there are still several inhibiting factors that need attention so that the implementation of leadership strategies can run more optimally.

Character education faces significant challenges due to digital disruption and globalization that trigger moral degradation in adolescents. In Purwakarta Regency, the "7 Poe Atikan" policy through Regent Regulation No. 69 of 2015 was implemented as a transformative solution based on local wisdom. This study aims to analyze the implementation mechanism, the character values ​​formed, and the supporting and inhibiting factors of the "7 Poe Atikan" program for students of SMPN 1 Maniis. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive literature method. Data are sourced from official documents, educational reports, and related scientific articles over the past seven years. The analysis shows that the implementation of "7 Poe Atikan" in Maniis District effectively internalizes the values ​​of nationalism and love of culture through concrete practices such as the use of Basa Indung (mother language) and traditional clothing. However, significant challenges were found in the Betah di Imah aspect which indicates the still weak synergy between schools and parents. The implementation of "7 Poe Atikan" at SMPN 1 Maniis has successfully created an educational ecosystem that adapts to local wisdom, although strengthening collaboration with the family environment remains a priority for the sustainability of students' holistic character.

This study aims to analyze the stages, impacts, and supporting and inhibiting factors of social intervention for child victims of sexual violence at the “Handayani” Center, East Jakarta. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach to obtain an in-depth understanding of the intervention process. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the “Handayani” Center applies the Generalist Intervention Model (GIM) through seven stages: engagement, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, termination, and follow-up. The social intervention has a positive impact on children, particularly in improving emotional stability, self-confidence, and social functioning. Furthermore, the intervention supports children’s readiness for social reintegration. Supporting factors include the professionalism of social workers and effective team collaboration, while inhibiting factors consist of high workload, delays in administrative reporting, and limited family support.  

Amaliyah tadris or teaching practice is an activity in the form of teaching practice carried out by someone in a guided manner to acquire skills in giving lessons and taken within a certain time as one of the requirements for fulfilling the program. Amaliyah tadris is an important program that is taught to students to improve student competence in order to become professional teachers, and as a provision to prepare for the delivery of their knowledge to students or the public, especially in terms of education. Based on the problems above, this study has 3 objectives related to the research focus of the Implementation of the Amaliyah Tadris Program to Improve Student Competence in Teaching Class XI at MAN 5 Jombang. The research objectives are 1) to describe and explain the implementation of the amaliyah tadris program at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 5 Jombang. 2) To describe and explain efforts to improve student competence in teaching at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 5 Jombang. 3) To describe and explain the supporting and inhibiting factors for implementing the amaliyah tadris program to improve student competence in teaching Class XI at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 5 Jombang. The type of research used in this research is field research. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection was carried out using interviews, observation techniques, and documentation. Informants in this study consisted of Deputy Head of Student Affairs, Head of the Amaliyah Tadris Program, Madrasah Teachers where the Amaliyah Tadris program was implemented, Students. The data collected for observation and interviews were analyzed using data source triangulation analysis techniques. Based on the results of the study it was found that: Micro teaching at MAN 5 Jombang is packaged in the form of the Amaliyah Tadris program or teaching practice. For this program conceptualized by group division. Each group consists of 8 members and is placed in 18 TPQ Institutions. Placement at the TPQ institution also has conditions with a distance of 5-7 km from MAN 5 Jombang.  

This study examines the dynamics of public service delivery at the Office of Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises, and Trade in Tegal Regency, focusing on its role in supporting local economic development. The background of this research is rooted in the increasing demand for effective, transparent, and responsive public services, particularly for cooperatives, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), and the trade sector, which are key drivers of regional economic growth. The objective of this study is to analyze the quality and dynamics of services provided by the office, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and assess their implications for service improvement. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, using data collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving government officials and service users. The findings indicate that service delivery has shown positive developments through procedural improvements and service innovations; however, challenges remain in terms of human resource capacity, infrastructure limitations, and coordination mechanisms. These dynamics significantly influence the effectiveness of policy implementation and stakeholder satisfaction. The study implies that strengthening institutional capacity, enhancing digital-based services, and improving service professionalism are essential to achieving more optimal public service performance. The results of this research are expected to contribute to policy evaluation and serve as a reference for improving public service management in local government institutions, particularly in the cooperative, MSME, and trade sectors.

Floods and landslides in Hutanabolon Village, Tukka District, Central Tapanuli Regency have disrupted access to food and health services, particularly for vulnerable groups such as children. Public kitchens, as the frontline of emergency nutrition response, face challenges in providing food that meets the specific nutritional needs of children. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of public kitchens at Disaster Emergency Response Posts (TDB) in meeting the nutritional needs of post-disaster children, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and formulate recommendations for improving the public kitchen management system. The research employed a descriptive evaluative approach using survey methods, structured interviews, direct observation, 24-hour dietary recall, and anthropometric measurements (weight and height). The study subjects included 15 children aged 1–12 years and 8 public kitchen managers selected purposively. Data were analyzed descriptively by comparing nutritional intake against the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) standards and analyzing kitchen management practices based on emergency nutrition guidelines. The findings revealed that children's average energy intake was only 1,140 kcal/day (below the minimum standard of 1,200–2,000 kcal/day) and protein intake was 18.7 g/day (below the standard of 20–35 g/day). A total of 33.3% of children were classified as having malnutrition to severe malnutrition based on weight-for-age indicators. Public kitchen management showed weaknesses in menu planning (100% had no child-specific menu), managers' nutritional knowledge (62.5% categorized as low), food availability (75% relied on instant aid without variation), and limited cross-sectoral coordination (50%). The effectiveness of public kitchens in meeting children's nutritional needs after disasters remains low.

The moral crisis and the decline in students' social awareness encourage education to focus not only on academics but also on character development. The internalization of social education values is important for fostering empathy, responsibility, and social sensitivity. At SMPN 1 Kunjang, undisciplined behavior and low levels of social concern indicate the need for a more effective internalization strategy. This study aims to explore the process of internalizing social education values and the supporting and inhibiting factors among seventh-grade students at SMPN 1 Kunjang. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with the research location at SMPN 1 Kunjang. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the internalization of social education values at SMPN 1 Kunjang is carried out through habituation, role modeling, school rules, and routine activities that cultivate students' empathy and responsibility. Supporting factors include teacher role modeling, routine school programs, and a culture of discipline. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include weak family roles, negative peer influence, and lack of discipline.

Migrant workers are vulnerable to exploitation due to transnational and well-organized global human trafficking networks. Recently, a new modus operandi has emerged in human trafficking cases, namely recruitment under the pretext of employment in the overseas digital industry, promoted through social media and LinkedIn. Although these offers appear promising, they instead entrap migrant workers in trafficking schemes. Therefore, comprehensive case assistance involving the roles of government institutions and non-governmental organizations is urgently needed to protect victims. This study aims to examine the case assistance provided by Migrant CARE in addressing human trafficking cases in which victims are trapped as online scammers, viewed from a social welfare perspective. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that the social interventions carried out by Migrant CARE are effective from the engagement stage through the follow-up stage. Supporting factors in the success of case assistance include proactive involvement from the government, victims, families, and the media. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include the absence of personal documents such as passports, identity cards, and family cards, confiscation of mobile phones, and cross-national conflicts. From the individual perspective, supporting factors consist of personal resilience, courage, motivation, and skills, whereas inhibiting factors include victims’ hesitation to leave human trafficking situations due to fear of the risks involved.

Efforts to protect children who are victims of sexual violence crimes in Mesuji Regency have been carried out through the establishment of the Regional Technical Implementation Unit for the Protection of Women and Children (UPTD PPA). However, in practice, cases of sexual violence against children continue to occur. This study aims to analyze the role of the UPTD PPA of Mesuji Regency in fulfilling the rights of child victims of sexual violence crimes and to identify the factors that hinder the implementation of this role. This research employs normative juridical and empirical approaches. Data were collected through literature review and field studies, with informants consisting of the Head of the Mesuji Regency Office for Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection, the Head of the UPTD PPA of Mesuji Regency, and a lecturer in criminal law from the Faculty of Law, University of Lampung. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively. The results show that, normatively, the role of the UPTD PPA of Mesuji Regency has been implemented based on the prevailing laws and regulations, including the Child Protection Law, the Law on Sexual Violence Crimes, and regulations concerning the UPTD PPA. Factually, the UPTD PPA carries out preventive, handling, and recovery efforts through legal, medical, and psychological protection for child victims. However, the implementation of this role has not been optimal due to several inhibiting factors, namely limitations in human resources, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, low community participation and awareness, and cultural factors characterized by individualism. This study recommends optimizing the performance of the UPTD PPA through improvements in human resources, facilities and infrastructure, and strengthening community involvement in child protection.

The digital transformation of population administration services has become a strategic agenda in improving the quality of public services in many countries. This study aims to comparatively analyze the implementation models of digital-based population administration services in Indonesia and Singapore. Using a qualitative approach with a literature review method, this study examines various scientific journals, policy documents, government reports, and relevant publications published in the last five years. The analysis focuses on identifying differences in implementation patterns, supporting and inhibiting factors, and best practices applied in both countries. The results show that Singapore has successfully implemented an integrated and user-centered digital population administration system supported by a strong national digital identity infrastructure, advanced technology, and high digital literacy among citizens. Meanwhile, Indonesia has made significant progress through the implementation of the Population Administration Information System and Digital Population Identity, but still faces challenges such as infrastructure inequality, limited human resource capacity, and uneven digital literacy. This comparative study highlights that the success of digital population administration services is determined not only by technology adoption but also by policy consistency, system integration, institutional capacity, and public participation. The findings are expected to provide policy insights and practical recommendations to strengthen digital population administration services in Indonesia in the future.  

Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) program is a national policy designed to improve the nutritional quality of children and support human resource development. However, its implementation at the regional level still faces various institutional and coordination issues. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Free Nutritious Meals program in Jambi City, focusing on the dynamics of program implementation and the inhibiting factors. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with policy implementers and  documentation with informants determined through purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using Merilee S. Grindlee policy implementation theory through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the MBG program in Jambi City has not been running optimally. This condition is characterized by the strong dominance of the central government in the decision making process, weak coordination between actors at the regional level, and inadequate readiness of supporting institutions, especially in aspects of human resources, monitoring system, and clarity of operational standards for implementation.

This study aims to examine the implementation of Qur’anic learning in improving early childhood students’ ability to read the Qur’an, as many young children are still not fluent in Qur’anic reading. The research was conducted at RA Qur’an Mayada. The focus of the study includes: (1) the educational concepts applied by the institution to enhance Qur’anic reading skills, (2) the strategies or programs used in Qur’anic reading instruction, (3) the implementation of Qur’anic learning in improving Qur’anic reading ability, and (4) the inhibiting factors and solutions in strengthening Qur’anic reading proficiency. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the institution develops an integrative curriculum using child-centered learning approaches, particularly through the methods of tilawah, talaqqi, tadarus, and educational games. The main challenges arise from differences in students’ abilities, limited learning time, and unequal family support. Solutions include increasing learning hours, maintaining intensive communication with parents, and providing regular teacher training.

The transformation of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning in senior high schools has become an urgent necessity in response to the demands of modern education that emphasize humanistic and student-centered learning. This study aims to describe the implementation of a humanistic approach in PAI learning, analyze its impact on students’ development, and identify supporting and inhibiting factors in its classroom application. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with PAI teachers, questionnaires distributed to students, and document analysis of lesson plans and instructional materials. The findings reveal that the implementation of dialogic, reflective, and experience-based learning strategies creates a more comfortable and engaging learning environment. Students feel more appreciated, gain opportunities to express their ideas, and demonstrate improvements in learning autonomy, self-confidence, and moral responsibility. In addition, teachers increasingly integrate cognitive, affective, and spiritual dimensions into instructional planning, making PAI learning more relevant to real-life contexts. These results indicate that the humanistic approach not only enriches the learning process but also contributes significantly to the comprehensive and sustainable development of students’ character.

Islam Nusantara is a religious concept in Indonesia characterized by moderation, inclusiveness, adaptability to local culture, and emphasizing tolerance. The implementation of these values ​​in school religious practices has been inconsistent due to differing perspectives and rejection of local traditions. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms of school religious traditions, analyze the implementation of Islam Nusantara values ​​in these traditions, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and explain their impact on student character. The research method used was a qualitative approach with a case study design. The research location was Qurrota A'yun Elementary School in Purwakarta. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on the results of the study, the Principal and Islamic Religious Education Teachers understand the concept of Islam Nusantara as a harmonious integration of Islam with local culture within the corridors of faith and sharia. Its implementation is realized through structured religious traditions (the culture of greetings, dhuha prayer, murojaah, etc.) that successfully integrate local wisdom. A significant impact is an increase in politeness, tolerance, religiosity, and respect for local culture among students. Supporting factors include school leadership and teacher-parent collaboration, while differences in understanding become obstacles that are overcome through intensive communication. The implementation of Nusantara Islamic values ​​in school religious traditions has proven effective in shaping students' character to be moderate, tolerant, and respectful of tradition. Schools are advised to strengthen program planning with written guidelines and a measurable evaluation system to monitor character development on an ongoing basis.

This study aims to describe the implementation of multicultural education at SDN Bululawang 02 and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors of its implementation. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The subjects of the study consist of the principal and teachers. Data collection techniques were conducted through semi-structured interviews, while data analysis used an interactive analysis model that includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that multicultural education has been implemented through school policies, the learning process, and school culture. The school applies deep learning-based instruction that emphasizes meaningful learning experiences with the support of learning technologies such as smart TVs and smart boxes. Multicultural education is also realized through various religious, social, and national activities, such as routine religious activities, the commemoration of national and religious holidays, as well as the use of traditional clothing, which serve to instill values of tolerance, togetherness, and mutual respect. The role of the school principal is evident through classroom supervision, teacher training, and learning evaluation, while teachers integrate multicultural values through varied and enjoyable teaching methods. The challenges faced include the diverse characteristics of students, limited facilities, and differences in students' academic abilities. Efforts made by the school to overcome these challenges involve collaboration with parents and adjustments to learning strategies. This study concludes that multicultural education in elementary schools has been implemented well; however, it still requires strengthening in terms of facility support, teacher competence, and ongoing collaboration between schools and parents.

Facilities and infrastructure are essential components in the provision of education, functioning to support the effectiveness of teaching and learning processes, student comfort, and the achievement of quality learning outcomes. In boarding-based Islamic schools (madrasah), facility needs become more complex due to the integration of formal academic curricula with religious instruction and a full residential system. The National Education Standards (SNP) serve as the national reference for the fulfillment of educational facilities in Indonesia; however, the standards do not specifically regulate boarding facilities, resulting in a gap in facility fulfillment among pesantren-based madrasah. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of educational facilities and infrastructure at MTsS Sunanul Husna, South Tangerang City, with the SNP and to identify inhibiting factors affecting the fulfillment of such standards. The research employed a qualitative case study design through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using interactive procedures, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that academic facilities are categorized as adequate, with classrooms, teacher rooms, administrative offices, computer laboratories, and a UKS room available and functioning, although the library and student sanitation facilities require improvement. Boarding facilities such as dormitories, worship areas, and kitchen facilities are categorized as good, despite not being covered in the SNP. The study reveals that financial limitations, centralized authority at the foundation level, and the absence of national standards for boarding education represent the main inhibiting factors. The study implies the need for the formulation of facility standards specifically for boarding madrasah and for strengthened collaboration among the government, foundations, and communities in fulfilling educational infrastructure.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the principles of tawassuth, tawazun, and tasamuh in religious activities at Islamic boarding school Al-Manshuriyah Plered-Purwakarta, as well as to analyze the supporting factors, challenges, and their impact on shaping the moderate character of the the students. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that the implementation of Ahlussunnah wal Jama’ah (Aswaja) values has been carried out effectively through various programs such as routine Islamic study sessions, Qur’an reading, congregational prayer, commemoration of Islamic holidays, and social-religious activities. The principle of tawassuth is reflected in the congregation’s moderate attitude in understanding religious texts, tawazun is demonstrated through the balance between worship activities and social engagement, while tasamuh is manifested through harmonious interactions and appreciation of differences. Supporting factors include visionary leadership and a conducive learning environment, whereas inhibiting factors involve the diverse backgrounds of community members and limited facilities. The implementation of Aswaja values has positively contributed to the development of moderate, tolerant, and religious character among the congregation. This study reinforces the importance of Islamic boarding school as a center for cultivating Wasathiyah-based Islamic character in society.

This study focuses on analyzing the application of cloud computing as a supporting infrastructure for digital transformation in the implementation of Smart City at the Communication and Information Agency (Diskominfo) of Muara Enim Regency. In the era of digital transformation and accelerated urbanization, the need for smart city management based on information technology has become increasingly urgent. Cloud computing plays a strategic role in providing integrated, scalable, and efficient data services to support the effectiveness of public services and data-driven decision-making. This study aims to analyze the extent to which cloud computing has been implemented in the Muara Enim Diskominfo environment, identify the supporting and inhibiting factors of its implementation, and evaluate its contribution to the achievement of Smart City objectives. This study uses a comparative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the implementation of cloud computing at the Muara Enim Communication and Information Agency is still in the development stage, with positive achievements in data management efficiency and inter-unit collaboration, but facing obstacles in terms of system integration and human resources. This research contributes to strengthening academic understanding of cloud computing implementation strategies in the context of local government, as well as providing practical recommendations for policy makers to improve digital infrastructure readiness towards a sustainable Smart City.

A high-fat diet can cause hyperlipidemia, which is one of the main risk factors for atherosclerosis. Papaya flowers (Carica papaya L.) contain antioxidants that have the potential to inhibit the development of atherosclerotic lesions. This study aims to determine the effect of papaya flower extract on the histopathological features of the aorta of Wistar rats induced by a high-fat diet. The study design is a posttest only-trial group design. The study sample consisted of 25 male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups with treatment for 21 days. Group A received no treatment. Group B was given high-fat diet consisting of 3 mL of pork fat and 2 g of duck egg yolk. Group C was given high-fat diet and simvastatin 0.18 mg/200 gBW. Groups D and E were given high-fat diet and papaya flower extract 125 mg/kgBW and 250 mg/kgBW, respectively. The parameter used is the histopathological description of the aorta in the form of foam cell formation. The results showed that there were few foam cell in group A. Group B had many foam cells in the tunica intima and media of aorta. Group C, D and E showed a reduction in the number of foam cells. The administration of papaya flower extract (Carica papaya L.) was effective in inhibiting foam cell formation in the aorta of Wistar rats induced by a high-fat diet, with a better effect seen at a dose of 250 mg/kgBW, which was almost comparable to simvastatin.