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The word bullying comes from English, namely from the word bull, which means a bull who likes to butt heads here and there. this term was eventually taken to describe a destructive act. Meanwhile, according to the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), the term bullying is the equivalent of bullying. Bullying comes from the word rundung which means to disturb, constantly bother, make trouble. Bullying means the process, method, act of bullying which can be interpreted as someone who uses force to hurt or intimidate people who are weaker than the perpetrator of the bullying (Sripurwaningsih, 2017). According to Kim et al (Anhar, 2014) online games are games where people can play at the same time via an online communication network (LAN or internet). Young (Andrew, 2017) stated that online games are games that are played online via the internet.

Changes in meaning are influenced by the development of the times due to several factors. Changes in meaning can also occur in the world of literature, because literature is created using the medium of language. Language is a social creation, one of the literary works is the novel. Lord Of The Rings let me be a goddamn whore. Dahlan is an interesting novel because the story is taken from the real events of a Muslim woman who was very devout worship and then became a prostitute. In the middle of the process of becoming a kaffah/total muslimah, hit by a storm of disappointment by the organization she adored so that she finally decided to get out/run away. It is in that empty state that falls into a black world. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in the form of amelioration in the novel God allow me to be a prostitute by Muhidin M. Dahlan. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research. The Data in this study are words derived from novel quotations, and the source of the data in this study is the novel God allow me to be a Whore By Muhidin M. Dahlan. Data collection techniques used in this study are read and record. Data analysis techniques by classifying data including amelioration, marking the words, analyzing the data in accordance with the Indonesian dictionary (KBBI) and making conclusions. The results of this study, found as many as 30 word forms that change the meaning of amelioration.

Changes in meaning are influenced by the development of the times due to several factors. Changes in meaning can also occur in the world of literature, because literature is created using the medium of language. Language is a social creation, one of the literary works is the novel. Lord Of The Rings let me be a goddamn whore. Dahlan is an interesting novel because the story is taken from the real events of a Muslim woman who was very devout worship and then became a prostitute. In the middle of the process of becoming a kaffah/total muslimah, hit by a storm of disappointment by the organization she adored so that she finally decided to get out/run away. It is in that empty state that falls into a black world. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in the form of amelioration in the novel God allow me to be a prostitute by Muhidin M. Dahlan. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research. The Data in this study are words derived from novel quotations, and the source of the data in this study is the novel God allow me to be a Whore By Muhidin M. Dahlan. Data collection techniques used in this study are read and record. Data analysis techniques by classifying data including amelioration, marking the words, analyzing the data in accordance with the Indonesian dictionary (KBBI) and making conclusions. The results of this study, found as many as 30 word forms that change the meaning of amelioration.

Currently, the world of education can be said to be facing a crisis of value as the development of the dynamics of community life. The world of education in this era faces complex problems that can hinder the achievement of educational goals. These problems arise either because of internal factors or external factors. This study uses empirical legal research methods that examine how the law works in society. Aspects of the study examined the causes of violence committed by parents to teachers and forms of legal protection for teachers who experience violence. The results found that: (1) the factors that make the perpetrators (parents) abuse the teacher caused by lack of socialization and coordination between the school and the parents. The lack of socialization and coordination makes the perpetrators (parents) angry and emotional so they think of mistreating the teacher. Lack of accurate information that makes parents misunderstand the treatment of teachers to their children while at school that causes parents to start emotions and abuse such as beatings. (2) efforts made as a form of protection against cases of abuse against teachers by parents of students are realized through preventive actions by appealing to the public to immediately report to the authorities in the event of a crime including the crime of abuse by unscrupulous parents of students against teachers in the school environment.Suggestions from this study: (1) it is expected that the government and all related agencies in terms of improving education through schools, it is good to teach teachers with methods adapted to the current global conditions, so that teachers can better answer the challenges of the times in terms of education and the condition of students then and now is very much different. (2) expected for all parties concerned, both the police, legal aid agencies, witness and victim protection institutions of the government and the community to continue to improve cooperation in an integrated manner in tackling the occurrence of crime, especially crime cases of abuse by unscrupulous parents of students against teachers.

This paper is based on the author's concern over the increasingly rampant events of human dignity decline. More of people are less aware of the nobility of their dignity as Imago Dei. The purpose of this writing is to make each individual aware himself as an individual who is able to respect and fight for their own dignity and the others, while also stopping damaging their own dignity and the dignity of others. The method used is a literature review. The author collects, reads, and understands various relevant sources and compiles them into a scientific paper. The results of this research illustrate that humans have a very noble dignity based on their identity as Imago Dei. Humans are bestowed by God with various privileges, such as mind, consciousness, and free will. Therefore, God entrusts humans as His co-workers in the work of creation, and God even gives them the mandate to maintain and guard other creations. Based on their existence, humans live in a trilogy of relationships, namely relationships with God, others, and the universe. Because humans, by their nature, humans are social beings and are the pinnacle of all of God's creations, everyone must respect their own dignity and that of other humans. Humans should live in an atmosphere of universal brotherhood, tolerance, dialogue and peace with each other and the universe.

Good preparation is essential for English event hosts to perform effectively. At a minimum, they should be able to read texts in English with confidence. Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an (TPA) "Nurul Yaqin" frequently organizes events to commemorate Islamic holidays. To further motivate students to engage more actively in their Qur'an studies, innovative activities are needed as part of these commemorations. Training students to become English Masters of Ceremony (MCs) can serve as a creative and motivational approach. This community service program aimed to train TPA students to host events in English. The program was conducted in-person and actively involved the students. The results showed a significant positive impact, as the students enjoyed the activity and demonstrated increased enthusiasm in participating.

Networking plays a crucial role in developing an entrepreneur's career. With a wide network, entrepreneurs can access various resources, business opportunities, guidance and support from investors that can accelerate the development of their business. In addition, networking contributes to building a professional image and trust, which are important factors for attracting customers and strategic partners. Solid interpersonal relationships also open up opportunities for creative collaboration and idea sharing, allowing entrepreneurs to face challenges more effectively. Whether through online or offline platforms, networking is a key strategic element in creating long-term success for an entrepreneur. In the current digital era, networking can be done through various platforms, either directly, such as attending conferences and business events, or online through social media and virtual communities. This process not only expands connections but can also provide an opportunity to understand industry trends and build competitive advantages. Therefore, networking is not just about building relationships, but is also one of the main strategies that can encourage long-term success and growth for an entrepreneur.

This study aims to optimize students' historical thinking skills through the School Environment Introduction Program at SMAN 1 Baros. This program is designed to improve students' understanding of history by developing critical, analytical, and interpretive skills in understanding historical events. The research methods used are literature studies and case studies. The results of the study indicate that students' historical thinking skills at SMAN 1 Baros are still low, which is caused by lecture-based learning and limited learning resources. This program focuses on developing an understanding of the concepts of time, space, and society, as well as the application of interactive and project-based learning to improve students' critical thinking skills. This optimization is expected to create a generation that thinks independently, creatively, and wisely in facing global and local challenges.    

The The aim of this study is to examine the migration pattern of the Minahasa people to the Netherlands over three generations, focusing on the economic aspect that became one of the main drivers of migration. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis that combines historical data, interviews and literature studies related to the migration phenomenon that occurred from the early 20th century to the present. The three generations of Minahasa migration to the Netherlands include: (1) the first generation that left during the colonial period, generally driven by employment factors and the role of the Netherlands as a colonial state, (2) the second generation that began to migrate in post-independence Indonesia, where economic and educational factors were the main considerations, and (3) the third generation that migrated with more diverse motivations, including the search for better economic opportunities and family reasons. The research found that economic migration was a very important factor in each generational phase, although personal motivations and socio-political developments in Indonesia and the Netherlands also played an important role. The impact of this migration is not only visible at the individual level, but also affects social and economic changes in both countries, both in terms of the integration of the Minahasa community in the Netherlands and their contribution to the economic development of the Netherlands. In addition, this study also highlights the differences in migration characteristics from generation to generation.The reasons for the Minahasa migrated to the Netherlands from the first generation to the present are as follows: (1) KNIL were soldiers of the Dutch East Indies Kingdom, some former KNIL soldiers from Minahasa chose to fly and migrate to the Netherlands. The interaction of culture, religion and language that lasted for a long time eventually gave birth to emotional closeness between immigrants, in this case the Dutch and the Minahasa. (2) The Netherlands and the Minahasa are closely related because Minahasa is the 12th province of the Netherlands. This made people loyal to Twapro choose to migrate to the Netherlands. (3) On Santa Claus (a celebration of Christmas welcoming day, which is celebrated by the Dutch and Minahasa residents), on December 5, 1957, the Indonesian government carried out a massive nationalization of assets belonging to the Netherlands, the embassy and consulate (Netherlands) was closed, and evacuation plans were prepared everywhere (massive expulsion of Dutch citizens out of Indonesia). At that time, not only Dutch citizens were forcibly evicted, but also many Minahasa people who migrated to the Netherlands on their own wishes and choices by boarding Dutch ships together to the Netherlands. (4) A movement involving Minahasa people occurred in 1958 which was Permesta. For a just and prosperous economy as well for a life that is safe, comfortable and peaceful. (5) The creation of the Jakarta Charter, which was signed on June 22, 1945. At this time, gradually, the Minahasa people migrated to the Netherlands because they were worried about their religion as a minority in their country. (6) Many Minahasa people have been displaced, as a result of the "prejudice" of some Indonesians towards them. In the post-Independence period of the Republic of Indonesia, there were prejudices against Christians. This prejudice was based on the a priori attitude of other groups who accused them of being Dutch 'sympathizers'. Because their religion is Christianity who came from the Netherlands and were educated by evangelists from the Netherlands. (7) Assimilate in the context of marriage. (8) The similarity of customs, customs, traditions, culture and beliefs between the Dutch and the Minahasa. There is a bright future in the exchange of personal stories between Minahasa people, migrated Minahasa and native Dutch who will understand each other much better. It is also hoped that the sciences in the fields of architecture, water management or agriculture, plantations and others will enable the Minahasa diaspora in the Netherlands to use them to develop and advance their Minahasa homeland, through hard skills and soft skills. There are many potentials and opportunities to tie and strengthen relations between the two countries.

This study aims to increase the author's knowledge and insight. While the goal is to collect and solve every problem found by researchers specifically describing the preservation of local Malay culture through extracurricular dance arts rentak bulian at Sma Negeri 1 Seberida Indragiri Hulu Regency. In this study, the researcher uses Sedyawati's theory (2007) which discusses protection, utilization, development. This type of research is qualitative. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The author made observations and then interviewed several sources. The author reviewed the documentation of the information data that the author had obtained. The results of this study indicate that in the implementation of dance extracurricular activities at Sma Negeri 1 Seberida. In the preservation of Rentak Bulian dance at SMAN 1 Seberida, protection is carried out by providing extracurricular dance activities, starting from costumes, make-up, properties are also preserved in the provision of this extracurricular activity, the development of preservation by presenting dance not only for healing ceremonies but also for entertainment events and competitions. As well as utilization to support student abilities and consciously introduce Rentak Bulian dance to the community so that the existence of the dance is not lost

This study aims to find out about . What is the mechanism for drafting regulations on changes to the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD). What are the implications and legal impacts on regulatory mechanisms for amending the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) which are not in accordance with statutory provisions. The method of data collection in this study was carried out by normative empirical, namely research that uses and processes primary data and side by side with secondary, empirical normative research is focused on the implementation of statutory (normative) legal provisions in action in every particular legal event that occurs in a society (empirical) related to the mechanism of Changes to the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget. The results of the study show that the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget, hereinafter abbreviated as APBD, is the regional government's annual financial plan that is discussed and agreed upon jointly by the local government and the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD), and stipulated by regional regulations/Perda. The APBD budget year covers a period of one year, starting from January 1 to December 31. The Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget consists of the Revenue Budget originating from Regional Original Revenue (PAD), which includes regional taxes, regional levies, regional wealth management results and the share of balancing funds, which includes Profit Sharing Funds, General Allocation Funds (DAU) and Funds Special Allocation. Also known as legitimate income such as grants or emergency funds. While the expenditure budget is the budget used for various purposes of carrying out government tasks in the region. The Regional Government submits a draft Regional Regulation concerning changes to the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) for the current fiscal year to obtain approval from the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) before the end of the fiscal year. After obtaining approval from the Regional People's Legislative Council (DPRD) regarding the draft regional regulation regarding the Revised Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD-P), then the process of evaluating and establishing the draft Regional Regulation concerning the Revised Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD-P) and the draft Regional Head Regulations regarding the translation of the Amended Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD-P) into Regional Regulations and Regional Head Regulations. There are two legal implications of the mechanism of the Amended Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD-P) regulations which are not in accordance with statutory provisions. First, all processes of a series of changes that do not meet the normative requirements cannot be followed up directly. Second, administratively, all types of regional government work programs originate from the remaining budget from the previous year. (APBD-P) as the legal basis

This study aims to determine the implementation of the karawitan extracurricular program at MA Al-Muttaqien Pancasila Sakti Klaten. To determine the instillation of Islamic religious education values through the karawitan extracurricular program at MA Al-Muttaqien Pancasila Sakti Klaten. To determine the results achieved in the instillation of Islamic Religious Education values through the karawitan extracurricular program at MA Al-Muttaqien Pancasila Sakti Klaten. This type of research is qualitative research, which is a study aimed at describing and analyzing phenomena, events, social activities, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, thoughts of people individually or in groups. This study has two objectives, namely, the first to describe and reveal and the second to describe and explain. The type of research used in this thesis is field research, which is a type of research that seeks to collect information data regarding problems in the field. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews and documentation. The location of this research is at MA Al-Muttaqien Pancasila Sakti Klaten. The subjects of this study were the Principal of MA Al-Muttaqien Pancasila Sakti Klaten, the instructor of the karawitan extracurricular program of MA Al-Muttaqien Pancasila Sakti Klaten, the Islamic Religious Education Teacher of MA Al-Muttaqien Pancasila Sakti Klaten and the students of MA Al-Muttaqien Pancasila Sakti Klaten. The results of this study are that the karawitan extracurricular program at MA Al-Muttaqien Pancasila Sakti Klaten aims to preserve Javanese culture, especially karawitan. The implementation of the karawitan extracurricular program at MA Al-Muttaqien Pancasila Sakti Klaten is attended by students of grades X and XI which is carried out routinely once a week every Monday. Learning is carried out both in theory and practice. Supporting factors for the implementation of the karawitan extracurricular program include teachers who are competent in their fields, student interest or enthusiasm, and the existence of a karawitan extracurricular program implementation schedule. The obstacles are the facilities and infrastructure that are not yet complete. instilling the values of Islamic Religious Education through the extracurricular gamelan program at MA Al-Muttaqien Pancasila Sakti Klaten has 3 aspects, namely faith, morals and worship.

This study aims to examine the structure of the presentation of Barzanji at the Aqiqah event in Batu Hampa, Koto XI Tarusan District, South Coast, with a focus on the regilius elements and local culture integrated in this ritual. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, data were collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews with artists, religious leaders, and local communities, as well as visual documentation of the Aqiqah event. The results of the study show that the structure of presenting Barzanji consists of five main stages: preparation, opening, reading of the Barzanji text, joint prayer, and closing. The preparation stage involves arranging the venue and inviting religious leaders and the surrounding community. The reading of the barzanji text is carried out alternately by the artists. The joint prayer, led by Ustaz, became the core of the event with the aim of asking for blessings for the newborn. The event ended with a meal together as a symbol of gratitude and togetherness. The reading of Barzanji in the context of Aqiqah not only functions as a religious ritual, but also strengthens social and cultural relations in the community, and as a religious ritual this event is also a means of educating Islamic values for the younger generation and strengthening social ties in the community. This research provides new insights into the importance of preserving the Barzanji tradition in West Sumatra which is rich in regilian and cultural values.

Prophet Muhammad SAW, was a religious leader and state leader who had a commendable personality. He is the best role model (uswatun hasanah) for Muslims throughout the Islamic world. Through the Islamiyah da'wah organization, the Prophet was able to change the course of history and greatly influence the development of Islamic broadcasting from the jahiliyah (pre-Islamic) era to the era of Islamic civilization. The mission of Rasulullah SAW during the Mecca to Medina period was aimed at forming a pluralistic Muslim personality (in Mecca) as an absolute element of building an Islamic government in Medina where the community of Medina residents was plural. Pluralism in Medina was reflected in the existence of differences in religion, ethnicity and class and to create tolerance between each other through the Islamic da'wah organization. The Prophet's success in building a government was marked by the creation of the Medina charter as a law that regulated the plural community of Medina residents. This was despite his efforts in fighting for and preaching Islam, so that he was known as a highly respected Messenger and received sympathy from Muslims in Mecca - Medina at that time and the Islamic world in general. This study aims to reveal the events of the Prophet Muhammad's migration, the factors that caused it, its impacts, and the lessons that contributed to the formation of Islamic society. The research method used in this research is the method This descriptive study uses literature as a data collection tool. The analysis used is data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show; (1) That in the da'wah journey there are strategies so that the da'wah conveyed can be accepted, (2) the importance of knowing the important elements in da'wah activities to describe the journey of the Prophet's da'wah according to Islamic history (Mecca - Medina period).

The level of knowledge of the patient's family in the Stroke Unit at RSUD dr. Soediran Mangun Soemarso regarding "Prevention of Decubitus in Bedrest Patients in the Stroke Unit of Dr. Soediran Mangun Sumarso Wonogiri Hospital" is still quite low. Therefore, the group carried out PKM health education regarding the prevention of decubitus ulcers in bedrest patients in order to increase the knowledge of the patient's family in the Stroke Unit of RSUD dr. Soediran Mangun Soemarso Wonogiri. The activity target to be achieved from this activity is 100% of patient families in the Stroke Unit of RSUD dr. Soediran Mangun Soemarso Wonogiri who attended the event knew and understood how to prevent decubitus ulcers in bed rest patients.

Hijrah is a monumental event in Islamic history, not only marking the Prophet Muhammad's move from Mecca to Medina, but also a symbol of profound spiritual and social transformation. The Quranic verses that narrate the hijrah, in addition to being a historical record, also contain universal meanings that are relevant to this day. This study aims to examine the meaning and relevance of the interpretation of Quranic verses about hijrah in the context of modern life. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach to collect information from various sources.  Hijrah refers to the departure of the Prophet Muhammad SAW from the city of  Mecca to the city of Yastrib, which is now known as Medina. Hijrah started from the Prophet Muhammad SAW from Mecca to Medina.  In Mecca, Muslims experienced systematic oppression by the polytheists, who ruled the region. Then Prophet Muhammad migrated to Medina due to increasing oppression in Makkah, which made the Muslims suffer. The Quranic verses on hijrah describe the process of change and struggle in building an independent and sovereign Muslim community. Interpretation of the verses on hijrah not only focuses on the historical aspects, but also emphasizes the meaning and values contained therein. A deep understanding of the interpretation of the verses about hijrah provides inspiration and motivation for Muslims to live a meaningful and meaningful life.    

Children are the future generation of the nation that must be protected, especially when dealing with the law. Law enforcement against perpetrators of drug abuse crimes committed by children has been effective. Drug abuse has a very bad impact on the continuity of a nation's generation. To anticipate this, cooperation is needed from all components of society, such as families, from school to university level, and the government must unite in efforts to prevent narcotics in the surrounding environment. Using the perspective of Law Number 35 of 2009, this study attempts to analyze how narcotics crimes committed by children are prosecuted legally. Drug abuse is a serious crime that can endanger the security and sovereignty of the state, as well as the growth and future of the state, according to a normative legal approach that includes analysis of laws and regulations and previous events. Illegal drug use is prohibited, according to Law Number 35 of 2009. Research findings show that, despite the need for legal action against children who use drugs, the juvenile criminal justice system uses Restorative Justice strategies along with the concept of diversion to protect children from stigma.

This research aims to create a clean and beautiful environment in Hutanamora Village through gotong royong activities, which increase the value of togetherness and care for the environment. The research used a participatory approach that actively involved the village community in the planning, implementation and evaluation of events. Environmental cleaning, waste management, and greening of the village's strategic areas were the focus of the gotong royong program. The results showed that gotong royong not only improved the cleanliness and beauty of the environment but also increased the sense of unity and cooperation among residents. In addition, the community is increasingly aware of the importance of protecting the environment. So, gotong royong is a great solution to make the environment clean and beautiful. It also builds the character of a community that cares and is responsible for environmental sustainability.

The Suez Canal has played a significant role in assisting and expediting the delivery of heavy goods on cargo ships from Asia to Europe, accommodating 12 percent of total global trade. The Suez Canal is a very important source of foreign currency for Egypt, a country that is still grappling with a variety of long-standing economic problems. Since October 2023, Yemen's Houthi group has been targeting ships in the Red Sea that it claims are connected to Israel in solidarity with Palestinians facing Israeli attacks in the Gaza Strip. This ongoing tension in the Red Sea not only impacts the Suez Canal, but also the maritime transportation market, trade movements, and international supply chains, as taking alternative routes means increasing shipping time and operating costs. Despite its important role as an international shipping lane, The Suez Canal has experienced a decline in status on the global stage due to various geopolitical events and economic crises that have occurred. This study aims to analyze the reciprocal relationship between international market dynamics and the strategic role of the Suez Canal. The chapter begins with an analysis of the impact of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict on international trade flows through the Suez Canal, followed by a discussion of the impact of the global economic crisis and conflict mitigation efforts on maritime security of shipping traffic. Finally, this chapter provides solutions that can be offered from the perspective of maritime security theory and international conflict theory.

Talking about education cannot be separated from the family environment. A harmonious family life is built with a good interaction system, so that education in the family runs conducively. Parents are figures who serve as examples for their children. The good and bad of children in the future depends on the role of parents in educating them. This research aims to describe: 1) Parental programs in instilling discipline in early childhood. 2) Steps taken by parents in instilling discipline in young children. 3) Motivation of parents in instilling discipline in young children. This research uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. to find out and describe the reality of the event being studied so as to make it easier to obtain objective data.  Based on the results of research at RA Ash-Sholihah, Medan Johor District, parents gave appreciation as a form of motivation for children's disciplinary attitudes in implementing the rules made. Then provide motivation in the form of words of praise like a great child, giving appreciation in the form of awards or prizes.