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In international relations, it is very necessary to pay attention to what a country can and cannot do when interacting with other countries as a form of respect for sovereignty and international norms. Relations between countries in international life also include the involvement of international organizations that have an important role in maintaining global stability. In accordance with the goal of international organizations to resolve conflicts between countries, one of the conflicts that must be of concern to the world is armed conflict. One of the wars that is still in the spotlight to this day is the war between Israel and Palestine in the Gaza Strip. The research method used in this article is a normative legal research method with a literature approach and a case approach, namely related to war crimes in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the Gaza Strip. The United Nations as part of an international organization within the framework of the Law of the International Organization has made various efforts to maintain peace in Palestine. However, because this war is one of the most complicated, protracted, and fraught with international political importance, its resolution still faces various obstacles that make it difficult to end the conflict to this day.

This study aims to explain and reconstruct the notion of auditor professionalism beyond the reasoning framework found in the accountants’ code of ethics. The reconstruction is carried out by redefining auditor professionalism through the integration of moral reasoning and the values derived from QS. Al-Isra (36), as a response to the issue of fraud disclosure. The research adopts a non-technical perspective on auditor professionalism. Accordingly, the appropriate method for this study is Theoretical Triangulation, namely testing auditor professionalism from the perspective of moral reasoning and QS. Al-Isra (36). Specifically, the research begins by utilizing three sources of values: the Handbook of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, principles of moral reasoning, and the guidance in QS. Al-Isra (36). Second, the study identifies the limitations of conventional interpretations of auditor professionalism when examined solely from ethical codes, and further analyzes how moral reasoning and QS. Al-Isra (36) enrich this perspective. Third, the concept of auditor professionalism is reconstructed in a holistic manner. Finally, the study concludes whether moral reasoning and QS. Al-Isra (36) are interrelated with the auditors’ professionalism in uncovering fraud. Ultimately, this article proposes a revised conception of auditor professionalism. By incorporating moral reasoning and QS. Al-Isra (36), auditor professionalism is envisioned as transcending rationalism and materialism. It is defined as a commitment to uphold the accountants’ code of ethics, grounded in justice and virtue, with an awareness that every action will be held accountable in the hereafter.

This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes and activeness of class VII F students of MTs Darul Hikmah Tulungagung in Social Studies (IPS) lessons due to the use of monotonous lecture methods. The purpose of this study is to improve students' activeness and cognitive abilities through the application of board-based scrabble media. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) which was carried out in two cycles with four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 27 students, with data collection techniques through tests, observation, and documentation, and data analysis using average scores. Student activeness was observed based on learning activeness indicators, while cognitive abilities were measured through pre-tests and post-tests based on Bloom's taxonomy. The results of the study showed an increase in student activeness from 62% in cycle I to 87% in cycle II, as well as an increase in the average cognitive ability from 18.51% to 77.77%. These findings indicate that scrabble media is effective in improving students' activeness and cognitive abilities in IPS learning.  The implication is that game-based learning media can be widely applied to non-language materials to create more interactive and meaningful learning.

This study aims to identify: 1) The effect of halal certification on the perceptions of students of the Islamic Economics program at IAIN Pontianak regarding Pro-Israel products. 2) The effect of the product on the perceptions of students of the Islamic Economics program at IAIN Pontianak regarding Pro-Israel products. 3) The effect of religiosity on the perceptions of students of the Islamic Economics program at IAIN Pontianak regarding Pro-Israel products. The method used in this research employs a quantitative method. Data collection was conducted through the distribution of questionnaires to respondents. The data analysis used is panel data, and the hypothesis testing uses the coefficient of determination (R2), partial (t-test). The data used by the researcher is primary data that is then processed into secondary data, which includes halal certification, products, religiosity, and student perceptions. Data testing was also conducted with the help of SPSS 25 and Eviews 12 applications. The results of this study show: 1) The halal certification variable has a significant partial effect on student perceptions, as indicated by a t-statistic value of 1.6157 and a probability (p) of 0.0190. 2) The product variable has a significant partial effect on student perceptions, as indicated by a t-statistic value of 0.481082 and a probability value of 0.0314 < 0.05. 3) The religious variable has a significant partial effect on student perceptions, as indicated by a t-statistic value of 6.9607 and a probability of 0.000 < 0.05.

The Israel–Palestine conflict continues to generate widespread human rights violations, yet international responses are often fragmented due to the political dominance of developed nations, raising critical questions about the effectiveness of human rights protection. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of how such dominance, particularly the use of veto power in the UN Security Council and the provision of direct political and military support, it affects the asymmetry of civilian protection and delays the cessation of hostilities. Using a doctrinal method with normative–qualitative analysis of resolutions, official reports, and global justice frameworks, this research also evaluates the effectiveness of normative diplomacy carried out by Indonesia and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in promoting ceasefires, accountability, and victim recovery. The findings indicate that vetoes and material support create systemic barriers to compliance with humanitarian law, significantly weakening efforts to protect human rights. Nevertheless, Indonesia’s and the OIC’s consistent diplomacy contributes to mobilizing international support, although their policy leverage remains limited in the absence of concrete enforcement mechanisms. The main implication of this study underscores the urgent need for a stronger architecture of global compliance, including restrictions on arms support that prolong conflict, conditioning international aid on human rights compliance, ensuring humanitarian access, and reinforcing the implementation of rulings and provisional measures of international judicial bodies, in pursuit of effective accountability and human rights protection.

The effectiveness of the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in enforcing international humanitarian law related to war crimes and forced displacement in Gaza faces complex challenges. Although the ICJ has international legal authority to adjudicate violations of international obligations, the implementation of ICJ decisions, in particular provisional measures that have been issued regarding Gaza, are often ignored by Israel. This non-compliance is further complicated by global political factors, especially the United States' support for the temporary relocation policy of Gazans which exacerbates patterns of forced displacement. This research uses a normative juridical method, with a focus on studying international legal norms, such as the 1945 Statute of the International Court of Justice, the 1949 Geneva Convention IV, and the 1998 Rome Statute. A conceptual approach is used to dissect the concept of the effectiveness of the ICJ's jurisdiction, while a case approach is applied in analyzing the application of the ICJ's jurisdiction to the post-2023 Gaza conflict. political domination of big countries. Therefore, strengthening the ICJ's jurisdiction requires effective compliance system reform and firmer political support from the international community so that the ICJ does not simply become a normative symbol.  

This research is motivated by the crisis of public trust experienced by the National Zakat Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BAZNAS RI) following the receipt of a donation of Rp1.5 billion from McDonald's Indonesia, which is considered to be affiliated with the Israeli McDonald's chain. This crisis has led to public rejection and questions about BAZNAS RI's credibility as a national zakat management institution. This research aims to: (1) analyze the crisis management strategies implemented by the Public Relations division of BAZNAS RI, and (2) examine the forms of crisis response strategies used in handling the issue. The theory used is Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), with a qualitative approach and phenomenological method. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews and observations. The results of the study indicate that BAZNAS RI Public Relations implemented three stages of crisis management strategies, namely pre-crisis, during crisis, and post-crisis. In the pre-crisis stage, media monitoring, internal meetings, and the formation of a crisis communication team were conducted. In the crisis stage, strategic steps were taken through coordination with partners, issuing official statements, terminating cooperation with McDonald's Indonesia, and publishing positive content. Support from public figures was also leveraged to restore the organization's image. In the post-crisis phase, issue monitoring and evaluation of collaboration partners were conducted. The response strategy focused on a rebuilding and bolstering approach through apologies, strengthening a positive image, and affirming humanitarian values. These findings underscore the importance of empathetic, transparent, and value-oriented communication in addressing the crisis of trust in philanthropic institutions.

Making lesson plans (RPPs) is an essential part of implementing the 2013 curriculum because it gives instructors a practical guidance for carrying out the learning process, which is focused on developing students' character and taking a scientific approach.  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the appropriateness and quality of the RPP that instructors created in relation to the 2013 Curriculum.  The RPP was created by teachers in several elementary and high schools using a document study approach and a descriptive qualitative research methodology. According to Permendikbud Number 14 of 2019, the majority of RPPs have incorporated the required elements, including subject identity, core and basic competencies, learning objectives, learning materials, methods, media, learning resources, learning steps, and assessment.  Authentic evaluation, literacy integration, and the application of a thorough scientific approach were nevertheless determined to have shortcomings and were not yet at their best.  These results show that in order to increase the quality of learning planning in accordance with the 2013 Curriculum's tenets, teachers' capability must be strengthened through ongoing training and professional development.

This study aims to integrate Prophetic guidance (Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad into the development of a Maqāṣid-Based Budgeting Framework, focusing on the balance between efficiency and social responsibility in Islamic financial management. Using a qualitative thematic approach to relevant hadiths on trust (amānah), professionalism (itqān), prohibition of extravagance (isrāf), and distributive justice, the study reveals that efficiency in Islam extends beyond cost reduction toward the optimization of maslahah ‘āmmah (public welfare). Meanwhile, social responsibility serves as an ethical foundation ensuring fairness, transparency, and accountability in fiscal decision-making. The integration of Prophetic values with theories of Islamic Fiscal Management and Public Finance Efficiency enhances the conceptual strength of Islamic budgeting as a model of balanced financial governance. Thus, budgeting in the maqāṣid and Prophetic perspective is not merely a technical instrument but also a spiritual and social tool for achieving just, efficient, and ethically grounded financial management.

The braking system was a crucial component in ensuring the safety of motor vehicles on the road. Brake failures, such as brake fade or total malfunction, could result in fatal accidents. Therefore, an accurate and realistic testing method was necessary to measure the effectiveness of a vehicle’s braking system. This study aimed to develop a deceleration measuring device based on GPS, which could be used in road test methods. The device was designed using an ESP32 microcontroller combined with a BN-220 GPS module, RTC real-time clock sensor, 16x2 LCD, thermal printer, and microSD storage media. Testing was conducted on a Mitsubishi L300 vehicle at the Depok Beach runway in Yogyakarta, with initial speed variations ranging from 10 to 80 km/h. Calibration results showed that the device had an accuracy of 99.64% with an average error of 0.36%. Meanwhile, the test results recorded deceleration values ranging from 0.74 to 3.26 m/s², depending on the initial speed and braking conditions. Based on these findings, the developed device proved to be accurate and feasible as an alternative method for field testing of braking systems.

Air memiliki peran penting dalam banyak narasi di dalam Perjanjian Lama, berfungsi sebagai simbol yang kuat dari penciptaan, pemurnian, dan pembebasan. Penelitian ini mengkaji simbolisme air yang multifaset, menjelajahi implikasi spiritual, sosial, dan ekologisnya dari kisah penciptaan hingga pembebasan bangsa Israel dari Mesir. Dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif terhadap teks-teks alkitabiah dan interpretasi ilmiah yang relevan, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap makna yang lebih dalam dari air dalam narasi-narasi ini dan bagaimana makna tersebut beresonansi dengan isu-isu kontemporer terkait keberlanjutan dan pengelolaan sumber daya. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa simbolisme air melampaui konteks alkitabiah, menawarkan wawasan tentang tantangan modern terkait dengan kelangkaan air dan pengelolaan lingkungan.

This study aims to determine the exemplary leadership of Joshua and its implications for the ministry of the Elders at the GKPPD Penjaraten Resort Kuta Dame Pakpak Bharat. The background of this study departs from the fact that not all Elders demonstrate leadership character in accordance with Biblical values, especially as exemplified by Joshua as a humble, selfless, and exemplary leader of the Israelites. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach, namely by analyzing and describing the character of Joshua's leadership and its relevance to the current condition of the Elders' ministry. The results of the study show four exemplary aspects of Joshua's leadership, namely: Joshua always prioritizes God, Joshua has great empathy for the Israelites, Joshua demonstrates obedience and steadfastness of faith, and Joshua implements servant leadership. Emulating Joshua's leadership is important for GKPPD Elders because Joshua demonstrates leadership that always prioritizes God in every decision. His exemplary in having empathy and concern for the congregation becomes a real example for Elders in serving the congregation with heart. Joshua's obedience and steadfast faith also encouraged the Elders to live with integrity and serve as spiritual role models. Furthermore, Joshua's selfless leadership style taught that true service is done with sincerity, not for personal gain.

The boycott of companies suspected of having ties to Israel has drawn public attention, including Unilever. This research was motivated by the need to understand how Unilever, impacted by the boycott, is attempting to restore its reputation in the eyes of the public. Specifically, this research aims to analyze how the people of Serang City respond to these efforts amidst the turmoil of this sensitive issue. The study used a quantitative approach based on the S-O-R (Stimulus-Organism-Response) theory. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 400 respondents in Serang City. The main focus of the analysis was on three Unilever strategies: a statement of non-involvement in the genocide, providing aid to refugees in Egypt, and offering product discounts at local retailers. The S-O-R theory was used to observe how the company's communication stimuli generate psychological responses and public attitudes toward brand reputation. The study results showed that 68.12% of respondents responded positively to Unilever's efforts, although this figure only slightly exceeded the minimum threshold set in the hypothesis. The majority of the public is more familiar with discount efforts than humanitarian aid or official clarification. Therefore, information transparency and strengthened crisis management need to be optimized to clarify Unilever's position and sustainably strengthen the company's reputation amidst sensitive social and political issues.

The waste detection application is a solution to identify and classify waste. With the increasing waste problem, this application aims to assist in classifying waste into organic, inorganic, and unknown categories. This research implements a waste detection application that runs on smartphones with the Android operating system. The application is the result of a capstone project from the Bangkit program in the MSIB batch 6. The development of this application is divided into several parts, namely backend, frontend, and deployment. The author focuses on the deployment process of the application using Google Cloud Platform. The Google Cloud Platform infrastructure was chosen due to its scalability and flexibility. The services utilized include Google Compute Engine (GCE), Google Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), and Google Cloud Storage (GCS). The deployment process involves creating a new project in Google Cloud, configuring virtual machines, and setting up Google Cloud Storage. The server VM configuration includes the installation of SQL Server (MariaDB), deployment of the Machine Learning API, and Backend API. Testing was carried out on the Machine Learning API using Postman and the Backend API through a browser. The results show that Google Cloud Platform can be implemented as a cloud computing infrastructure for waste detection applications. The Machine Learning API is able to read objects in the form of images sent by users.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a crucial issue that significantly impacts morbidity and mortality rates, as well as healthcare costs. Nurses' compliance with infection prevention is a key indicator of the quality of hospital services. Rewards are one factor that can influence compliance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between rewards and nurses' compliance with infection prevention at Qolbu Insan Mulia Hospital, Batang. The study employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 153 nurses were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection instruments included a 10-item reward questionnaire and a 21-item infection prevention compliance questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The results showed that the majority of respondents were in the 30–39 age group (50.3%), female (71.2%), had a Diploma 3 (D3) in Nursing (56.8%), and had worked for 5–10 years (44.5%). Most respondents received high rewards (79.1%) and demonstrated high compliance with infection prevention (90.8%). The Spearman test yielded a ρ value of 0.000 with an r value of 0.598, indicating a significant and positive relationship between rewards and nurse compliance. Therefore, providing targeted rewards can be used as a managerial strategy to improve service quality and support patient safety on an ongoing basis.

The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which parental democratic parenting style is related to students’ level of self-efficacy in completing their undergraduate thesis. Self-efficacy, or an individual’s belief in their ability to achieve specific goals, plays a crucial role in determining academic success, particularly in the thesis writing process. This research employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The study involved a total of 141 student respondents, selected using a simple random sampling technique to ensure representativeness. The research instrument consisted of questionnaires designed to measure students’ perceptions of their parents’ parenting style and their self-efficacy levels regarding thesis completion. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation test to identify the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The results revealed that most respondents perceived their parents’ democratic parenting style as high, with 27 respondents (19.1%) categorized in this group. In addition, students’ self-efficacy levels were found to be predominantly high, with 132 respondents (93.6%). Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between democratic parenting style and students’ self-efficacy in thesis completion, with a p-value of 0.001 (<0.05). The correlation coefficient was 0.289, indicating a moderate relationship. These findings suggest that democratic parenting, characterized by warmth, support, and open communication, plays an important role in shaping students’ confidence and belief in their ability to successfully complete academic tasks, particularly their undergraduate thesis. Thus, the study highlights the contribution of family environment as a supportive factor in enhancing students’ academic resilience and achievement.

Marketing management has a strategic role in maintaining the sustainability of the company, especially in the midst of market dynamics and social issues that affect consumer behavior. One of the issues that had an impact was the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement against products that were associated with supporting Israel, including PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk. This study aims to analyze the influence of loyalty and brand image on Unilever product purchase decisions after the boycott in the South Jakarta area. The research method used was quantitative statistics with a survey approach of 100 respondents. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The results of the analysis showed that consumer loyalty had a significant effect on purchasing decisions (Thcal = 3.538 > Ttable = 1.984; sig = 0.001 < 0.05). Brand image also showed significant influence (Thcal = 4.032 > Ttable = 1.984; sig = 0.000 < 0.05). Simultaneously, both variables had a significant effect on purchasing decisions (Fcal = 63.849 > Ftable = 3.09; sig = 0.000). A determination coefficient value (R²) of 0.568 indicates that loyalty and brand image together influence 56.8% of consumer purchase decisions. These findings provide important implications for the company's marketing strategy in responding to social issues and maintaining consumer trust through strengthening loyalty and brand image.

This study examines the phenomenon of Muslim consumer consumptive behavior in the digital era, focusing on online shopping activities through e-commerce platforms. The main goal is to examine the conformity of consumption behavior with the principles of consumption ethics in Islam. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews with selected Muslim consumers as well as observations of purchasing patterns over three months. The results show that the ease of access to technology, the intensity of promotion, and the influence of social media are the dominant factors that encourage impulse buying behavior. This phenomenon creates a gap between actual consumption practices and Islamic ethical values, especially related to the principles of moderation (wasathiyah), avoidance of waste (israf), and social responsibility in shopping. While some respondents showed awareness of these values, the pressures of the digital environment and consumptive lifestyles often obscure ethical considerations in purchasing decision-making. The implications of these findings emphasize the urgency of strengthening Islamic consumption literacy through digital education, awareness campaigns, and the integration of religious values in ethical marketing strategies. This research is expected to be the basis for the development of sustainable consumption policies based on spiritual values, as well as encourage Muslim consumers to be more critical and wise in facing the evolving dynamics of digital commerce.

This study aims to determine the forms of interaction, participation, and motivation of Indonesian NCTzens in the boycott campaign of pro-Israel products through the @nctzenhumanity account on social media X. This study uses Henry Jenkins' theory of participatory culture and the concept of digital activism as the basis of analysis. The data for this study were obtained through semi-structured interviews with informants directly involved in the campaign, observations of campaign content, and digital documentation from the @nctzenhumanity account and related articles. Data validation techniques were carried out by triangulating sources to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the information obtained. The results showed that NCTzen interactions in the boycott campaign occurred through various activities, such as discussions, providing positive affirmations, and exchanging information that formed a virtual community. Their participation included digital actions such as retweets, raising hashtags, content creation, and sharing information that raised awareness about the boycott issue. In addition, real support was also given in the form of donations and boycotts of products originating from pro-Israel companies. Motivation for participation was driven by educational, moral, spiritual, emotional values, and fandom solidarity towards humanitarian issues. This campaign reflects the practice of participatory culture in fandom digital activism, where fandom transforms into an active social actor in the struggle for humanitarian issues through digital media.

The covenant between God and Abraham serves as proof that God is a faithful God who never abandons His people, whether in times of joy or sorrow. This covenant is also one of the fundamental covenants in the Old Testament, with significant theological and historical implications. This article, we’re discusses and analyzes God’s covenant with Abraham and its implications for Christian faith today, based on Genesis 12:1-9. Through this covenant, God promises three main things to Abraham: numerous descendants, the promised land, and blessings for all nations. Futhermore, this covenant serves as the foundation of Israel’s identity and finds its fulfillment in Jesus Christ, as foretold in Genesis 3:15, namely the offspring that will be born a woman. This study serves as evidence and a model for Christians regarding Abraham’s obedience and steadfast faith, emphasizing that salvation in Jesus Christ is one of God’s fulfilled promises to Abraham. Thus, understanding this covenant strengthens the conviction that God remains faithful to His promises and that faith in Him is the foundation of true spiritual life for believers.