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This study aims to analyze the errors in descriptive texts of class VII students of SMP 12 Jakarta. This study is a descriptive qualitative type. The research instrument is the researcher himself. The data collection technique used is documentation study. The source of indicator data is the choice of words and sentences. The data is then analyzed with preliminary steps then continued to the method, results and discussion and closed with conclusions and suggestions. Based on the results of the descriptive text written by class VII students of SMP 12 Jakarta, several errors were found in writing so that the sentences used were ineffective. The most common error found was an error in phonemes.

This study aims to analyze the errors in descriptive texts of class VII students of SMP 12 Jakarta. This study is a descriptive qualitative type. The research instrument is the researcher himself. The data collection technique used is documentation study. The source of indicator data is the choice of words and sentences. The data is then analyzed with preliminary steps then continued to the method, results and discussion and closed with conclusions and suggestions. Based on the results of the descriptive text written by class VII students of SMP 12 Jakarta, several errors were found in writing so that the sentences used were ineffective. The most common error found was an error in phonemes.

The phenomenon of increasing use of online games among teenagers in Pebenaan Village, Indragiri Hilir Regency, shows a shift in communication patterns from the real world to the virtual world. Online games no longer only serve as entertainment, but also become a significant space for social communication. This research aims to identify teenagers' motives for using online games as a communication medium, understand the communication process that occurs, and evaluate its impact on their social behavior. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation and documentation. The research informants were teenagers aged 13–19 years who actively played online games in Pebenaan Village. The research results show that the main motives of teenagers include entertainment, escape from boredom, social acceptance, and expanding friendship networks. The communication process in online games occurs through text chat, voice chat, and symbols such as emotes, which allows spontaneous and flexible interaction. Positive impacts include increasing collaboration skills and expanding social networks, while negative impacts include decreasing the intensity of real-world interactions and the use of abusive language. This research concludes that online games offer opportunities and challenges for teenagers' communication patterns, so wise management is needed to exploit their positive potential without ignoring the risks that may arise.

The purpose of the study is to describe Art Performances in a Series of Wedding Parties in Pondok Tinggi District, Sungai TFull City, Jambi Province. The type of research used is qualitative research with the method used is descriptive analysis. The object of this study is Art in a series of wedding parties, namely art activities in the form of joyful performances of Rentak Kudo. The research instruments or tools are the researchers themselves and are assisted by supporting instruments such as smartphone cameras, voice recorders and flash disks. The data collection techniques used are literature studies, direct observation, interviews, and documentation. The steps taken by the researcher in analyzing the data are data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the Art Performance at the Wedding Party is described in accordance with the conceptual framework which includes: 1) The relationship between the community of Sungai TFull City and the art performance at the wedding. 2) The relationship between the meaning of art performances based on textual, which consists of movement, expression, floor patterns, dancers, costumes, music, makeup, and performance venues with contextual, namely consisting of wedding parties, wedding processions and social values

Education in Indonesia plays an important role in the development of individuals and the country, shaping social and cultural values and preparing for the future. Quality education creates human resources who are innovative and have high social awareness, as regulated in Republic of Indonesia Law no. 20 of 2003. The main challenge is to maintain achievements and adapt to the Society 5.0 era. Curricula, such as the 2013 Curriculum and the Merdeka Curriculum, are designed to develop students' knowledge, skills and character. English as a compulsory subject increases career and educational opportunities in the context of globalization. English teaching in Indonesia emphasizes listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, as well as the importance of grammar and vocabulary. Nouns are an important element in sentence formation, and understanding nouns helps students in all aspects of language skills. An effective method for studying nouns is through descriptive text analysis. The Community Service Activity (PKM) entitled "Learning Nouns Through Descriptive Text Analysis for Grade 7 Students at MTs Lijamul Athfal Sukabumi" aims to develop community potential, increase creativity, writing skills and relationship networks. It is hoped that this PKM can improve students' understanding of nouns and become a guide for language learning in Indonesian literature, as well as arouse interest in learning English. The method used includes preparation and implementation of noun learning through descriptive text analysis at MTs Lijamul Athfal Sukabumi with results showing high enthusiasm from students. It is hoped that this fun context-based learning can be an alternative that advances education and produces students with international insight.

This study aims to examine Indonesian language errors in the explanatory text written by class XI students of MA Hasyim Asy'ari Jogoroto in the 2024/2025 academic year. The focus of the research, namely analyzing Indonesian language errors in the fields of phonology, morophology, syntax, and semantics This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The data source used is the explanatory text written by students. The research subjects were students of class XI IIS 1 MA Hasyim Asy'ari, Jogoroto. The data collection technique in the research is documentation technique. The data analysis technique in the research consists of; (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) verification and conclusion. The results found consisted of 25 Indonesian language errors including, five phonological errors, 13 morphological errors, five syntactic errors, and two semantic errors. Phonological errors consisted of two capital letters, two punctuation marks, and one phoneme omission. Errors in morphology consist of five nonstandard word writings, two word merging errors, one non-yielding affixation writing, and five affixation writing errors. Syntax errors consisted of two redundant word usage three inappropriate diction choices, and semantic errors consisted of two findings.

The rise of Islamophobia worldwide is often fueled by ignorance and negative stereotypes about Islam. This situation calls for more effective educational efforts to counter misinformation and restore the image of Islam as a blessing for all, or Rahmatan lil 'Alamin. In response to this challenge, da'wah (Islamic preaching) through literature, especially novels, offers a way for readers to gain new perspectives and understand the complexities of religious life through engaging narratives that do not come across as patronizing. This study aims to identify the da'wah messages in Harlis Kurniawan's novel Bujang and Portuguese General and analyze the most dominant themes within the text. The novel serves as a potential medium for educating people, including non-Muslims, about the true teachings of Islam. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach using content analysis. The data analysis involves categorizing the content, evaluating it through judges' assessments, and calculating the findings using Microsoft Excel and the Slovin formula, followed by interpretation of the results. The result of this study shows that the novel possesses 37.66% message of morality which is very dominant, 32.46% sharia messages, and of 29.88% aqida messages.

Forgiveness is a word that is often heard, but is difficult to implement. Giving forgiveness is not based on the size of the mistake committed, but all mistakes must be forgiven. You also need to know that giving forgiveness is not just to forget, but because forgiveness is an obligation for everyone. By giving forgiveness, what happens is peace. Forgiveness is not a verb that must be questioned, but forgiveness requires intention and must be done.This article uses qualitative methods and a literary approach with descriptive analysis of the text of Matthew 18: 21 – 35, in order to explain the research object precisely. Therefore, the aim of the research is to explain the correct understanding of the meaning of Forgiving Without Limits.

A film poster functions as a visual communication tool that has an influence on the initial perception of the audience. The elements contained in the poster help the audience understand the message conveyed through a film. This research analyses the movie poster “Exit” using Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic approach, which divides the sign into two parts, namely signifier and signified. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, where this research uses data sources consisting of secondary data and primary data. The researcher describes the elements of the poster in detail, both visual appearance and verbal text, then conducts interpretative analysis. The data obtained were grouped based on the meaning of visual signs, verbal signs, and image signs in the film poster. The results show that the film poster ‘Exit’  is effective in utilising visual elements to provide a clear initial description of the film's theme and attract the audience's attention. The dynamic incorporation of visual elements and the appropriate use of text on this poster successfully communicate the genre, theme, and atmosphere of the film. Thus, this poster not only functions as a promotional tool but also as a medium that shapes the audience's perception of the film.

This article explores the role of balaghah in uncovering the linguistic beauty of the Qur’an, particularly in relation to its structural arrangement, semantic depth, and aesthetic qualities. The study adopts a qualitative design based on library research, drawing data from selected Qur’anic verses and scholarly works on balaghah. Data analysis is conducted using a descriptive-analytical method by examining the three core branches of balaghah, namely ma’ani, bayan, and badi’. The analysis shows that ma’ani contributes to highlighting the appropriateness and effectiveness of sentence structures in accordance with context and communicative intent, while bayan reveals deeper layers of meaning through various rhetorical expressions and figurative styles. Meanwhile, badi’ enhances the aesthetic dimension of the Qur’anic text by emphasizing sound harmony, stylistic balance, and semantic refinement. The integration of these three elements demonstrates that Qur’anic language possesses a holistic beauty that is not merely decorative but also functional, strengthening the delivery of divine messages both semantically and aesthetically.

This study is motivated by the status of Surah Yusuf as ahsanul qashash, which has special characteristics in terms of balagah, particularly the use of kinayah to convey sensitive narratives in a polite manner. This study aims to identify the classification of types of kinayah and reveal the pragmatic functions behind their use in the text. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with heuristic-semiotic analysis techniques, where the primary data is sourced directly from the verses of the Qur'an. Surah Yusuf predominantly uses kinayah 'an al-maushuf to refer to certain entities or positions in order to maintain the dignity of the narrative, in addition to the use of kinayah shifah and nisbah to describe the emotional turmoil of the characters. Functionally, this style of language plays the role of ihtiraz (preventive), mubalaghah (emphasis of meaning), and ta'dzim (respect). The implications of this study confirm that the use of kinayah is not merely linguistic aesthetics, but a medium of moral education that promotes polite interpersonal communication and is relevant to contemporary Islamic ethics.

Maktabah, as an institution providing Islamic information, plays an important role in supporting the development of Qur'an studies and tafsir. This article aims to examine the contribution of the Maktabah of the Indonesian Ulema Council of North Sumatra in facilitating scientific activities related to the Qur'an and interpretation through the provision of collection materials, services, and institutional assistance. This research applies a qualitative approach with a literature study method equipped with a descriptive analysis of the function of maktabah as an Islamic reference center. Data were obtained from institutional documents, collection catalogs, and supporting literature relevant to the development of Qur'an studies. The findings of the study revealed that maktabah functions as a forum for scientific documentation, a channel for the dissemination of interpretive knowledge, and a tool to increase Qur'an literacy for academics and the wider community. In addition, the maktabah also supports discussions, seminars, and research activities based on classical and contemporary texts, thereby strengthening the Islamic scientific tradition at the regional level. The existence of maktabah also contributes to building a literacy culture based on authoritative sources and encourages integration between textual and contextual studies in understanding the Qur'an. These findings highlight the urgency of improving management, digitizing services, strengthening human resources, and expanding the collection of maktabah to meet the demands of Qur'an study and interpretation in a sustainable manner in the modern era.

This study examines the asbab al-nuzul of Q.S. al-Baqarah (2):220 and its relevance to the concept of orphan care in Islamic thought. Employing a library research method with a qualitative-descriptive approach, the study analyzes the Qur’anic text, classical tafsir works (such as al-Tabari, Ibn Kathir, and al-Qurtubi), authoritative asbab al-nuzul sources (al-Waḥidi and al-Suyuti), as well as contemporary scholarly literature and recent journal articles (2020–2024). The findings indicate that Q.S. al-Baqarah (2):220 was revealed as a corrective response to the excessive caution among the Companions following stern warnings against unjust consumption of orphans’ property. The verse emphasizes the principle of islaḥ (reform and welfare) as the primary criterion for interactions with orphans. A thematic reading, complemented by related verses such as Q.S. al-Nisa’ (4):2 and (4):10 and Q.S. al-Duha (93):9, demonstrates that orphan care in Islam integrates legal, ethical, psychological, and social dimensions, prioritizing dignity and social integration over isolation. Contemporary studies further affirm the relevance of this verse to modern child protection principles, particularly the best interest of the child and family-based care models. This study recommends the development of orphan care policies rooted in family and community-based approaches, guided by trustworthiness, transparency, and holistic welfare.  

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of using story framework media in improving the ability to write fantasy story texts for class VII students at Junior high school 5 Cimahi. Writing fantasy story texts requires creativity, developing imagination, and the ability to organize story lines well. Based on initial observations, many students still have difficulty writing structured, creative and coherent fantasy stories. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method to describe the facts that emerged during the research through observation and questionnaires. Data was collected through observation sheets which included plot development, characterization, use of language, and creativity. Based on the results of the analysis, 39% of students achieved the Very Good category, 50% the Good category, and 11% the Poor category with an average score of 81.9, which is classified as Good. Thus, story framework media is effective in helping students develop better and more structured fantasy story text writing skills. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of more innovative and effective Indonesian language learning methods

This research aims to analyze the intrinsic elements in the novel “Danur” by SSsRisa Saraswati using descriptive qualitative method. The main focus of this analysis includes theme, character, plot, setting, point of view, language style, and mandate contained in the novel. The qualitative method was chosen because it allows researchers to explore the meaning and context of the text in depth, as well as understand the interaction between these elements in forming the whole narrative. The results of the analysis show that the main theme of the novel revolves around the supernatural experiences experienced by the main character, as well as the relationship between the real world and the supernatural world. The characters in “Danur” are built with strong details, creating interesting dynamics in a storyline that moves forward with several flashbacks. The time and place settings provide important context for understanding the conflict. The first-person point of view deepens the emotional experience of the main character, while the language style used creates an atmosphere that supports the theme of the story. This research is expected to contribute to the study of Indonesian literature, especially in understanding Risa Saraswati's works and the application of qualitative methods in literary analysis.

This study aims to analyze language rules in writing academic texts in the journal Pemahaman Materi Pembelajaran dalam Sistem SKS di Sekolah MAN 1 Medan oleh Susanti, S. et. al. This study focuses on spelling aspects, punctuation, use of capital letters, word selection (diction), sentence structure, use of conjunctions, and writing absorption words. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through the reading and take a note method.  The results showed that the journal had largely met academic language rules, but there were still some mistakes, such as the use of ineffective and redundant sentences, spelling errors and punctuation, as well as the use of inappropriate diction. This error can affect the credibility and ease of readers in understanding the academic text. Therefore, further revision is needed so that the text is more in accordance with the standard writing of academic texts that are good and correct. This research confirms the importance of linguistic rules in academic texts to improve the quality of scientific writing. By understanding and applying the correct writing rules, the author can produce scientific texts that are clearer, systematic, and easy to understand.

This research aims to examine the concept of Ulil Amri as described in the Quran and Sunnah, and how obedience to Ulil Amri is applied in the context of nationhood, particularly within modern political systems. The research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach, focusing on the interpretation of religious texts and related literature. Primary data sources include the Quran, Hadith, and the commentaries of classical and contemporary scholars, such as Ibn Qayyim, Al-Tabari, and Yusuf Al-Qaradawi. The main findings indicate that obedience to Ulil Amri has clear limitations, particularly when leaders do not govern in accordance with Islamic law. Additionally, the concept of Ulil Amri faces challenges in the modern era, especially in countries that do not fully implement Sharia law. The role of scholars in ensuring that leaders' policies remain aligned with Islamic values has become increasingly significant. The research concludes that obedience to Ulil Amri remains relevant; however, Muslims must balance this obedience with constructive criticism through the principle of Amar Ma’ruf Nahi Munkar when necessary. Consequently, this study suggests that the concept of Ulil Amri in Islam can be dynamically applied within the framework of modern governance.

Cargo pumps are very important in the unloading process, especially crude palm oil cargo on tankers. In order for the cargo unloading process to run smoothly, a strategy is needed in the use of cargo pumps. This study aims to find out the factors that cause damage to cargo pumps and the strategy of using cargo pumps so that the process of dismantling crude palm oil in MT Koan can run smoothly. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The results showed that cargo pump 1 operated better than cargo pump 2, with 77% of the operating time. Damage to the cargo pump is caused by leaks in the mechanical seal and clogging of dirt. Routine maintenance on cargo pump 1 is more frequent than cargo pump 2. The cargo temperature of crude palm oil is relatively low ranging from 39-40°C and there is a decrease in temperature at one observation point which causes the texture of the cargo to become very thick, thus interfering with the performance of the cargo pump. Based on the results of data analysis of the results of observations and interviews, it can be concluded that the factors that cause damage to cargo pumps at MT Koan are lack of maintenance, low load temperature and performance differences in both cargo pumps.

Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies phrases, clauses and sentences. This article focuses more on analyzing sentences in a text, where the sentence itself is a language unit that is relatively independent, has final intonation, and actually or potentially consists of clauses. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of sentences in opinion texts on the August 2023 edition of “Harian Jogja” as educational reading in terms of sentence structure and word choice. The type of research method used is descriptive qualitative research method and syntactic approach. The research data are the results of identifying ineffective sentences used in opinion texts on the “Harian Jogja” August 2023 Edition as Educational Reading. The data collection technique used is the syntactic approach in the form of listening and note-taking techniques. The informal method is used as a data presentation technique in this research. The data presentation is written in the form of a table containing some ineffective sentences and their improvements. From the analysis, 121 sentences were found consisting of 58 effective sentences and 63 ineffective sentences. In the opinion text titled “Peubahan Iklim dan Peran Masyarakat Memilah Sampah” there are 17 effective sentences and 22 ineffective sentences. In the opinion text titled “Mencermati Arsitektur RAPBN 2024,” there are 19 effective sentences and 18 ineffective sentences. In the opinion text titled “Peluang dan Tantangan Pertukaran Karbon,” there are 22 effective sentences and 23 ineffective sentences. This research produces several ineffective sentences which are classified into 3 namely waste in the use of words, inaccuracy in the use of words, and the last is the incompatibility of the information provided. In this analysis, the researcher uses one of the opinion texts as an example or sample, namely the opinion text entitled “Perubahan Iklim dan Peran Masyarakat dalam Memilah Sampah”. From the analysis of the opinion text which is composed of 39 sentences, there are 22 ineffective sentences. This study is useful as a guideline for writing effective sentences, besides that writers can pay more attention to writing in an opinion text that is by the rules of language.

This research was motivated by the lack of students' interest in English lessons, especially in writing descriptive texts. The purpose of this research was to determine the extent to which the use of the Wattpad application could influence students' ability to write descriptive texts. This research was conducted at MA Miftahul Ulum Tanjungpinang in the first-grades students in the second semester of the academic year 2022-2023. This research was a quantitative study using an experimental method. The sample of this research was 50 students. The research method used was a true experiment with a post-test only control design. The result of the research, there is a significant difference between the writing scores of the experimental class and the control class where the post-test scores of the experimental class are higher. It can be seen that the mean value of the control class is 62,12 while the experimental class is 75,64. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of using the Wattpad application on the ability of the first-grade students at MA Miftahul Ulum Tanjungpinang to write descriptive texts. based on student’s feedback using Wattpad application, the results show a strong positive trend across all questions related to Wattpad. Respondents tend to strongly support the statements provided. Mostly showed a positive “Strongly Agree” toward each statement, with only a few being neutral, disagreeing, or strongly disagreeing suggesting that the students had a favorable perception to the Implementation of the Duolingo application on the writing skill of the eleventh-grade students at MA Miftahul Ulum Tanjungpinang.