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This study aims to analyze the language strategies used in promotional articles about Bedil Island tourism published in local Banyuwangi online media and how the language forms the representation of the image of the tourist destination. Bedil Island is one of the new tourist destinations that is developing and starting to be known to the wider community, especially through online media coverage. Through a qualitative approach with a literature study method, this study examines two promotional articles about Bedil Island tourism published by different local sites. The results of the analysis show that the language strategies used include the use of metaphors, local origin narratives, strong visual descriptions, and the insertion of quantitative data to build the credibility of the information. Phrases such as “Banyuwangi's Raja Ampat” and “hidden natural lagoon” play an important role in building the reader's imagination of the beauty and exclusivity of Bedil Island. The representation of the image of Bedil Island is also formed through a combination of emotional, ecological, and rational aspects presented in the text. This study shows that the language in promotional articles is not neutral, but is used strategically to shape the perception and image of the destination in the minds of the audience. Therefore, understanding the use of language in tourism promotion is important, especially in the context of sustainable local tourism development.

This study aims to identify various factors that influence language choice in communication, as well as to analyze how the use of appropriate language can have a positive impact on the success of message delivery. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using thematic methods. The results of the study indicate that success in delivering messages is greatly influenced by language choice, which depends on a number of factors, such as communication context, communication objectives, audience background and characteristics, media or communication channels, and relationships between speakers. The selection of appropriate language has been shown to improve message clarity, build emotional connections, strengthen the credibility of the communicator, avoid misunderstandings, and increase the appeal and memorability of the message. These findings emphasize the importance of choosing the right language in the communication process so that messages can be delivered effectively and easily understood as they should.

This study aims to analyze the language strategies used in promotional articles about Bedil Island tourism published in local Banyuwangi online media and how the language forms the representation of the image of the tourist destination. Bedil Island is one of the new tourist destinations that is developing and starting to be known to the wider community, especially through online media coverage. Through a qualitative approach with a literature study method, this study examines two promotional articles about Bedil Island tourism published by different local sites. The results of the analysis show that the language strategies used include the use of metaphors, local origin narratives, strong visual descriptions, and the insertion of quantitative data to build the credibility of the information. Phrases such as “Banyuwangi's Raja Ampat” and “hidden natural lagoon” play an important role in building the reader's imagination of the beauty and exclusivity of Bedil Island. The representation of the image of Bedil Island is also formed through a combination of emotional, ecological, and rational aspects presented in the text. This study shows that the language in promotional articles is not neutral, but is used strategically to shape the perception and image of the destination in the minds of the audience. Therefore, understanding the use of language in tourism promotion is important, especially in the context of sustainable local tourism development.

This study aims to identify various factors that influence language choice in communication, as well as to analyze how the use of appropriate language can have a positive impact on the success of message delivery. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using thematic methods. The results of the study indicate that success in delivering messages is greatly influenced by language choice, which depends on a number of factors, such as communication context, communication objectives, audience background and characteristics, media or communication channels, and relationships between speakers. The selection of appropriate language has been shown to improve message clarity, build emotional connections, strengthen the credibility of the communicator, avoid misunderstandings, and increase the appeal and memorability of the message. These findings emphasize the importance of choosing the right language in the communication process so that messages can be delivered effectively and easily understood as they should.

This research is analyzing types of code switching used by Livy Renata on Denny Sumargo Youtube Channel. In this research, the researchers analyzed three types of code switching, there are: estrasentential code switching, intersentential code switching, intrasentential code switching. Qualitative method research based on content analysis was watching the video, listening the audio, and identifying the code switching. After analyzing the data, the researchers found 38 data and the researchers got a result such as: extrasentential code switching have 6, intersentential code switching have 12, intrasentential code switching have 20.    

This study examines the cultural diversity of the Batak people in North Sumatra through a systematic literature review of three core pillars: language, traditions, and social systems. Findings reveal significant inter-sub-ethnic variations (e.g., Toba, Karo, Simalungun), including linguistic diversity (V-S-O structures in Toba vs. complex affixation in Karo), distinct rituals (such as Saur Matua and Manulangi Natuatua), and kinship systems rooted in the Dalihan Na Tolu philosophy. Amid positive dynamics like digitalization of traditional arts (Tortor Martonun) and gender transformations, Batak culture faces critical threats: symbolic desacralization (commodification of ulos textiles), kinship disintegration (atomization of Dalihan Na Tolu due to urbanization), and erosion of transcendental knowledge (extinction of Hata Andung rituals). The study recommends a community-based participatory research (CBPR) preservation model, integrating local content curricula and geographical indication certification. A key limitation is the literature bias toward the Toba sub-group, necessitating urgent comparative studies across sub-ethnicities and analysis of digital media’s impact on cultural transmission.

Nominal derivational suffixes are important to create new words, making communication more efficient. Nominal derivational suffixes can be found in novel, short story, or even animated movie. Some previous studies have focused only on written media, which limits the exploration of the use of nominal derivational suffixes in spoken language. This study aims to fill this gap by identifying the forms and the functions of nominal derivational suffixes found in the Elemental movie. To collect the data, this study applied documentation method and concordance technique. The data collected were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. The data then presented using formal and informal methods. The findings highlighted there were thirty words with nine forms of nominal suffixes. This showed how suffixes contribute to word formation, character speech, and meaning, offering insights for future studies or learners.

Lagu tidak hanya sebagai media hiburan tetapi juga sebagai sarana komunikasi yang mencerminkan emosi tekstual dan makna yang mendalam. Dalam konteks film, lagu digunakan sebagai original soundtrack (OST), memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan narasi dan mediasi emosional dari keadaan internal karakter. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis makna konseptual dan makna asosiatif dalam lirik lagu “Selalu Ada di Nadimu”, film animasi Jumbo. Lagu ini dipilih karena sangat puitis dan simbolis, dan diintegrasikan ke dalam tema film yang indah tentang cinta orang tua dan kekuatan batin. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif menggunakan teknik pembelajaran dokumen dan pendekatan dari aspek semantik berdasarkan pemahaman makna literal dan makna yang muncul dari pengalaman emosional dan budaya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan pentingnya 51 data penting konseptual, 14 asosiatif dan 5 lainnya yang memiliki makna keduanya, yang mencerminkan kedalaman pesan dan ikatan emosional. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa lirik lagu, khususnya dalam fungsi OST, memiliki potensi besar sebagai objek penelitian linguistik yang kompleks dan bermakna. Lagu dapat mencerminkan pengalaman internal manusia dan interpretasi media yang layak untuk analisis akademik.

This study explores the character development of Vianne Mauriac in Kristin Hannah’s historical novel The Nightingale, with a particular focus on how her moral progression is revealed through characterization. It aims to examine how direct and indirect characterization contribute to the portrayal of Vianne’s evolving moral reasoning under the pressure of wartime experiences. Employing a descriptive qualitative method, the analysis uses Rimmon-Kenan’s theory to identify characterization techniques and Kohlberg’s stages of moral development to interpret Vianne’s ethical transformation. The findings indicate that Vianne shifts from self-preserving and fear-driven decisions to socially conscious choices and ultimately to morally autonomous actions grounded in universal principles. Her characterization, through action, speech, appearance, and environment, functions not only to construct Vianne’s identity but also to trace her moral journey. Her development demonstrates how literature, particularly historical fiction, can reflect and explore complex ethical growth. The study contributes to understanding how characterization and moral development work together in shaping a compelling and morally resonant protagonist.

This study examines the portrayal of existentialist principles and characterization in Final Destination 5 (2011), directed by Steven Quale. The research aims to identify the methods of characterization used for the five main characters and explore how Sartrean existentialism is reflected in their struggles. Using a qualitative approach, the study applies Kenney’s method of characterization and Sartre’s existentialist framework to analyze key scenes, dialogues, and character interactions. Data was collected through repeated viewings of the film, with critical moments transcribed and categorized based on characterization methods and existential principles. The findings reveal that Final Destination 5 employs a mixed method, with the dramatic method being the most dominant, supplemented by character on other characters and contextual methods to develop psychologically complex main characters. Existentialist principles emerge strongly, particularly the idea that "existence precedes essence," as characters are stripped of predefined roles and forced to define themselves through desperate actions. The burden of freedom and responsibility is evident in moral dilemmas, while the confrontation between anguish and authenticity shapes their responses to impending death. Sam’s journey from fear to acceptance exemplifies Sartrean authenticity, whereas Nathan’s ethical crisis highlights the paradox of human freedom.  

This research is carried out to study the types and meanings of compound words found in Kendrick Lamar’s song lyrics on the GNX album. The main goal is to identify how the compound words are formed and to understand their meanings. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The theory from McCarthy (2002) is used to group the compound words into three types: noun compounds, verb compounds, and adjective compounds. To analyze the meanings, the study uses Booij’s (2007) theory, which explains two kinds of meaning in compounds: endocentric and exocentric. The data for this research are taken from all twelve songs on the album. The results show that the lyrics include all three types of compound words. The meanings found in the compounds include both endocentric and exocentric types. These findings are explained using simple written descriptions to give a clear understanding of the compounds found in the lyrics. The analysis shows that the lyrics contain many uncommon compound words, which shows the use of creative and modern language.

This study aims to explore the role of harakat in assisting beginner students at Pondok Pesantren Zainul Hasan Genggong in reading and understanding Arabic texts. Learning Arabic, especially for beginners, presents its own challenges, particularly in reading texts that use the harakat system. Harakat plays a crucial role in proper pronunciation and understanding the meaning of words. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, involving 1) seventh-grade students and 2) the arabic language teachers in that class. The results of the study show that harakat significantly helps students in understanding Arabic grammar, improving reading skills, and comprehending the meaning of texts. Additionally, internal factors such as physical health, as well as external factors like family conditions, also influence students' ability to read Arabic texts. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the use of harakat in teaching Arabic to beginners be maintained and enhanced.  

This study aims to analyze the skills of understanding Arabic letters and reports at Madrasah Nurul Istifadah and identify factors that influence students' understanding, the learning methods used, and the effectiveness of the strategies applied. Understanding skills in this context include the ability to recognize text structure, analyze content, and interpret formal language styles. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that group discussion strategies and repeated reading with gradual understanding proved effective in improving students' understanding of Arabic letters and reports. This strategy not only improves students' linguistic abilities, but also encourages cooperation, self-confidence, and critical thinking skills. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more contextual and effective Arabic language learning methods, especially in understanding formal texts.

This study explores the politeness strategies used in netizens’ comments on the policy of disbursing regional ASN teacher allowances across three social media platforms: Facebook, TikTok, and Instagram. The research is grounded in the growing phenomenon of public opinion expression in digital spaces, which often reflects varying levels of language politeness. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of politeness strategies used, examine the differences between platforms, and uncover the influencing factors. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the study applies Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory. Data were collected from user comments on a speech by President Prabowo Subianto regarding ASN teacher allowance distribution. The findings indicate that negative politeness and impoliteness strategies dominate across all platforms, with varying patterns. Facebook and TikTok featured more direct and sarcastic comments, while Instagram tended to display more indirect and polite expressions. Influencing factors include platform characteristics, the content of the speech, and the personal experiences of users. These findings contribute to digital pragmatics studies and offer practical insights for promoting ethical communication on social media.

This study examined the role of mobile-based language learning applications, particularly Duolingo, in supporting self-directed English language learning. Using a qualitative approach through literature review, this research analyzed various academic studies published between 2018 and 2024 that focused on the effectiveness of Duolingo in improving vocabulary, grammar, and learning motivation. The results indicated that Duolingo helped learners develop consistent study habits and fostered autonomy through its gamified features. In addition, the app offered a flexible and engaging learning environment. However, limitations were found in speaking skill development and social interaction, which the application did not fully support. Overall, Duolingo serves as a useful supplementary tool in learning English, but it should be combined with other methods for more comprehensive outcomes.

This study aims to analyze the figurative language used in the song lyrics of “Cause You Have To” by the American band LANY. Using a qualitative descriptive method, this research identifies and interprets various types of figurative language found in the lyrics, focusing on metaphor, simile, hyperbole, personification, symbolism, irony, allusion, and synecdoche. The findings reveal that these figurative devices play a significant role in conveying the emotional depth, psychological tension, and relational conflict expressed in the song. Metaphors and hyperboles dominate the lyrics, enhancing the emotional impact by illustrating themes of unreciprocated love, emotional detachment, and inner turmoil. For example, metaphors like “the silence is getting too cold” and hyperbolic expressions such as “I’d drive through the night” contribute to the song’s emotional intensity. The study concludes that figurative language is essential in shaping the narrative and emotional resonance of the song, allowing listeners to engage with the lyrics on a more personal and interpretive level. This research highlights the importance of figurative language in music and its role in deepening the listener’s emotional experience.

This study aims to explore the role of harakat in assisting beginner students at Pondok Pesantren Zainul Hasan Genggong in reading and understanding Arabic texts. Learning Arabic, especially for beginners, presents its own challenges, particularly in reading texts that use the harakat system. Harakat plays a crucial role in proper pronunciation and understanding the meaning of words. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, involving 1) seventh-grade students and 2) the arabic language teachers in that class. The results of the study show that harakat significantly helps students in understanding Arabic grammar, improving reading skills, and comprehending the meaning of texts. Additionally, internal factors such as physical health, as well as external factors like family conditions, also influence students' ability to read Arabic texts. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the use of harakat in teaching Arabic to beginners be maintained and enhanced.  

This study aims to analyze the skills of understanding Arabic letters and reports at Madrasah Nurul Istifadah and identify factors that influence students' understanding, the learning methods used, and the effectiveness of the strategies applied. Understanding skills in this context include the ability to recognize text structure, analyze content, and interpret formal language styles. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that group discussion strategies and repeated reading with gradual understanding proved effective in improving students' understanding of Arabic letters and reports. This strategy not only improves students' linguistic abilities, but also encourages cooperation, self-confidence, and critical thinking skills. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more contextual and effective Arabic language learning methods, especially in understanding formal texts.

This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to investigate how social media use impacts students’ understanding of social and cultural concept at SDN Sumingkir 02. The research subject are students in grades V and VI who actively use social media. To collect data, observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation were used. According to the research findings, various aspects of students lives are influenced by social media including learning behavior, social interactions, and communication patterns. Student interact more digitally than face to face, which can recude the quality of social relationships and increase risks such as anxiety, stress, and cyberbullying. Social media has positive benevits, such as increasing creativity and cultural knowledge, but excessive use without supervision can interfere with the development of students character and mental health. Therefore, parents and teachers must play an active role in guiding their students and improving their digital literacy.

This study aims to analyze and determine the types of figurative language in the lyrics of Anaheim by Niki Zefanya using a descriptive qualitative approach by presenting the object of analysis and explaining it. In this study, the author will analyze the types of figurative language used in the lyrics of Anaheim by Niki Zefanya and explain the meaning conveyed by the lyrics. The analysis results show that the use of figurative language in the song Anaheim is dominated by metaphors and hyperbole. The use of metaphors and hyperbole in this song conveys emotions, sadness, and feelings of guilt, which are successfully conveyed through the use of figurative language. Thus, figurative language enriches and beautifies language and provides creative expression for songwriters or other creators.