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The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of degradation on mangrove forest ecosystems and analyze innovative strategies used to maintain the sustainability of these ecosystems. The method used is the literature review method, in which various sources of relevant scientific literature are systematically evaluated. The results of this study show that mangrove forest degradation has serious consequences for coastal ecosystems, including biodiversity loss, increased risk of natural disasters, and decreased water quality. However, various strategies have been developed to address these challenges, including ecosystem restoration, sustainable management, local community participation, and the application of modern technology. A thorough discussion of the findings reveals that the integration of these strategies can provide effective solutions in preserving mangrove forests and strengthening the resilience of coastal ecosystems. The practical implication of this study is the importance of adopting innovative strategies in environmental management, while future research directions include increasing collaboration among stakeholders and developing more advanced technologies to support sustainable mangrove forest conservation.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of natural materials as antimicrobial agents in the treatment of freshwater fish diseases, with the aim of offering a safer and more sustainable alternative to synthetic chemicals and antibiotics. Using the literature review method, this study analyzed relevant current scientific articles. Results showed that extracts of betel leaf, neem leaf, cinnamon essential oil, basil essential oil, aloe vera, and propolis had significant antimicrobial activity against freshwater fish pathogens such as Flavobacterium columnare and Aeromonas hydrophila. Betel leaf extract and cinnamon essential oil showed inhibition rates of up to 85% and 82%, respectively. The advantages of using natural ingredients include environmental safety, reduced risk of antimicrobial resistance, and immunostimulating effects in fish. However, challenges such as ingredient availability, cost, and standardization still need to be addressed. This study suggests the development of natural ingredient-based products, standardization and quality testing, further research, and training for fish farmers. Collaboration between stakeholders is also important to reduce dependence on antibiotics. In conclusion, natural ingredients have great potential as effective and environmentally friendly antimicrobial agents in freshwater fish health management.    

This study explores the role of sentiment analysis as a predictive tool for understanding and forecasting product launch success in the digital market. Sentiment analysis involves the classification of consumer sentiment expressed on social media platforms such as Twitter and Instagram, and it can significantly impact businesses by predicting consumer behavior and product performance. The research highlights the relationship between social media sentiment and product success, demonstrating that positive sentiment is strongly correlated with higher sales and consumer engagement, while negative sentiment can lead to declines. Machine learning models, including Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Random Forest, were employed to classify sentiment from large volumes of social media data and correlate it with product performance indicators such as sales volume and consumer interaction. The study found that sentiment analysis models were highly effective in predicting product success, with positive sentiment generally driving product profitability and negative sentiment posing a potential threat to brand reputation. Moreover, the analysis showed that social media sentiment provides real-time insights into consumer perceptions, enabling businesses to quickly adjust marketing strategies and product development plans. These findings underscore the importance of integrating sentiment analysis into product launch evaluations and strategic decision-making. Future research should explore the integration of sentiment analysis with other predictive market models and investigate the effects of fake reviews and post-purchase consumer behaviors on product success.

In the context of doing business and interacting with others, ethics plays a crucial role. Business ethics is not just an element, but a determinant of the success of a business. This study aims to investigate and analyze the role of Business Ethics in building consumer trust and satisfaction. The research method applied is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with a focus on journals that have been published from 2014 to 2023. The results of this study, namely: 1. Business ethics has a positive effect on consumer trust, 2. Business ethics has a positive effect on customer satisfaction.

The rapid growth of cross-platform applications has significantly increased the volume and diversity of sensitive user data processed across heterogeneous and distributed environments. Personally identifiable information, device identifiers, behavioral data, and financial information are routinely collected to support personalization, analytics, and service optimization. While these practices enhance application functionality and user experience, they also introduce substantial privacy risks, including unauthorized data access, device fingerprint–based re-identification, cross-user data leakage, and large-scale data breaches. These risks are further amplified by distributed processing architectures and extensive third-party library integrations commonly used in modern cross-platform systems. This study aims to systematically analyze privacy issues in cross-platform applications by examining the types of sensitive data involved, identifying dominant privacy threats, and reviewing state-of-the-art privacy-preserving mitigation strategies. A systematic literature-based methodology was employed, focusing on recent Scopus-indexed journal articles, conference papers, and book chapters. The analysis synthesizes findings using thematic categorization and a conceptual research framework that maps sensitive data sources to privacy threats and corresponding mitigation mechanisms. The results indicate that privacy risks in cross-platform applications originate not only from external attacks but also from internal architectural weaknesses, such as flawed authorization logic and excessive data sharing across system components. Privacy-preserving techniques including differential privacy, federated learning, blockchain-based data governance, secure multi-party computation, and fine-grained access control mechanisms are shown to provide stronger privacy guarantees compared to conventional centralized approaches. However, these techniques also present trade-offs related to system complexity and performance. Overall, the study highlights the importance of adopting a multi-layered, privacy-by-design approach to ensure sustainable, trustworthy, and regulation-compliant cross-platform application development.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based Decision Support Systems (DSS) have become a central component of digital transformation initiatives across various industries. While prior studies have primarily emphasized technical aspects such as accuracy, performance, and computational efficiency, less attention has been given to the integration of human-centered principles and scalable architectural design. This study aims to examine how AI-based DSS can be enhanced through the combined application of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI) principles and scalable AI architecture. Using a qualitative, literature-based research methodology, this study systematically analyzes peer-reviewed publications indexed in Scopus to identify key dimensions influencing the effectiveness and sustainability of AI-driven DSS. The findings indicate that technical capabilities alone are insufficient to ensure successful adoption and long term impact. Instead, transparency, explainability, ethical governance, and user empowerment core elements of HCAI are critical for fostering trust and user acceptance. Furthermore, scalable architectural principles, including modularity, interoperability, and adaptability, are essential for enabling AI-based DSS to operate reliably in large-scale and dynamic environments. This study contributes a unified conceptual framework that bridges technical scalability and human-centered design, offering theoretical insights and practical guidance for developing trustworthy, scalable, and sustainable AI-based Decision Support Systems in digital transformation contexts.

This study examines procyclicality and the Expected Credit Loss (ECL) model in IFRS 9, aiming to analyze the effectiveness of accounting policies in reducing financial instability. Using a qualitative literature review approach, this research reviews various studies related to the implementation of IFRS 9, particularly in the context of the recognition of expected credit losses. The ECL model is expected to reduce the impact of excessive economic cycles by accounting for credit losses from the outset, in contrast to the previous IAS 39 model. While there are challenges in the accuracy of loss estimates and varying implementation across countries, the findings suggest that IFRS 9 has the potential to enhance global financial system stability, provided it is applied carefully. The study also identifies several limitations that need to be considered for further research development.

This study aims to evaluate the application of a new methodology in investment decision-making, specifically using the regression tree approach on stock market indices. This approach is expected to enhance prediction accuracy and assist investors in making more informed investment decisions, especially in volatile and uncertain markets. Based on the literature review, regression trees offer advantages in identifying non-linear relationships between market variables that are often undetected by traditional models such as the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Despite its advantages, the application of regression trees also faces challenges, such as overfitting issues and the need for large and complex data. This study concludes that regression trees can improve investment decision-making, but careful attention is required regarding model tuning and data quality.

Character education is a central issue in Indonesian society, addressing concerns about educational inequality and the behavior of graduates. This article explores these issues and the diverse interpretations of the concept of "character education." Character, in linguistic and cultural contexts, is defined as fundamental traits, personality, and habits shaping behavioral patterns. Character education, involving religious, social, and cultural dimensions, aims to form virtues in thoughts, attitudes, and daily behavior. Schools, as formal educational institutions, play a crucial role in shaping students' characters. With a focus on cleanliness, discipline, and politeness, character-based schools are seen as creating a conducive educational environment. The research method employed is a literature review, gathering information from various sources. The findings emphasize the importance of a clear understanding of character education to address educational issues and build a solid moral foundation for future generations

The use of information technology, especially e-commerce, has brought about fundamental changes in the way business is conducted. This article presents a literature review of how business development can be achieved through implementing e-commerce strategies. E-commerce not only provides greater access to consumers but also opens up new opportunities for business actors to increase operational efficiency, optimize supply chains, and expand market share. The discussion began by detailing recent developments in e-commerce technology and their impact on business transformation. Next, the focus is placed on business development strategies that can be implemented by business people to optimize the benefits of e-commerce. This research highlights the importance of adaptation and innovation as key elements in facing changing market dynamics. By understanding the potential of e-commerce and implementing the right strategies, businesses can gain a significant competitive advantage and achieve long-term success.

This research aims to determine the performance of government procurement of goods and services using the Balanced Scorecard approach. By using the literature or literature study method, a technique for collecting data is by conducting a review study of books, literature, notes and reports that are related to this problem. Based on the research results, it shows that in general, the procurement performance can be considered quite good. Several aspects have been assessed positively. Financial performance shows a high level of budget realization and efficient use of resources. From a customer perspective, the level of customer satisfaction is also quite good, reaching 85%. Meanwhile, from an internal business process perspective, the efficiency of procurement of goods and services reached 95%. From a growth and learning perspective, efforts to improve performance have produced positive results.

Retirement is a phase which has to be faced by a worker in the completion of his work duties. The preparation of the process draws attention to the people who experience it or the stakeholders to provide policies on the retirement matters. This research aims to provide information about the factors which influence the welfare of life (wellbeing) in retirement. The current study used a literature review that involved nine journals that studied retirement. This research was conducted by searching for articles using an application called Publish Perish by using two keywords “Retreatment” and “Pension”. The crossref (cross   reference) search found that there are 5 journals from the keyword “Pension” and 10 journals from the keyword “retreatment”.  After the exclusion, nine journals were obtained according to the researcher’s desire. The result of this research shows the factors affecting the retirement’s wellbeing which are categorized by: psychology, economics, social, gender and health. Psychology deals with loneliness, anxiety, or negative psychological factors. Economics deals with income and financial support in retirement. Social problems are more related to relationships in the family and the people around them who support retirement. The health factor is always presented in every retirement situation because health becomes a big expense in retirement.

Cosmetics have varied purposes, including cleansing, increasing brightness, changing appearance, and protecting or maintaining certain conditions. The applicable cosmetics regulations are explained in the BPOM provisions, which mandate registration before cosmetics can be used by consumers. In this research, the results of two literature reviews are presented that support this statement. The first study by (Chandra Adi Gunawan Putra, 2023) shows that the need for state involvement in protecting consumers arises because of the power imbalance between business actors and consumers. The second study by (Ribka Amanda Dera, 2019) the regulation of cosmetic products has been regulated by BPOM number 12 of 2020 article 2 paragraph 1 which emphasizes that cosmetics producers must ensure that their products which will be distributed both domestically and abroad meet the criteria, safety and security standards. benefits, quality marking, and claims. The results of both studies show that the importance of terms and conditions related to cosmetics are under law and regulated in the Republic of Indonesia Constitution, the Health Law, provisions issued by the Minister of Health and decisions taken by the Head of the Republic of Indonesia Food and Drug Supervisory Agency and in BPOM regulations starting from formulation to product withdrawal. So that any party who commits an illegal act by producing or distributing pharmaceutical or cosmetic products without a permit will receive applicable sanctions in accordance with legal provisions.    

The development of modern companies often leads to overlapping functions between departments, such as the dualism of functions between Human Resources (HR) and financial accounting. This creates serious challenges in resource management and accounting that can impact the overall performance of the organization. Issues faced include overly simplistic financial recording due to HR's lack of expertise in accounting, as well as the risk of errors and data inaccuracies. This research aims to provide in-depth insights into the impact of HR and financial accounting dualism at PT. Segi Muda Bertiga and identify solutions to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of resource and financial management. The research method employs a qualitative approach, analyzing five main theoretical studies, including cash sales accounting systems, payroll and wage analysis, cash receipts, inventory, and purchases. Data is gathered through interviews, literature reviews, and document analysis.    

This study aims to conduct a literature review on previous research related to factors influencing employee turnover intention in human resource management. This research falls under the category of library research,. The analysis of theory and relationships between variables is carried out through journals obtained from sources such as Publish or Perish, Mendeley, Google Scholar, and e-books. The findings of the research indicate that employee competency levels have a positive impact on turnover intention, indicating that despite possessing high skills, factors such as employee motivation, salary satisfaction, and organizational climate also play a significant role in influencing turnover intention. Furthermore, work stress, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction were identified as factors having a negative impact on turnover intention. The study also underscores that a positive organizational culture can diminish turnover intention, emphasizing the need to consider other variables such as work environment, leadership style, and organizational commitment. Additionally, the research highlights emotional labor and burnout as significant factors, wherein heightened emotional exhaustion can amplify employees' inclination to leave their jobs. Subsequent research endeavors could explore contextual factors that may moderate or alter the relationship between the identified variables (such as competence, motivation, job satisfaction) and turnover intention.

This research delves into the formation of racial stigma and its impact on society, exploring the factors contributing to the emergence of discriminatory attitudes. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review approach, the study investigates historical, cultural, and institutional elements shaping racial perceptions. The analysis not only scrutinizes "how" racial stigma forms but delves into the "why" of discriminatory attitudes, encompassing historical, policy, and social norm influences. The research findings aim to contribute significantly to understanding the intricate interplay between racial stigma and its societal repercussions, identifying patterns that may be challenging to detect without a holistic overview.

Fiqh is not a revelation from heaven, but rather the result of ijtihad which is a product of human thought. Therefore, it is important to ask critical questions such as: who defined it, for what purpose, in what social context it was formulated, in which geographical area, and with what epistemological approach. These factors greatly influence the process of forming fiqh. In other words, fiqh was not born in a vacuum, but rather developed along with the course of history and was influenced by the dynamic interaction between thinkers and the socio-cultural and socio-political environment in which they were located. This article uses a literature review methodology to examine the historical and social dynamics in the formation of fiqh. Unfortunately, fiqh that is developing among Muslims today is still heavily influenced by medieval works, especially those from Middle Eastern scholars. This condition shows the need for renewal and reactualization of fiqh according to the context of the contemporary era and society.

This study examines the role of digital learning platforms in improving educational access and quality in developing countries. By reviewing case studies of online education initiatives, the research evaluates how digital platforms address common barriers such as teacher shortages, limited resources, and geographic isolation. Findings reveal that digital learning enhances educational equity, especially when supported by proper infrastructure and training for educators and students. The paper highlights key strategies for maximizing the potential of digital learning in resource-constrained environments.

Advances in artificial intelligence technology are increasingly being used to accelerate and improve the quality of various fields of work, including academic research. Referring to this, online training on the use of AI software for 287 lecturers from universities throughout Indonesia has been interactive. This 3-day training provides practical learning regarding the features and benefits of software such as Claude, GPT-3, and Elicit as well as Publish or Perish for literature review assistance; quantitative and qualitative data analysis; writing drafts of scientific articles; to editing published works. Post-training evaluation shows a significant increase in lecturers' digital literacy in utilizing artificial intelligence to accelerate the research cycle and publication of reputable journals. The enthusiasm of the participants shows the urgency of expanding similar programs so that lecturer competence is more competitive in the industrial era 4.0 to increase the productivity and quality of research and scientific work in higher education institutions in Indonesia.

This study aims to review the impact of tax avoidance on the debt maturity structure of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) based on existing literature. Tax avoidance provides MSMEs with the ability to improve short-term cash flow by reducing tax liabilities, which in turn allows for flexibility in managing debt, including extending debt maturity. With increased cash flow, MSMEs tend to rely more on debt as a financing source; however, they also face the risk of higher financing costs due to increased risk perceptions from lenders. The impact of tax avoidance on company reputation can also affect relationships with creditors, potentially leading to higher borrowing costs or difficulties in obtaining debt in the future. Although tax avoidance offers short-term benefits, MSMEs need to consider the potential long-term negative impacts, such as financial risks and reputational damage, when making debt management decisions. This study provides important insights for MSMEs in managing tax avoidance wisely, balancing financial benefits with the potential reputational impact.