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This study discusses the design and testing of a growing media moisture and water level monitoring system based on ESP32-MQTT. The system was developed to support real-time monitoring of growing media conditions and water availability through a monitoring dashboard. This research used an experimental method with a design and implementation approach by developing an ESP32 circuit connected to a capacitive soil moisture sensor and a water level sensor, then sending sensor data to the dashboard through the MQTT protocol and Node-RED. Testing was carried out using a plant pot as the moisture testing medium and a water container as the water level testing medium. The results showed that the growing media moisture sensor displayed 0% in dry and very dry soil conditions, 61% in moist soil, and 89% in very moist soil. The water level sensor displayed 0 cm, 2.4 cm, and 4 cm according to the testing conditions. These results indicate that ESP32-MQTT can be used as an initial prototype for monitoring growing media moisture and water level before being applied to a complete hydroponic or aquaponic system.

This study presents an innovation design for an Internet of Things (IoT)-based watering and liquid fertilizer control system for chili plants using a NodeMCU ESP32. The main problem addressed is the manual watering and fertilizing process, which makes it difficult for farmers to monitor soil moisture, temperature, air humidity, and light intensity in real time. The recommended method used in this draft is Research and Development (R&D) with a prototyping approach because the study focuses on designing, building, integrating, and testing an IoT device through iterative stages. The system is designed using a soil moisture sensor, DHT11, LDR sensor, two-channel relay, two 12 V DC pumps, 16x2 I2C LCD, and the Blynk Mobile application for remote monitoring and control. Sensor data are transmitted to Blynk as percentage values and plant condition statuses, while the water and fertilizer pumps can be controlled using virtual buttons. The control logic defines the optimal condition for chili plants based on soil moisture of 60-80%, temperature of 25-30°C, air humidity of 60-80%, and light intensity of 50-90%. Prototype documentation and functional testing data will be completed in the next stage.

Hypertension is a chronic condition characterized by systolic blood pressure >130 mmHg and diastolic >80 mmHg, which can lead to serious complications such as stroke and heart failure if left unmanaged. This study aims to describe the application of warm water foot soak intervention in reducing blood pressure among hypertensive patients in the Dongkelan Kauman area. This was a descriptive study with a case study approach involving three elderlies with hypertension. The intervention was conducted for 20 minutes daily using warm water at a temperature of 38-40°C for three consecutive days. Data were collected through interviews and blood pressure measurements using a tensimeter before and after the intervention. The results showed a decrease in blood pressure in all three subjects after routinely implementing the intervention. The highest systolic reduction reached 15 mmHg, while the average diastolic reduction was 5 mmHg. Physiologically, warm water stimulates blood vessel vasodilation, which facilitates blood flow and reduces muscle tension. The study concludes that warm water foot soak therapy potentially effective as a non-pharmacological complementary intervention for controlling blood pressure in elderly patients with hypertension.

Hypertension is a chronic condition characterized by systolic blood pressure >130 mmHg and diastolic >80 mmHg, which can lead to serious complications such as stroke and heart failure if left unmanaged. This study aims to describe the application of warm water foot soak intervention in reducing blood pressure among hypertensive patients in the Dongkelan Kauman area. This was a descriptive study with a case study approach involving three elderlies with hypertension. The intervention was conducted for 20 minutes daily using warm water at a temperature of 38-40°C for three consecutive days. Data were collected through interviews and blood pressure measurements using a tensimeter before and after the intervention. The results showed a decrease in blood pressure in all three subjects after routinely implementing the intervention. The highest systolic reduction reached 15 mmHg, while the average diastolic reduction was 5 mmHg. Physiologically, warm water stimulates blood vessel vasodilation, which facilitates blood flow and reduces muscle tension. The study concludes that warm water foot soak therapy potentially effective as a non-pharmacological complementary intervention for controlling blood pressure in elderly patients with hypertension.

This study examines changes in nutritional knowledge, dietary patterns, nutrient intake, and food acculturation among first-year migrant and non-migrant students. A 5 months prospective cohort design was employed involving 32 students from the Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga. Students were randomly divided equally into migrant and non-migrant groups. Data were collected using questionnaires, food frequency questionnaires, 3×24-hour food recall, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicated no significant differences or changes in nutritional knowledge between groups throughout the observation period (p > 0.05). However, dietary patterns varied, with migrant students showing increased consumption of practical and fast foods. Nutrient intake, particularly energy and protein, was initially lower among migrant students but improved significantly over time, reflecting adaptation to a new environment. Food acculturation was evident among migrant students, with a significant increase in scores during the study period (p = 0.007), indicating gradual adjustment to local eating habits. These results highlight the influence of environmental adaptation on students’ dietary behavior and emphasize the need for targeted nutrition interventions to promote healthy eating habits during the early university transition.

This research is motivated by the vital role of clean water services and the need to optimize operational revenue at BLUD UPT Water Supply Management in Batam City. The study aims to analyze the influence of willingness to pay, ability to pay, and payment awareness on BLUD revenue achievement. A quantitative associative approach was employed, involving a population of 29,047 customers. A sample of 100 respondents was determined using the Slovin formula, and data were analyzed via multiple linear regression using SPSS software. The results indicate that, simultaneously, all three independent variables significantly affect revenue achievement with an F-value of 56.825 and a significance of 0.000. Partially, willingness to pay (t=8.279), ability to pay (t=11.020), and payment awareness (t=10.435) also exert a significant influence. These findings imply that higher community payment behavior directly increases institutional revenue. It is recommended that BLUD improves service quality and payment socialization to ensure sustainable revenue achievement.

Proyek konstruksi Rumah Sakit Perguruan Tinggi Negeri (RSPTN) Universitas X menghasilkan berbagai jenis Limbah B3 dari aktivitas pembangunan, operasional lapangan, dan perawatan peralatan. Limbah tersebut memiliki sifat berbahaya sehingga memerlukan pengelolaan sesuai regulasi untuk mencegah pencemaran dan risiko kesehatan. Studi ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis Limbah B3 yang timbul serta menilai kesesuaian pengelolaannya di Tempat Penyimpanan Sementara (TPS) dengan PP No. 22 Tahun 2021, Permen LH No. 14 Tahun 2013, dan Permen LHK No. 20 Tahun 2020. Limbah yang dihasilkan meliputi oli bekas, cat beserta wadahnya, solar bekas, bahan pelapis kedap air, dan thinner. Pengemasan dan pelabelan sudah sesuai ketentuan, namun fasilitas TPS masih perlu ditingkatkan seperti penutupan bangunan, ketahanan lantai, fasilitas keselamatan, dan kerapian penyimpanan. Pemindahan limbah dilakukan melalui pihak berizin seperti DLH. Secara umum, pengelolaan Limbah B3 cukup baik, tetapi masih diperlukan peningkatan sarana TPS agar lebih aman dan sesuai persyaratan.

Proyek konstruksi Rumah Sakit Perguruan Tinggi Negeri (RSPTN) Universitas X menghasilkan berbagai jenis Limbah B3 dari aktivitas pembangunan, operasional lapangan, dan perawatan peralatan. Limbah tersebut memiliki sifat berbahaya sehingga memerlukan pengelolaan sesuai regulasi untuk mencegah pencemaran dan risiko kesehatan. Studi ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis Limbah B3 yang timbul serta menilai kesesuaian pengelolaannya di Tempat Penyimpanan Sementara (TPS) dengan PP No. 22 Tahun 2021, Permen LH No. 14 Tahun 2013, dan Permen LHK No. 20 Tahun 2020. Limbah yang dihasilkan meliputi oli bekas, cat beserta wadahnya, solar bekas, bahan pelapis kedap air, dan thinner. Pengemasan dan pelabelan sudah sesuai ketentuan, namun fasilitas TPS masih perlu ditingkatkan seperti penutupan bangunan, ketahanan lantai, fasilitas keselamatan, dan kerapian penyimpanan. Pemindahan limbah dilakukan melalui pihak berizin seperti DLH. Secara umum, pengelolaan Limbah B3 cukup baik, tetapi masih diperlukan peningkatan sarana TPS agar lebih aman dan sesuai persyaratan.

This study aims to analyze the role of Aviation Security (AVSEC) and Air Traffic Control (ATC) in maintaining flight safety and security at Frans Seda Maumere Airport and relate it to Operational Management theory. The method used is a qualitative approach through interviews with sources directly involved in airport operations. The results of the study show that AVSEC acts as the first line of defense in the aviation security system through passenger, baggage, and cargo checks (SCP1 and SCP2), as well as surveillance of restricted areas (airside). Meanwhile, ATC is responsible for regulating aircraft traffic in the air and on the ground to ensure smooth and safe flights. The collaboration between AVSEC and ATC can be categorized as a form of integrated operational management, which is the integrated operational management between different units with a common goal, namely to ensure optimal aviation security and safety. Thus, the implementation of structured and integrated operational management is key in supporting the continuity of safe, orderly, and efficient flight operations.

Households in Yabansai Urban Village, Heram District, Jayapura City, experience recurrent clean-water shortages as the Kampwolker River, the raw-water source of PDAM UPP Waena, discharges decline. This study examines the supply-demand balance of clean water and community adaptation strategies in meeting household water needs. Demand was calculated using the Directorate General of Cipta Karya (1998) standard for a subdistrict town (90-100 L/person/day). Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 60 households across 12 RWs and two PDAM staff, supported by field observations of the intake, distribution network, boreholes, and household storage facilities. The results show that Yabansai's demand is 1,582,650-1,758,500 L/day, while PDAM UPP Waena's net distribution capacity is 2,268,000 L/day in the wet season and 1,008,000 L/day in the dry season. Because this capacity serves several areas, the wet-season surplus is only nominal, and the dry-season capacity is insufficient even for Yabansai alone. Despite this structural shortfall, 61.7% of respondents rate water availability as "Very Sufficient": community practices (water storage, rainwater harvesting, boreholes, water purchase) form an adaptive equilibrium that sustains daily activities but remains costly and vulnerable. The study recommends watershed rehabilitation, source diversification, distribution transparency, and network extension to unserved RWs.

The increasing complexity of urban road networks demands intelligent navigation systems capable of determining optimal routes efficiently. This research implements the Dijkstra Shortest Path algorithm to optimize route search on a location navigation system in Medan City. The system models a road network as a weighted graph comprising 57 strategic locations and over 90 road connections, represented using adjacency list data structures. The Dijkstra algorithm, implemented in Python using the heapq module for priority queue management, achieves an optimal time complexity of O((V+E) log V). The system features five main functions: shortest route search, popular routes, location listing, dynamic location addition, and dynamic road connection addition. System testing using a case study from Kualanamu Airport to the University of North Sumatra (USU) yielded an optimal route of 16.5 km through 4 road segments. Results demonstrate that the system successfully determines the most efficient route, provides accurate distance and travel time information for multiple transport modes (motorcycle, car, walking), and presents step-by-step journey guidance. This research contributes as a practical reference for applying shortest path algorithms in urban areas and serves as a foundation for developing more complex navigation applications in the future.

This study aims to analyze fifth-grade students’ understanding of the water cycle concept at SD Muhammadiyah Sidayu using animated video assistance, as well as to describe supporting and inhibiting factors, identify obstacles faced by teachers and students, explain teachers’ efforts, and examine students’ responses in science learning. The research used a descriptive qualitative method with 23 fifth-grade students as participants. Data were collected through tests, questionnaires, interviews, and observations, and analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured through triangulation of technique, source, and time. The results indicate that students’ understanding of the water cycle concept is categorized as moderate, with an average score of 69.43. Students are able to explain the definition and stages of the water cycle through images, classify events based on similarities in processes, and distinguish between evaporation and condensation. However, they still face difficulties in explaining the relationships between processes and in providing real-life examples related to the water cycle. Supporting factors include students’ interest and learning motivation, while inhibiting factors involve differences in comprehension abilities and students’ health conditions. Teachers face obstacles such as limited audio-visual facilities, shared LCD usage, and challenges in selecting appropriate animated videos. To overcome these issues, teachers use simple explanations, emphasize key points, replay videos, provide individual guidance, and assign diagram-based projects. Students’ responses are very positive, as animated videos increase their interest, attention, motivation, and conceptual understanding.

Communication is an essential human right, yet a significant communication gap persists between individuals with sensory disabilities, specifically the deaf and speech-impaired, and the general public. While many technological solutions have been proposed to translate sign language, existing models primarily rely on heavy deep learning architectures such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) or Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN/LSTM). These models often demand high computational power, leading to latency and limiting real-time application on standard devices. This study proposes a lightweight, fast, and highly responsive sign language translation system specifically designed to recognize static alphabets (A-Z) and single-character air writing. The system utilizes MediaPipe for hand tracking, where feature extraction is intelligently processed by calculating the relative spatial coordinates of fingertips to the wrist, reducing dependency on raw camera coordinates. Classification is performed using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with a Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel, prioritizing computational efficiency without sacrificing accuracy. To enhance user experience, the system introduces three key novelties: smart relative feature extraction, an anti-duplication hold system with a 1-second timer to prevent input spamming, and a non-blocking multithreaded audio execution (Daemon Thread) utilizing Google Text-to-Speech (gTTS), ensuring the webcam feed remains fluid during audio playback. Additionally, an alternative air-writing mode is integrated, utilizing geometric heuristics and PyTesseract OCR to read single drawn letters in the air. The results indicate that the proposed system operates swiftly and efficiently, bridging the communication barrier with a hardware-friendly approach.

Tinea favosa is a rare but destructive form of chronic dermatophytosis fungal infection. It is marked by the development of scutules (yellowish, cup-like crusts) and can lead to permanent cicatricial alopecia if not treated appropriately. Although its prevalence is decreasing globally, sporadic cases are still common in areas with poor sanitation. Trichophyton schoenleinii is the primary medical cause of Tinea favosa, but it can also be caused by Trichophyton violaceum or Microsporum gypseum. This report discusses a case involving a 7-year-old boy who exhibited classic clinical signs of favus. Diagnostic procedures included a physical examination, direct microscopic examination with 10-20% KOH solution, and culture on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) to identify the fungal species. Microscopic examination revealed branching and fragmented hyphae (arthrospores) and air tunnels within the hair shaft. Culture confirmed Trichophyton schoenleinii as the primary etiologic agent. The patient was treated with oral griseofulvin combined with ketoconazole cream for 8–12 weeks. Follow-up showed resolution of the crusts and cessation of the inflammatory process, although areas of fibrosis showed permanent hair loss.

Clean water availability is an essential component of hospital hygiene and sanitation operations, including hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, linen management, food sanitation, and infection prevention. RSUD Sumbersari Bantul Metro Selatan still relies on one bore well and has limited water storage without a permanent backup source. This study aimed to analyze the adequacy of clean water quantity and quality in supporting hygiene and sanitation operations at RSUD Sumbersari Bantul Metro Selatan in 2026. This study used a descriptive analytic design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, water discharge and consumption measurement, document review, and laboratory examination of clean water samples. The analysis compared water availability, water demand, unit-based distribution needs, and water quality with the standards of Ministry of Health Regulation Number 2 of 2023. The results showed that during January-March 2026, the hospital served 154 inpatients and 1,028 outpatients and had 151 staff members. The total clean water requirement was 715.44 m3/90 days, while the available water was only 414.00 m3/90 days, fulfilling 57.87% of the required amount. The average daily need was 7.95 m3/day, compared with the availability of 4.60 m3/day. High-risk service units, particularly inpatient care, emergency services, intensive care, CSSD, isolation, maternity care, laundry, and nutrition services, require priority water distribution. Laboratory testing found Escherichia coli and total coliform at 19 CFU/100 ml each, exceeding the required standard of 0 CFU/100 ml. In conclusion, the quantity and microbiological quality of clean water at RSUD Sumbersari Bantul have not adequately supported optimal hygiene and sanitation operations.

Air quality in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta has shown a concerning decline in recent years, largely due to high emissions from motor vehicles as the main source of pollution in urban areas. The Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta issued Governor Regulation Number 66 of 2020 concerning Exhaust Emission Testing for Motor Vehicles as a public policy instrument aimed at controlling air pollution. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the regulation from a public policy perspective and to identify supporting and inhibiting factors in its execution. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, supported by qualitative analysis of policy documents and reports on the implementation of emission testing. The results reveal that the implementation of the regulation has not been optimal due to limited emission testing infrastructure, low levels of public awareness and socialization, and inconsistent enforcement of administrative sanctions. Nevertheless, there are opportunities to improve policy effectiveness through strengthened inter-agency coordination, digitalization of monitoring systems, and increased environmental literacy among the public. Therefore, the success of emission control policy implementation is highly dependent on resource support, regulatory consistency, and community awareness, necessitating a comprehensive and continuous multi-stakeholder improvement strategy and stronger commitment.

The high dependence of national food on imported commodities, especially wheat, creates vulnerabilities in the aspect of National Food Security. This study examines the position and role of Modified Cassava Flour (Mocaf) Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Padi Village as a pillar of local food diversification and its implications from the perspective of Constitutional Law (HTN) on the internal sector (community, MSMEs, and Village Government). Mocaf, as a gluten-free cassava derivative product, has the potential to be a substitute for wheat flour. The research method used is Empirical Normative Law with a conceptual and legislative approach, reinforced by primary data regarding the operational model of MSMEs in Padi Village. The results of the study indicate that Mocaf MSMEs at the village level act as strategic legal subjects in realizing Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) and Law Number 18 of 2012 concerning Food. The implications of HTN are seen in the need for regulatory harmonization and strengthening village autonomy through budget policies and assistance that ensure the sustainability of production and marketing. The position of MSMEs demands stronger recognition of the internal role of villages in the national food governance structure.

Submarine pipelines are vital infrastructures in aviation fuel distribution, carrying high risks of operational disruption, safety issues, and environmental pollution. In 2025, the aviation fuel receiving submarine pipeline at Integrated Terminal Ampenan was deformed due to mechanical pulling by MT Anargya I, causing system shutdown. This incident created risks of seawater intrusion, marine pollution, and potential fuel shortages at Lombok International Airport. This study evaluates the effectiveness of applying a double-ended draining method combined with an oil bubble trap as a fast, safe, and sustainable solution for submarine pipeline repair. Using a case study and descriptive-analytical approach based on the Continuous Improvement Program (CIP), the research analyzed quality, cost, delivery, safety, environmental, and workforce aspects. The results showed the method effectively drained aviation fuel without seawater contamination, prevented marine spills, maintained fuel quality within specifications, and completed repairs before critical stock levels were reached. Additionally, it provided significant cost savings compared to emergency supply operations and achieved zero safety incidents and environmental pollution. The integration of double-ended draining and oil bubble trap proved to be an effective, adaptive innovation with strong potential for replication and standardization in other aviation fuel submarine pipeline systems.

Generators are one of the important auxiliary aircraft needed on ships for power generation. During the operation of a diesel generator, continuous rotation occurs resulting in friction and erosion of the moving parts. The supporting factor for the smooth running of a diesel engine is a lubrication system that is supported by good lubricating oil quality, besides that it also needs to be supported by an adequate and good cooling system. The use of lubricants is one of the most important factors to ensure the performance of diesel engines. The lubricant is in charge of maintaining the condition of the engine so that it remains stable. This study aims to analyze the effect of using lubricating oil beyond the operating hours limit on engine heat. Furthermore, it also discusses steps to ensure diesel engine temperatures remain normal. This research was carried out during the practice of sailing on a ship for approximately one year. This study uses a descriptive quantitative research method. The primary data obtained directly utilizes observation methods, and documentation. Secondary data was obtained from existing articles and journals. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. The results of this study show that the working hours of lubricating oil use have a significant influence on the increase in the temperature of diesel generator engines as evidenced by hypothesis tests on two engine units, namely AE1 and AE2. In the AE1 unit, a t-value of 18.467 with a significance of 0.000 was obtained, while in AE2 the t-value was 14.289 with a significance of 0.000. The significance value in both units is less than 0.05 so it can be concluded that the working hours of lubricated oil have a significant influence on the temperature of the genarato diesel engine on the ship.

Air transportation plays an important role in supporting mobility, tourism, and emergency activities such as medical evacuation and search and rescue (SAR). One of the essential supporting facilities for helicopter operations is a heliport, which must meet safety standards, including an adequate lighting system. This study aims to design an LED floodlight installation system for the Main Helipad of Fly Bali Heliport based on the international standard ICAO Annex 14 Volume II, while considering the corrosive coastal environmental conditions. The research method used is an engineering design approach with quantitative analysis of illumination requirements and current carrying capacity (CCC). Data were obtained through literature studies based on ICAO, FAA, and CAP 437 standards, as well as field observations. The design process includes determining the number and placement of floodlights, technical specifications, and electrical installation systems, including cable and protection selection. The results show that the configuration of four LED floodlight units is capable of producing a minimum illumination of 10 lux evenly across the TLOF and FATO areas in accordance with ICAO standards without causing glare. The use of Avlite AV-HL-FL floodlights with IP66 protection is suitable for coastal environments. The electrical installation system using NYY 2×2.5 mm² cables and a 2 Ampere MCB ensures system safety and reliability. Therefore, this design can enhance heliport operational safety and support optimal night operations.