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Reading ability is a fundamental skill that strongly influences the academic success of junior high school students, particularly ninth graders in preparing for national examinations. Nevertheless, many students continue to face difficulties in reading, including speed, comprehension, and motivation. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of implementing learning guidance services to improve the reading skills of ninth-grade students, while identifying supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review from relevant scientific sources published within the last ten years. The findings reveal that learning guidance services play a crucial role in enhancing reading skills, learning motivation, and student independence. Guidance and counseling teachers act as strategic facilitators, while support from the school environment and family strengthens the success of the program. The practical implications highlight that structured, continuous, and collaborative learning guidance programs can help students better understand reading materials and develop positive study habits. Practical recommendations are addressed to teachers, counselors, and schools to design more varied and student-centered guidance services.

The money market plays a vital role in the global financial architecture as a provider of short-term liquidity and a primary channel for monetary policy transmission. This research is motivated by the rapid transformation of financial instruments, which now encompass conventional and Sharia-compliant sectors, as well as digital innovations such as e-money and stablecoins. The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of the money market, identify the diversity of modern instruments, and analyze their strategic role in economic stability through a qualitative literature review approach. The analysis shows that the money market is highly effective in managing bank cash reserves and controlling inflation by regulating the money supply. The presence of digital instruments has been proven to accelerate liquidity flows, while Sharia schemes provide transparent and equitable investment alternatives. However, the emergence of digital assets also brings challenges of volatility that require adaptive regulation and professional skepticism from market participants. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of synergy between monetary authorities and financial technology to address global disruption. Strengthening regulations on future instruments is expected to create a more inclusive and stable financial system that can respond precisely to economic shocks.

Adolescence is a period of development characterized by rapid physical, emotional, and social changes, making adolescents vulnerable to various forms of violence, including sexual harassment. This phenomenon occurs in various contexts, including family, school, community, and digital environments, and has serious impacts on adolescents' psychological, social, and academic well-being. This study aims to comprehensively examine the phenomenon of sexual harassment among adolescents and its implications for guidance and counseling services in educational settings. The method used is a literature review by reviewing various relevant scientific articles from the past six years obtained through electronic databases. The analysis process was carried out using content analysis techniques by grouping findings based on main themes, namely forms of sexual harassment, risk factors, impacts, and the role of guidance and counseling services. The results of the study indicate that sexual harassment among adolescents occurs in various forms, both directly and through digital media, with complex causal factors encompassing individual, family, social, and cultural aspects. The impacts are not only physical, but also psychological and social in the long term. Guidance and counseling services play a crucial role in preventive, curative, and developmental efforts through education, mentoring, and strengthening students' social skills. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of strengthening guidance and counseling services as a systematic strategy in creating a safe and responsive school environment to cases of sexual harassment in adolescents.

Truancy among high school students continues to be a serious concern that has negative effects on both academic outcomes and social development. This study seeks to analyze the application of reality therapy as an intervention to minimize truancy behavior. The research utilizes a literature review approach by evaluating six relevant scholarly articles published over the past decade. The findings suggest that truancy is caused by a combination of internal factors, such as lack of learning motivation and feelings of boredom, and external factors, including family environment and peer influence. Conventional approaches that rely heavily on punishment and external control are considered less effective in creating lasting behavioral improvements. On the other hand, reality therapy emphasizes personal responsibility, present actions, and self-assessment, allowing students to better understand their behavior and make more positive decisions. The results demonstrate that this approach enhances students’ self-awareness, responsibility, and decision-making abilities. Therefore, reality therapy can be regarded as an effective alternative counseling method to address truancy behavior in schools and to support long-term behavioral change.

This study examines the evolving landscape of racket sports and its implications for injury patterns among diverse athlete populations. Over the past decade, traditional sports such as tennis and badminton have remained popular, while emerging sports like padel, pickleball, and beach tennis have experienced rapid growth, attracting participants across a wide age spectrum. However, the high-speed, repetitive, and multidirectional demands of these sports increase the risk of musculoskeletal injuries, making it essential to understand their epidemiology for effective prevention. This systematic literature review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, analyzing peer-reviewed studies published between January 2020 and early 2025 from databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Europe PMC, and Open Alex. A total of 22 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and cross-sectional surveys. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The findings reveal significant variation in injury prevalence across sports, ranging from 34.2% in recreational pickleball to 92% in competitive padel. Badminton injuries were predominantly acute and affected the lower limbs, while tennis showed a higher incidence of overuse injuries in the upper limbs and trunk. Padel players frequently experienced elbow overuse injuries, with higher rates reported among females. In contrast, pickleball injuries were largely associated with falls among older adults. Preventive interventions involving supervised, sport-specific functional training and structured warm-up programs were found to be most effective. In conclusion, injury burden in racket sports is substantial and influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, highlighting the need for targeted, sport-specific prevention strategies.

Digital transformation in the public sector has driven various service innovations, including pension administration services for State Civil Apparatus (ASN). This study aims to analyze the development of digital-based public service innovations in pension administration and identify the benefits and challenges of their implementation. This study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by reviewing various relevant scientific articles from national journals that discuss the digitalization of public services and pension administration. The literature selection process was carried out systematically to identify, evaluate, and synthesize research findings related to digital-based pension service innovations. The review results indicate that digitalization of pension administration services through the use of electronic service applications and platforms can improve administrative efficiency, accelerate data verification and pension fund disbursement, and increase transparency and accountability in public services. The implementation of digital services also contributes to simplifying bureaucratic procedures and increasing service accessibility for retirees. However, the literature review also revealed challenges in implementing digital pension services, including low digital literacy among retirees, limited access to technological devices, and suboptimal dissemination of service information. The findings of this study indicate that the success of digital-based service innovations depends not only on technology, but also on human resource readiness, the organizational capacity of government institutions, and the level of public acceptance of the use of digital technology. Therefore, developing digital-based pension services requires a comprehensive strategy.

This study aims to analyze gender-based political violence in the 2020 Regional Head Elections in South Tangerang City and its impact on women’s representation in politics. The case analyzed involves social media attacks against Rahayu Saraswati Djojohadikusumo during her campaign for Deputy Mayor, in which an old photo of her while pregnant was used as material for sexually charged attacks. This study employs a qualitative method using a case study approach through literature review. The analysis utilizes Kate Manne’s theory of misogyny, which views misogyny as a social mechanism within the patriarchal system to control and discipline women entering the public sphere. The results of the study indicate that gender-based political violence manifests in the form of the moral delegitimization of women, digital intimidation or harassment, policing of women in public spaces, and the objectification of women’s bodies. These phenomena demonstrate that gender bias remains a barrier for women in securing equal space in local political contests.

Collecting donations for natural disaster victims is a form of social solidarity widely practiced by the community, including students. However, in practice, these fundraising activities must be carried out in accordance with applicable legal provisions, specifically Regulation of the Minister of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of the Collection of Money or Goods (PUB). This study aims to analyze the implementation of Ministerial Regulation Number 8 of 2021 in the practice of collecting donations for natural disasters by students. The research method used is a normative empirical research method with a legislative and sociological approach. Data were obtained through literature review and interviews with the Social Services Agency and student organizations. The results show that the implementation of Ministerial Regulation Number 8 of 2021 in student fundraising activities has actually taken place, but is not yet fully optimal. This is evident in the continued discovery of donation collections carried out without official permits from authorized agencies and the lack of accountability reporting for collected funds. This condition indicates that the level of compliance with administrative provisions in the implementation of fundraising is still relatively low. Therefore, increased regulatory dissemination, more effective oversight, and increased legal awareness among students are needed to ensure that fundraising activities are carried out transparently, accountably, and in accordance with applicable laws.

Islamic leadership faces significant challenges related to personal integrity and institutional governance, requiring a comprehensive theoretical study to bridge these gaps. This research aims to examine the integration of prophetic values with system improvement to strengthen Islamic leadership in the modern context. The study employs a qualitative approach based on literature review and textual analysis, exploring Islamic leadership theories, public administration practices, and historical experiences of Islamic civilization. The findings indicate that Islamic leadership becomes more effective when the personal integrity of leaders is aligned with adaptive, transparent, and accountable institutional systems. These results emphasize that system improvement is necessary to ensure moral values are not limited to individual practice but embedded within organizational governance and social institutions. The study also highlights the relevance of Islamic leadership in addressing the era of disruption, where synergy between prophetic character and institutional reform is essential for sustainability. The research recommends emphasizing the synergy between moral values and system improvement so that Islamic leadership can sustainably address social challenges while remaining relevant to modern demands and contemporary societal needs.   

Adolescence is a transitional stage of development characterised by rapid biological, psychological, and social changes that increase vulnerability to the emergence of problematic behaviour. The increase in cases of juvenile delinquency highlights the importance of early detection as a prevention strategy. This study aims to examine the role of families and schools in the early detection of problematic behaviour in adolescents through a systematic literature review. The study used a systematic literature review method by analysing scientific articles published between 2021 and 2026 that discussed family involvement, the role of schools, and early detection of adolescent behaviour. Data were collected through a structured process of searching, selecting, critically evaluating, and synthesising the literature. The results showed that family factors such as parenting styles, emotional support, communication quality, and supervision have a significant influence on adolescent behavioural development. Schools also play a strategic role through counselling services, behavioural screening, mental health education, and collaborative interventions. Effective early detection occurs when families and schools work together through continuous communication and coordinated monitoring. Therefore, the role of families and schools is to strengthen efforts to identify and prevent behavioral problems so that interventions can be carried out more quickly to support the social and emotional well-being of adolescents. Strengthening collaboration and structured detection systems are important steps in reducing the risk of problematic behaviour in adolescents.

The rapid advancement of technology has brought significant changes to the field of education, requiring adjustments in the roles and competencies of educators to improve the quality of human resources. The teaching profession is no longer limited to delivering knowledge but also demands the ability to adapt to technological developments, utilize digital tools, and create innovative and relevant learning experiences. This study aims to examine the challenges faced by the education profession in improving the quality of human resources and to identify strategies that can be implemented to address these challenges. This research employs a literature review method by analyzing ten relevant scientific articles using a descriptive qualitative approach. The findings reveal several major challenges, including limited teacher competence and professionalism, constraints in the use of technology, weaknesses in human resource management in education, and the lack of optimal training and professional development programs. In addition, disparities in access and readiness for digital transformation also hinder the improvement of educational quality. The results suggest that improving the quality of human resources through education requires a comprehensive approach, including strengthening teacher competencies, providing continuous professional development, improving educational management, and ensuring adaptive policy support. Therefore, the education profession is expected to play a crucial role as a driving force in producing competent, high-quality human resources who are well prepared to face future challenges.

This study aims to evaluate the impact of leadership education and training on organizational service effectiveness within the Tambrauw Regency Government, Papua. Leadership training is an important instrument in developing the competencies of Civil Servants to enhance leadership capacity, managerial skills, and public service quality. However, its implementation needs evaluation to determine its impact on organizational performance and service effectiveness. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. The analytical framework applied is the Kirkpatrick training evaluation model, covering reaction, learning, behavior, and results. Data collection was conducted through documentation studies, policy analysis, and literature review on civil servant development and public services. The results indicate that leadership training has a positive impact on improving civil servant competencies and service effectiveness. At the reaction level, participants showed high satisfaction with training materials and methods. At the learning level, there was improvement in leadership knowledge and skills. At the behavior level, participants demonstrated more professional work attitudes, better coordination, and improved decision-making. At the results level, training contributed to improved service quality, efficiency, and innovation. However, challenges remain, including limited resources, hierarchical bureaucratic culture, and weak policy support. Therefore, strong local government commitment is needed to enhance training quality and organizational support. This study contributes to public administration research and offers practical insights for policy development.

Digital transformation in the public sector has significantly driven service innovations, particularly in pension administration for Civil Servants (ASN). This study aims to analyze the development of digital-based public service innovations in pension administration while identifying the benefits and challenges associated with their implementation. The research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by examining relevant scholarly articles from national journals focusing on the digitalization of public services and pension systems. The literature selection process was conducted systematically to identify, evaluate, and synthesize key findings related to digital pension service innovations. The results indicate that digitalization through applications and electronic platforms enhances administrative efficiency, accelerates data verification, and improves the speed of pension fund disbursement. It also strengthens transparency and accountability while simplifying bureaucratic procedures and expanding service accessibility for retirees. However, several challenges remain, including low digital literacy among retirees, limited access to technological devices, and insufficient public awareness regarding digital service usage. The findings suggest that the success of digital-based public service innovations depends not only on technological availability but also on human resource readiness, institutional capacity, and the level of public acceptance. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy is required, including improving digital literacy, strengthening information technology infrastructure, and optimizing communication efforts to ensure effective adoption.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of pedagogical competence among Christian Religious Education teachers and its implications for students’ learning interest at SMTK Katharos Bekasi. The study is based on the importance of teachers’ pedagogical competence in creating effective learning environments and increasing student engagement in the classroom. A qualitative approach with a descriptive design was applied in this research. Data were collected through classroom observations, questionnaire-based interviews with students, and literature review. The findings show that teachers’ pedagogical competence is categorized as good, with an average score of 33.8 or 75.1% of the maximum score, reflecting effective classroom management, appropriate material delivery, and proper student guidance. Students’ learning interest is also categorized as good, with an average score of 32.8 or 72.9%, indicating active participation and positive engagement in the learning process. Therefore, pedagogical competence positively influences students’ learning interest, and continuous improvement is needed to enhance learning effectiveness.

The number of students arriving late often disrupts the classroom atmosphere and disrupts adherence to school rules. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the behavioral contract technique in changing this habit. Using a qualitative approach focused on literature review, this study found that internal factors within students and environmental factors are the main causes of their tardiness. Behavioral counseling can help change behavior through reinforcement and habit training, while the behavioral contract technique provides clear rules and agreements that make students more responsible. Behavioral changes occur gradually and are more effective if students are involved and there is a balance between rewards and punishments. Therefore, this technique is suitable for use as a practical way to train student discipline in the school environment.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of rehabilitation at the investigation stage for drug abuse cases and the integrated assessment mechanism in influencing decisions to continue or terminate legal proceedings against drug users in Samarinda City. Drug abuse remains a serious issue in Indonesia, with more than 60% of inmates in correctional institutions being convicted of narcotics-related crimes. This condition indicates that conventional punitive approaches have not been effective in reducing drug abuse; therefore, the application of rehabilitative legal policies, as stipulated in Law Number 35 of 2009 on Narcotics and Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) Number 04 of 2010, is necessary. This research employs a socio-legal research method with a qualitative approach, conducted through in-depth interviews with investigators at the Samarinda City Police (Polresta Samarinda) and officers at the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) of Samarinda, as well as a literature review of relevant laws and legal materials. The findings reveal that the implementation of rehabilitation at the investigation stage in Samarinda City has not been fully effective, due to limited resources, lack of inter-agency coordination, and the persistence of a repressive paradigm in handling narcotics cases.

The changes to the provisions on evidence in the new Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) mark a significant shift in the evidentiary system under Indonesian criminal procedure. The expansion of evidence to include physical evidence as valid evidence, the explicit recognition of electronic evidence, judicial observation, and other evidence as long as it is legally obtained, alters the evidentiary system, which previously relied on classical categories. This situation raises questions about how these changes affect the evidentiary system and the dynamics of criminal litigation in court, particularly regarding the role of judges, the strategies of the parties, and the protection of the defendant's rights. This study aims to analyze the changes in the evidentiary system resulting from the addition of evidence in the new KUHAP and its impact on criminal litigation practices. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with descriptive specifications through a literature review of relevant laws and legal literature. The analysis shows that the expansion of evidence increases the complexity of the evidence, strengthens the role of judges in assessing the legality and authentication of evidence, and encourages a shift in the litigation strategies of prosecutors and advocates. The addition of evidence has the potential to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement, but also raises the risk of legal uncertainty and human rights violations if not supported by adequate technical guidelines and oversight mechanisms.

Liquidity management is an important aspect in maintaining the operational stability of Islamic banking. Inadequate liquidity management can affect a bank’s ability to fulfill its short-term obligations and reduce public trust in banking institutions. This study aims to examine the basic concepts of liquidity management, liquidity management practices, and the various challenges faced by Islamic banks in maintaining financial stability. The study employed a qualitative method using a literature review approach through the examination of various sources, including books, scientific journals, and research articles relevant to the topic. The collected data were analyzed descriptively to obtain a systematic understanding of liquidity management in Islamic banking. The findings indicate that liquidity management in Islamic banks is carried out through asset and liability management, fund collection, financing distribution, and the implementation of GAP management. In addition, Islamic banking faces several challenges, including the limited availability of Islamic money market instruments, imbalance between assets and liabilities, risks of massive customer withdrawals, and changes in economic conditions and regulations. Therefore, adaptive liquidity management strategies based on prudential principles are required to maintain operational stability and ensure the sustainability of Islamic banking institutions.

The phenomenon of academic procrastination is a serious obstacle in the world of education, manifesting as a deliberate delay in starting or completing school assignments. This behavior leads to a decline in academic achievement and an increase in student anxiety when approaching deadlines. This article aims to examine the effectiveness of time management as a strategy to reduce academic procrastination behavior in students through a comprehensive literature review. The research method employed is library research, using content analysis techniques on scientific journal articles and previous research findings relevant within the last ten years. The research findings indicate a significant negative correlation between time management and academic procrastination, where the ability to prioritize and adhere to schedules effectively can lower the level of task delay. Furthermore, intervention through guidance and counseling services using self-management techniques has proven to be a strategic solution in enhancing student learning independence. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of the role of Guidance and Counseling teachers in integrating time management training into guidance programs to support students' sustainable academic effectiveness.

Adolescence is a transitional period prone to problematic behavior due to significant physical, emotional, and social changes. One of the main factors influencing adolescent behavior is parenting style. This study aims to examine the importance of parenting styles in preventing problematic behavior in adolescents. The method used in this study is a literature review. The results of the study indicate that democratic (authoritative) parenting plays a protective role in preventing delinquency, aggressive behavior, and maladaptive behavior. Conversely, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles tend to be positively correlated with increased deviant, aggressive, and antisocial behavior in adolescents. Furthermore, self-control and morality act as mediators that can strengthen or reduce the influence of parenting styles on juvenile delinquency. Thus, the role of the family as the primary and primary environment is crucial in early detection and prevention of problematic behavior in adolescents.