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This study analyzes the urgency of digital expert testimony in strengthening the validity of electronic evidence in civil procedure law amid rapid technological transformation. The increasing use of digital communications, electronic transactions, and online documentation has given rise to new evidence in civil disputes, while its intangible and easily manipulated nature raises doubts about its authenticity and reliability. This study will focus on Decision Number 439 B/Pdt.Sus-Arbt/2016. The study relies on primary legal sources, legislation, court decisions, and secondary legal literature analyzed qualitatively. The findings show that electronic evidence is legally admissible when it meets the requirements of accessibility, integrity, authenticity, and accountability, but its probative value is highly dependent on technical validation. In the case analyzed, the petitioner's challenge to print the chat evidence was rejected because the allegations of manipulation were unsubstantiated and no expert testimony was presented to support the claim. This shows that expert testimony plays a decisive role in explaining technical aspects beyond the knowledge of the court and in strengthening the court's conviction. This study concludes that digital experts serve as a bridge between technological complexity and legal assessment, ensuring that digital evidence is evaluated objectively. The implication for courts and related parties is must prioritize the involvement of experts to promote legal certainty, factual truth, and fair dispute resolution.

Toxoplasmosis is a disease transmitted from animals to humans, caused by the protozoan parasiteToxoplasma gondii. The Toxoplasma gondii parasite has infected more than 60% of the world's population and2-51% in Indonesia. Women of childbearing age (15-45 years) are one of the risk groups for the transmission of infection by the Toxoplasma gondii parasite. A person's knowledge is influenced by various factors such as level of education, information, environment and culture. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of knowledge on prevention of toxoplasmosis in women of childbearing age in Lhokseumawe City. This research is a type of descriptive analytic research with a cross-sectional time approach. Samples were taken using a purposive sampling technique from women of childbearing age in Uteunkot Village and Kuala Meuraksa Village. The sample size was determined using the Snedecor & Cochran formula and the minimum sample size was 62 respondents in Uteunkot Village and 62 respondents in Kuala Meuraksa Village. The results of this study indicate that the majority of respondents in Uteunkot Village have a less knowledge level of 43.5% and the majority of respondents in Kuala Meuraksa Village also have a less knowledge level of 85.5%. Data analysis used the Mann-Whitney test. The results of statistical analysis showed a p value <0.05. The conclusion of this study is that there are differences in knowledge of toxoplasmosis prevention in women of childbearing age in rural villages and urban villages.

Umbilical cord infection remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among newborns, particularly in areas where knowledge and health practices are still limited. Padellegan Village is one of the regions where some mothers continue to practice traditional cord care methods, such as using herbal mixtures or non-sterile materials, which increases the risk of omphalitis. Initial situation analysis indicates that 40–60% of postpartum mothers are not yet familiar with the principles of clean and dry cord care (dry cord care), and access to accurate health information is still limited. Based on this condition, education on umbilical cord care is essential to improve mothers’ and health cadres’ understanding and skills in preventing neonatal infections. This community service activity focuses on providing evidence-based education regarding safe cord care techniques, infection risk factors, and danger signs that need to be recognized. Padellegan Village was selected due to the high need for maternal–neonatal health education and the low level of community knowledge related to cord care. This activity is expected to bring positive changes, such as improved maternal behavior in performing proper cord care, reduced use of unhygienic traditional methods, and strengthened roles of health cadres in monitoring neonatal health. Enhancing appropriate cord care practices can reduce the risk of infection in newborns, thereby contributing to improving the overall health status of the community in Padellegan Village.

The development of academic writing skills among university students remains a serious challenge in higher education, particularly in Indonesian language courses that are often perceived as theoretical and procedural. This study aims to reconstruct Indonesian language learning through an Outcome Based Education (OBE) approach to strengthen students’ scientific writing skills at Universitas Muhammadiyah Maumere. Employing a qualitative research design, data were collected through classroom observations and in-depth interviews with students and lecturers over a three-week period. The findings reveal that OBE based learning encourages clearer learning objectives, increases students’ awareness of academic writing standards, and fosters reflective and critical writing practices. Students demonstrated improved understanding of scientific text structures, argument development, and academic language conventions. Furthermore, the learning process shifted from teacher centered instruction to a more participatory and student oriented model, allowing students to actively construct knowledge through observation, discussion, and writing practice. The study also highlights that the integration of contextual learning and continuous feedback plays a crucial role in enhancing students’ confidence and motivation in academic writing. These findings imply that OBE based Indonesian language instruction can serve as an effective pedagogical strategy to cultivate academic literacy, critical thinking, and responsible scholarly attitudes among university students. The study recommends broader implementation of OBE principles in language education to support sustainable improvement in higher education learning outcomes.

This article proposes wasathiyah—a balanced Islamic ethic grounded in the maqasid al-shari‘ah—as a practical framework for East–West civilizational dialogue. It critiques “clash of civilizations” narratives for reducing cross-cultural relations to identity antagonism, while historical experience points to more complex patterns of exchange, negotiation, and mutual correction. By using maqasid as a normative compass, dialogue is oriented toward publicly verifiable aims: safeguarding human dignity, advancing justice, protecting reason and knowledge, strengthening social cohesion, and promoting sustainable governance. The discussion draws on Nahdlatul Ulama’s tradition of Aswaja An-Nahdliyah and contemporary discourse on fiqh al-hadlarah (civilizational jurisprudence) to formulate an indicator matrix across key domains—education, law and human rights, economy, media, and emerging technologies (including AI)—along with a 3–5 year implementation roadmap and risk-mitigation strategies. The article concludes by highlighting implications for Islamic education, particularly academic integrity, digital-ethical literacy, and interdisciplinary projects oriented to the public good (maslahah).

Health issues are complex and require new ideas for their resolution. Public health focuses on disease prevention, health promotion, and physical, mental, and social therapy. Maternal and Child Health (MCH) and women’s health throughout their life cycle are crucial public health issues as they have a significant impact on the quality of human resources in a generation. In Pukdale Village, East Kupang District, Kupang Regency, problems such as the lack of knowledge among pregnant women about Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED), pregnancy anemia, Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF), balanced nutrition, and weaning have been identified. To address these issues, a Community Midwifery Care program based on community service was carried out, which included counseling, training, demonstrations, and simulations. The results of this activity showed a positive response and active participation from the community in Pukdale Village in the programs implemented by the students. There was a significant improvement in the knowledge of pregnant women about CED, pregnancy anemia, EBF, as well as the knowledge of mothers of infants about balanced nutrition and weaning. This is expected to improve the overall health status of the community in the village.

This research examines the behavior of local communities in Teluk Bakau, Bintan, in managing marine resources through the practice of nesting, which represents an important form of local wisdom that has been passed down through generations. The background of this research is the increasing challenges faced by Indonesia's coastal areas, including marine pollution, environmental degradation, and the impacts of climate change on coastal ecosystems. The aim of the study was to understand community behavior patterns in nesting activities and to analyze their impact on the sustainability of the marine ecosystem. The methods used included structured observations supported by purposive and random sampling techniques to obtain representative data. The results showed that the community conducts nesting activities during low tides; however, yields have decreased due to pollution and unstable market prices. In addition, community knowledge regarding the ecological benefits of seagrass ecosystems remains limited. The conclusions emphasize the importance of education programs and sustainable marine resource management to enhance environmental awareness and improve the welfare of local communities.

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the most common health problems among elementary school-aged children and contributes to a high morbidity rate. One of the contributing factors to ARI is the low implementation of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (CHLB) as an early preventive measure. This community service activity was conducted at State Elementary School 18 Dewantara, Aceh Utara District, targeting 10 fifth-grade students. The method used in this activity was health education through interactive lectures and discussions, accompanied by a pre-test and post-test evaluation using questionnaires. The materials provided included the definition of ARI, risk factors, and the implementation of CHLB such as proper handwashing, personal hygiene maintenance, and correct coughing and sneezing etiquette. The results showed an increase in students’ knowledge after the educational session, with the average score rising from 78% to 88%, indicating an improvement of 10%. This demonstrates that the educational method used was effective in improving students’ understanding of ARI prevention. This activity is expected to foster clean and healthy habits among elementary school students and support promotive and preventive health efforts in the school environment.

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) is a promotive and preventive effort aimed at improving the level of public health. The Baduy indigenous community in Leuwi Damar, Kanekes Village, Lebak Regency, Banten Province has local wisdom and traditional lifestyles that influence daily health practices. However, limited access to information and health services is a challenge in implementing PHBS optimally. This article aims to describe the implementation of PHBS education in the Baduy Leuwi Damar community and its impact on community knowledge and attitudes. The method used is a descriptive approach with educational activities through counseling, discussion and simple demonstrations adapted to local culture. Educational material includes personal hygiene, clean water management, environmental sanitation, and healthy living behavior in daily life. The results of the activity showed an increase in public understanding regarding the importance of personal and environmental hygiene, as well as the emergence of a positive attitude towards implementing PHBS without eliminating the traditional values adhered to. PHBS education carried out using a simple cultural and communication approach is considered effective in increasing the health awareness of the Baduy community. Therefore, health education programs based on local wisdom need to continue to be developed as a strategy to improve the health of indigenous communities. .(Riset Kesehatan Dasar,2019).

The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Dompu Regency is still relatively high. Directly, this is caused by hypertension, COVID-19, etc., while indirectly, it is caused by reproductive status or four too (4T), namely too young, too old, too close together, and too many children. This research focuses on indirect causes that are often not overlooked, namely, to describe the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about 4T at the Matua Village Health Post in the Dompu Barat Health Center working area. This research is a quantitative research with a descriptive design. The population in this study were all pregnant women who had their pregnancies checked at the Matua Village Health Post in the Dompu Barat Health Center working area. Samples were taken using a total sampling technique from June to August 2023 with 40 people. Data collection techniques in this research were through interviews and filling out questionnaires. This research showed that the respondents' knowledge about 4T risks was mainly in the poor category. Namely, 18 respondents (46%), and the least was in the good and sufficient category, namely 11 respondents (27%) each. Respondents' attitudes about the risks of 4T mainly were in the harmful category, namely 31 respondents (78%). Meanwhile, nine respondents (22%) showed negative attitudes. Based on the research results, it was concluded that the knowledge of pregnant women at the Matua Health Post in the Dompu Barat Health Center working area was mostly in the poor category. Meanwhile, most mothers' attitudes are in the harmful category.

Community service with the theme of Expired Date (ED) and Beyond Use Date (BUD) aims to improve knowledge and understanding of proper medication storage as an effort to enhance the health of the Gagak Sipat community. Knowledge about medication usage limits and checking product expiration dates educates the public to be more cautious and to avoid health risks that may arise from consuming products that have exceeded their usage period or have expired. The use of medicines beyond their ED and BUD indicates that the drugs may have experienced reduced stability related to storage conditions. Decreased stability of pharmaceutical preparations can affect their physical quality, which in turn impacts the effectiveness and safety of the medication. The educational method used in this program included lectures accompanied by the distribution of leaflets, followed by practical simulations on checking ED and calculating BUD for various dosage forms. The results of this educational activity showed that community members were able to determine the ED and BUD for several pharmaceutical preparations such as tablets, powders, capsules, syrups, eye drops, ear drops, and others. The community in Gagak Sipat village gained an understanding of the risks associated with using medications beyond the BUD, including reduced effectiveness, the risk of microbial contamination, and potentially harmful chemical reactions. It was emphasized that some medications that are expired or used beyond their BUD can pose more serious health risks, especially when used to treat severe diseases.

This study examines the philosophy of Islamic education in the thought of Imam Al-Ghazali, focusing on educational objectives, philosophical foundations, curriculum, educational methods, and their relevance to contemporary education. Al-Ghazali views education as an integral process that is not merely oriented toward intellectual development, but also toward moral formation and the purification of the soul in order to attain true happiness (Sa‘adah) in both worldly life and the hereafter. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through library research by analyzing Al-Ghazali’s major works, such as Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din, Ayyuha al-Walad, and Mizan al-‘Amal, as well as relevant supporting literature. The findings indicate that Al-Ghazali rejects the dichotomy between religious and worldly sciences, as reflected in his concept of fard ‘ain and fard kifayah, which are complementary and interconnected. His educational curriculum is integrative and oriented toward public benefit, while his educational methods emphasize habituation, exemplary conduct of educators, and the process of Tazkiyat Al-Nafs (self-purification). Al-Ghazali’s educational philosophy remains relevant in addressing contemporary moral crises by offering a philosophical foundation for forming the insan kamil a complete human being who is intellectually knowledgeable, morally upright, and spiritually grounded.

Empowering pregnant women in their third trimester through Respectful Maternity Care-based childbirth preparation counseling is a relevant promotive and preventive strategy for improving maternal health. This counseling not only provides knowledge about the signs of labor, stages of labor, pain management options, and birth planning, but also equips mothers with an understanding of their rights in midwifery care. Childbirth preparation education often focuses solely on clinical aspects and fails to fully address the psychosocial aspects and the rights of mothers as service recipients. This has the potential to lead to an unpleasant childbirth experience and even contribute to disrespect and abuse during labor. This counseling can equip mothers with an understanding of their rights in midwifery care. With an empathetic, participatory, and woman-centered approach, pregnant women are expected to be able to recognize their needs, convey their preferences, and communicate effectively with health workers. The purpose of this counseling is to improve pregnant women's knowledge before and after being empowered in their third trimester through Respectful Maternity Care-based childbirth preparation counseling.

According to Al-Ghazali, Islamic education is education that strives to form a perfect human being, both in this world and in the hereafter. According to Al Ghazali, humans can achieve perfection if they are willing to strive to seek knowledge and then practice fadhilah through the knowledge they have learned. According to Al Ghazali, the main goal of Islamic education is to obey Allah the Creator, and the most perfect human being in his view is a human being who always draws closer to Allah. This goal seems to have religious and moral nuances, without ignoring worldly problems. The method used to classify al-Ghazali into two parts: First, the special method of Religious education, this special method of religious education has an orientation towards knowledge of faith because religious education in reality is more difficult than other education, because religious education involves intuitive problems and focuses more on the formation of students' personalities. Second, the special method of moral education, Al-Ghazali said: "Just as a doctor, if he gives his patients only one kind of medicine, will surely kill most of the sick people, so too a teacher, if he shows his students the way with only one kind of practice, will surely destroy their hearts.

Public health is a crucial aspect of national development and is influenced by dietary consumption patterns. In Indonesia, the consumption of preserved foods has increased alongside lifestyle changes, economic conditions, and access to processed and packaged foods. Although preservatives function to extend shelf life, their improper use particularly hazardous substances such as formaldehyde, borax, and rhodamine B can have adverse health effects. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to high preserved food consumption, analyze their impact on public health, and examine weaknesses in Indonesia’s food monitoring system. The research employs a qualitative method through a literature review of scientific articles, reference books, and official reports from the National Agency of Drug and Food Control and the Ministry of Health. The findings indicate that preserved food consumption is influenced by a preference for convenience, economic constraints, and limited public knowledge of nutrition and food safety. Health impacts include digestive disorders, decreased immunity, impaired organ function, and an increased risk of chronic diseases. In addition, limited resources and weak law enforcement contribute to suboptimal food supervision. Therefore, strengthening regulatory oversight, enhancing public education, and promoting cross-sector collaboration are necessary to achieve a safe and healthy food system.

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has opened significant opportunities to support maritime monitoring systems, particularly in detecting anomalies in ship movements that may indicate illegal or abnormal activities. However, the understanding and utilization of this technology among the general public and maritime stakeholders remain limited. This Community Service Program aims to conduct socialization and dissemination of knowledge on AI-based ship anomaly detection through the development and utilization of an interactive and informative web-based socialization platform. This activity is the result of collaboration between a team of lecturers from the Faculty of Communication and Informatics Technology (FTKI) and the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). The implementation methods include the design of web-based educational content, presentation of fundamental AI concepts and ship anomaly detection, as well as visual simulations of ship movement data analysis results. The web-based socialization platform serves as an educational medium to enhance users’ understanding of the benefits, working mechanisms, and potential applications of AI technology in maritime surveillance. The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding of ship anomaly detection concepts and the role of artificial intelligence in supporting maritime security and safety. This PKM activity is expected to promote technological literacy, strengthen synergy between academia and research institutions, and serve as a model for practical and sustainable web-based technology socialization

Skin aging is a natural process that cannot be avoided, but it can be slowed down through proper skin care. The use of natural face masks is one of the safe, affordable, and relatively non-invasive treatment alternatives without long-term side effects. The bandotan plant (Ageratum conyzoides L.) is a weed that grows wild in the Cemani Village area, Sukoharjo Regency. Although often considered worthless, this plant actually contains active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have the potential to be antioxidants. Therefore, this service activity aims to provide counseling and training to the people of Cemani Village regarding the manufacture of face masks made from bandotan plants. This program is carried out with several procedural stages, starting from the interpretation of problems on the land, followed by the preparation of the timeline for the implementation of activities, then counseling and ending with a workshop session on the procedure for making antiaging masks for bandotan herbs. The program ended with an assessment of the evaluation of the activities. This activity was attended by 20 participants of the Cemani village PKK mobilization team. Based on the pretest and posttest scores, there was an increase in public knowledge about the program carried out with an average of 80 pretests and an increase in the average percentage of posttest scores up to 95.83. In the assessment of the questionnaire, public satisfaction with the implementation of the activity was classified as very satisfied with a score of 92.67.

This study aims to analyze the influence of tax knowledge and tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance, as well as assess the role of taxpayer awareness as a moderation variable in individual taxpayers (WPOP) in West Aceh Regency. The research uses a quantitative approach with ex post facto design and survey methods. A sample of 100 respondents was selected through a random sampling technique based on the Slovin formula. Primary data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire and analysis using instrument tests (validity and reliability), classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and moderation regression tests to test hypotheses. The results of the study show that tax knowledge has a positive effect on taxpayer compliance. Tax sanctions also have a positive effect on taxpayer compliance. In addition, taxpayer awareness has been shown to moderate the relationship between tax sanctions and taxpayer knowledge. This means that the higher the taxpayer's awareness, the stronger the influence of tax knowledge and sanctions on taxpayer compliance. These findings are expected to be considered for tax authorities in formulating policies to increase compliance through education and strengthening tax awareness.

Learning is an activity to educate students at school which aims to make science acceptable and well understood. Through the learning process, students are expected to experience positive changes, both in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and skills. One of the learning processes that has a great influence on the lives of students is learning Indonesian. Learning Indonesian is very important because it functions as the main means of communication in daily life, both orally and in writing. With good Indonesian language skills, students will find it easier to express ideas, understand information, and interact effectively with the surrounding environment. Therefore, Indonesian learning in elementary schools must be designed in a systematic, interesting, and in accordance with the characteristics of students. In addition to clear goals, appropriate strategies and solutions are also needed to overcome various difficulties that arise, such as low interest in learning, limited vocabulary, and lack of reading and writing comprehension. These efforts are expected to be able to improve the quality of Indonesian learning optimally.

The coverage of Complete Basic Immunization (Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap or IDL) in Maharani Village remains low at 38.8%, falling short of the national target of 95%. This condition increases the health risk of toddlers contracting Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (PD3I). This study aimed to determine the relationship between mothers' knowledge and husbands' support regarding the completeness of basic immunization for toddlers in Maharani Village, within the working area of Rumbai Bukit Public Health Center. This research employed a quantitative analytic method with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study comprised all mothers with toddlers in the area, with a sample of 73 respondents selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using validated questionnaires and observation of Maternal and Child Health (KIA) books, followed by univariate and bivariate analysis using the Chi-square statistical test. The results indicated that the majority of toddlers had incomplete immunization status (61.6%), mothers had a low level of knowledge (61.6%), and respondents did not receive support from their husbands (58.9%). Statistical test results confirmed a very significant relationship between mothers' knowledge (p-value = 0.000) and husbands' support (p-value = 0.000) with the completeness of basic immunization. The conclusion confirms that knowledge and husband's support are the main determinant factors. It is suggested that Rumbai Bukit Public Health Center implement a more inclusive health promotion strategy by involving the active role of husbands in monitoring child health.