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This study aims to analyse the development and compare the legal politics of the Religious Court in Indonesia and Turkey. This study is library research with an interdisciplinary approach to historical-legal and comparative law research. This study presents a historical-legal perspective and a comparative analysis of the law to obtain similarities and differences in the legal politics of the Religious Court in Indonesia and Turkey. The legal politics of the Religious Court in Indonesia are divided into pre-Colonial, independence, and reform periods. In Turkey, the Religious Court is divided into three periods: before the Tanzimat, after the Tanzimat, and during Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's reforms. A comparative analysis of the law found that the Religious Courts in Indonesia and Turkey initially applied Islamic law. Still, later restrictions were placed on it in an attempt to abolish it. The difference is that the Religious Court in Indonesia still enforces Islamic law as a positive law in certain fields and regions. The Religious Court in Turkey was abolished and replaced by a regular Court based on European law. The existence of the Religious Court in Indonesia demonstrates the success of legal pluralism, while legal secularism has shifted legal pluralism in Turkey.

Background: The increasing complexity of industrial production systems requires machine condition monitoring solutions that are capable of operating in real time with high accuracy and responsiveness to support predictive maintenance strategies. Conventional cloud based monitoring systems often experience limitations such as high latency and dependence on stable network connectivity, which can delay decision making processes in critical industrial operations. Objective: This study aims to design and evaluate an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) architecture based on edge computing to improve the efficiency of industrial sensor data processing and accelerate anomaly detection in industrial machines. Method: The research adopts an experimental approach by designing a system architecture consisting of a sensor layer, edge computing layer, and cloud layer. Industrial sensors, including vibration, temperature, and current sensors, continuously collect machine operational data, which are then processed locally at the edge node using a machine learning based anomaly detection algorithm. System testing is conducted in a simulated manufacturing environment to evaluate performance based on latency, reliability, and detection accuracy. Results: The results indicate that edge based data processing significantly reduces latency compared with cloud-based processing and enables faster responses to machine condition changes. Additionally, the implemented anomaly detection algorithm achieves high accuracy in identifying abnormal sensor data patterns.

This study aims to analyze the organizational structure, main tasks and functions, and challenges faced by the Legal Section in carrying out its role as a center for local government legal services. The research method used a qualitative approach through interviews with the Head of the Legal Section, direct observation in the work environment, and literature studies of various related documents and regulations. The results of the study indicate that the organizational structure of the Legal Section consists of functional positions, implementing officers, and temporary employees, each of which has a crucial role in supporting the legal product drafting process. However, the effectiveness of organizational performance still faces obstacles, particularly related to employee discipline, work ethic, and efforts to build a culture of bureaucratic integrity. The Head of the Legal Section emphasized that the quality of human resources is a key factor in determining the success of the process of harmonization of regulations and legal services. Thus, a sustainable apparatus development strategy and strengthening of the work system are needed so that the Legal Section can carry out its functions optimally in supporting the implementation of the Palangka Raya City government.

Traditional food is a national asset. It not only serves as a source of energy for the community, but also serves as a form of food security, an economic driver, a source of healthy food, and a culture steeped in noble values. The widespread consumption of unhealthy foods by students, especially elementary school students, is one of the reasons for this outreach activity. The health issues surrounding junk food must be addressed by offering healthy alternatives, such as traditional foods. Traditional food is not only related to food, but can also be linked to ethnomathematics, where culture in the form of food is studied from a mathematical perspective. Elementary school students not only consume traditional foods but also interpret these foods in mathematical contexts, such as geometry and numbers. In this way, students will be able to visualize mathematical elements not only when reading math textbooks but also when consuming traditional foods that are part of their daily environment. Despite their traditional nature, students actually enjoy some traditional foods. This is a frequent conflict between the current generation and traditional culture. They better understand how to prepare traditional foods, appreciate the richness of local culture, and develop a love for their culture and homeland.

This research extends the previous work of Tsaqila, Winiarti, and Widaningrum (2024), who applied the Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method within a decision support system for supermarket branch location selection. Unlike the prior study, which focused on Ponorogo through a web-based framework, this study expands the implementation of COPRAS to the Medan Area, Medan Kota, Medan Polonia, dan Medan Maimun districts, adapting it to local urban, social, and economic characteristics. The main objective is to identify the most strategic site for a new supermarket by analyzing multiple criteria, including land cost, population density, accessibility, safety, cleanliness, and disaster risk. Data were collected from both field surveys and official government publications. The findings reveal that the COPRAS method provides reliable and objective assessments among the evaluated alternatives, with Medan Area emerging as the most suitable location for supermarket development. Overall, this study broadens the practical scope of the COPRAS method in a different regional context and reinforces its reliability and adaptability as a multi-criteria decision-making tool in the modern retail industry.

Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescent L.) is known as one of the high sources of vitamin C, which acts as an important natural antioxidant for human health because the body is unable to produce its own. This study aims to analyse vitamin C levels in chili pepper using the iodometric titration method quantitatively by taking a 5 gram sample of chili pepper and titrating it using 0,1 N iodine solution. The analysis results showed that the vitamin C content obtained was 0,0704% or equivalent to 70,4 mg/100g. This value is higher than some research results. This value is higher than some previous research results on fruits and chillies from other regions. This finding shows that chilli pepper has great potential as a source of vitamin C in supporting the fulfilment of people’s daily nutrition. In addition, the iodometric titration method is proven to be effective and efficient to be used in the analysis of vitamin C in foodstuffs. Therefore, chili pepper consumption can be a simple strategy in improving nutritional and preventing disease related to vitamin C deficiency.

Regional development faces dynamic challenges amid rapid economic growth driven by natural resource extraction. This study aims to identify leading economic sectors, analyze structural economic transformation, and evaluate the role of these sectors in regional development. The research employs a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. Secondary data consist of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) at constant prices over the past five years. The analytical techniques applied include Location Quotient analysis to identify base sectors, Shift-Share analysis to assess structural changes as well as comparative and competitive advantages, and Klassen Typology to classify sectoral growth patterns. The results reveal a structural shift from primary sectors, such as agriculture and fisheries, toward secondary sectors, including mining and manufacturing. Despite challenges related to development equity, these leading sectors serve as key drivers of regional economic growth. To maximize the contribution of leading sectors to broader regional development, this study recommends that government policies prioritize the strengthening of intersectoral linkages.

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a plant known to contain various bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant properties as well as xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and XO inhibitory potential of ethanol extracts from the leaves, stems, and their combination. Phytochemical screening revealed that all extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, while phenolic compounds were detected only in the leaf extract and the combined leaf–stem extract. Antioxidant activity assays demonstrated that all extracts exhibited very strong antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values below 50 ppm, indicating a significant potential to scavenge free radicals. In the XO inhibition assay at a concentration of 200 ppm, the ethanol extract of lemongrass stems showed the highest inhibitory activity at 81.37%, followed by the leaf extract at 48.08% and the combined leaf–stem extract at 33.65%. Overall, these findings suggest that the ethanol extract of lemongrass stems is the most promising natural source of antioxidants and has the greatest ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity, indicating its potential development as a functional ingredient for health applications.

The danger of cadmium contamination in water sources remains a crucial environmental issue due to its persistent nature and high toxicity level, which poses serious risks to human health and ecosystems. Cadmium is a non-biodegradable heavy metal that can accumulate in living organisms over time. The presence of these toxic Cd²⁺ ions is known to trigger damage to vital organs such as the liver and kidneys; therefore, reducing their concentration in aquatic environments is of paramount importance for environmental protection and public health safety. Among various treatment methods, adsorption is considered one of the most effective and economical techniques for removing heavy metal ions from contaminated water. In this study, the capability of mesoporous silica MCM-48-NH₂ as an adsorbent for Cd²⁺ ions was systematically evaluated. The adsorption performance was examined by investigating several important parameters, including contact time, solution acidity level (pH), and initial Cd²⁺ concentration. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism and interaction between Cd²⁺ ions and the adsorbent surface were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The results demonstrate that the adsorption process of Cd²⁺ ions onto MCM-48-NH₂ tends to follow the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption behavior, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.66 mmol g⁻¹.

This study examines the implementation of the Coretax system in preparing electronic withholding tax slips (e-Bupot) and submitting Monthly Income Tax Article 21 (PPh 21) Returns at PT RSA. Coretax, launched by the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) and officially implemented on January 1, 2025, is part of the government’s effort to modernize tax administration and improve taxpayer compliance. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data were obtained through interviews with personnel responsible for PPh 21 administration, direct observation of e-Bupot preparation and monthly tax return filing through Coretax, and documentation review of tax reports and withholding slips. The analysis compares PT RSA’s practices with applicable tax regulations and identifies technical challenges during system use. The results show that PT RSA has complied with prevailing regulations, including the application of the Average Effective Rate (TER) and the utilization of Coretax for tax administration. However, technical constraints remain, particularly unstable internet connections and slow Coretax server performance during peak reporting periods, leading to data entry delays and upload failures. Therefore, improvements in system stability and performance are needed to support timely reporting and optimal tax compliance.

This study aims to analyze the factors determining the growth of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia through a literature review approach. MSMEs make a significant contribution to the national economy, but their growth still faces various structural barriers. Based on the results of the literature review, it was found that access to capital, human resource quality, managerial capacity, innovation, digitalization, marketing strategies, and government policies are the main factors influencing MSME growth. Limited capital and low financial literacy are dominant obstacles that hinder business expansion. Furthermore, weak managerial capacity and digital competency prevent many MSMEs from optimally exploiting market opportunities. Innovation and the use of digital technology have been proven to increase efficiency and marketing reach, but the adoption rate remains low. External factors such as government regulations, simplified licensing, and support from empowerment programs also play a significant role in creating a conducive business climate. This study emphasizes that MSME development requires a comprehensive approach that integrates internal aspects of business actors and structural government support. The research results are expected to serve as a reference for academics, policymakers, and MSME actors in formulating more effective development strategies.

Objective– This article aims to comprehensively examine the main types of food crop pests and their attack patterns through a systematic literature review approach. The research focuses on the dynamics of pest attacks, changes in ecological patterns due to climate change, and advances in modern identification technology that enable more accurate early detection. This study also highlights the significance of new paradigms of pest identification based on artificial intelligence (AI), genomics, and landscape mapping in supporting food security at the regional and national levels. Design/methodology/approach– This study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method for scientific publications from 2015–2025 from reputable sources such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, AGRIS, and Google Scholar. Of the 326 articles identified in the initial stage, 30 articles in English and Indonesian were selected through a screening process based on strict inclusion–exclusion criteria. All articles were then analyzed using thematic coding techniques to produce an in-depth, evidence-based synthesis. Findings– The study produced four key findings: (1) there are five dominant pests in global food crops, namely Thrips tabaci, Spodoptera exigua/frugiperda, Helicoverpa armigera, Nilaparvata lugens and Sitophilus oryzae; (2) attack patterns are strongly influenced by temperature, humidity, pesticide resistance, and monoculture; (3) modern identification technology AI, drone imagery, multispectral sensors, and DNA Barcoding have increased detection accuracy to 94–98%; and (4) community-based early warning systems accelerate field response and reduce the risk of crop failure. Practical implications– These findings provide a scientific basis for local governments, agricultural extension workers, and farmers to gradually adopt pest identification technology and strengthen integrated monitoring systems at a regional scale. Authenticity/value– This article offers a new conceptual model of “Pest Identification Pyramid – Attack Pattern – Early Warning System” that integrates pest biology, digital technology, and community response to improve national food security.

Modern society faces multidimensional complexities, ranging from spiritual crises and technological disruption to social inequality. Muslims, with their theological and intellectual capital, are often perceived as suboptimal in responding to these challenges contextually and applicatively. This article aims to analyze the fundamental problems faced by Muslims in formulating answers to the problems of modern society and to explore the strategic role of Islamic higher education institutions, specifically the Muhammadiyah University of Malaysia (UMAM), in bridging this gap. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method at UMAM. Data was collected through literature study, observation, and structured interviews with academics and policymakers at UMAM. The findings indicate that the main problems lie in: (1) the dichotomy between naqli and aqli sciences, (2) a static approach to religious texts, and (3) a lack of integrative and innovative solution models. UMAM strives to address these issues through three main strategies: integration of knowledge in the curriculum, problem-based research, and empowering community engagement. This article concludes that UMAM has the potential to become a model social laboratory of Islam that combines the Muhammadiyah renewal ethos with the Malaysian socio-cultural context to produce relevant, humanist, and rahmatan lil 'alamin solutions.

The problems encountered are damage to the rubber wheel mount and universal/cross joints on the 90 m/hour capacity wood profile making machine, which can affect the uniformity and speed of wood profile making. Maintenance and repair planning aims to be able to create a maintenance and repair schedule for the 90 m/hour capacity wood profile making machine for the period 2026, estimate maintenance costs and the ratio of maintenance and repair costs to machine profits. The maintenance planning method includes collecting maintenance data from previous maintenance periods, reviewing the specifications of the wood profile making machine, estimating the age and price of components that are estimated to be damaged, estimating the cost and duration of dismantling and installing components that have been repaired in accordance with the provisions of the requirements for usable components or replacement spare parts, scheduling maintenance and repairs, estimating maintenance and repair costs for the period 2026, and determining the ratio of maintenance costs to profits. The planning results in the form of a maintenance-repair schedule for the period 2026; maintenance and repair costs in 2026, the ratio of maintenance costs to profits, and their implications indicate that the machine is still prospective and usable.

The tradition of mohataman Al-Qur'an is one of the religious practices that is alive and thriving among Indonesian Muslims, especially during Ramadan in preparation for Eid al-Fitr. In Kampung Pos Sentul, this tradition is carried out collectively by the community as a form of gratitude for the completion of fasting and as a means of strengthening Islamic brotherhood. This study aims to examine the tradition of mohataman Al-Qur'an from the perspective of living hadith, which is to see how the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad is understood, internalized, and manifested in the social-religious practices of the community. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach, through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the tradition of mohataman Al-Qur'an is based on the community's understanding of the hadiths about the virtues of reading the Qur'an, the encouragement to increase acts of worship during Ramadan, and the importance of togetherness in doing good. This tradition is not only ritualistic in nature, but also has social, educational, and spiritual dimensions that strengthen the religious identity of the Pos Sentul Village community. Thus, mohataman Al-Qur'an can be understood as a form of actualization of hadith in real life that continues to live on and is passed down from generation to generation.

The authority of the Religious Courts in Indonesia has undergone substantial transformation since the enactment of the 1974 Marriage Law, which serves as a foundational milestone in harmonizing the national legal system on family matters. Prior to this legislation, the jurisdiction of the Religious Courts was limited and influenced by legal dualism among customary law, Islamic law, and Western civil law inherited from the colonial period. This article examines how the Marriage Law initiated a shift in the structure and legitimacy of the Religious Courts and how their jurisdictional expansion reached a more comprehensive form through Law No. 7 of 1989 on Religious Courts and its subsequent amendments under Law No. 3 of 2006 and Law No. 50 of 2009. Using a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes statutory regulations, academic literature, and Islamic legal doctrines. The findings show that the Marriage Law provided the initial legal foundation for strengthening the Religious Courts' authority in handling family disputes, which was later expanded significantly to include inheritance, wills, grants, endowments (wakaf), alms (zakat), charitable donations (infaq and sadaqah), and Islamic economic matters during the legal reform era. This transformation not only reinforced the institutional structure of the Religious Courts but also improved access to justice for Muslim communities and supported the integration of Islamic law into Indonesia’s national legal framework. Therefore, the development of the Religious Courts’ authority after the Marriage Law reflects the dynamic modernization of the legal system and the harmonization between religious values and the rule of law in Indonesia.

The tradition of Ketupat Qunutan on the 15th night of Ramadan in Kampung Pinang, Tangerang City, is a religious practice of the Muslim community that integrates congregational qunut prayers, the making and distribution of ketupat as a symbol of gratitude, almsgiving, purity of heart, and brotherhood. Through a living hadith study approach, this research analyzes how the values of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, such as communal prayer, food charity, and strengthening Islamic brotherhood, are contextualized within the local culture of the archipelago without a literal textual basis, but rather as a harmonious actualization between Islamic teachings and traditional wisdom. The findings show the dynamics of religious understanding between textual and contextual approaches, in which this tradition strengthens social solidarity, mutual cooperation, and the transmission of the Islamic identity of the archipelago, while also functioning as effective cultural da'wah without contradicting sharia law. This study contributes to the study of Islamic anthropology and living sunnah, affirming cultural acculturation as a form of religious expression that is alive and relevant.

This study aims to explore the communication styles and experiences of healthcare workers in enhancing public service communication skills at Petir Community Health Center (Puskesmas Petir) in Tangerang City. Effective communication is a crucial factor in the quality of healthcare services for patients; however, various challenges such as time constraints, differences in patients’ backgrounds, and work pressure often hinder optimal interactions. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study method, involving in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis to uncover the experiences, perceptions, and practices of healthcare workers in communicating with patients and the community. The findings indicate that communication skills are improved through internal training, peer mentoring, and the adaptation of communication strategies to match patient characteristics. Additionally, personal motivation, managerial support, and a conducive work environment play significant roles in the successful implementation of communication strategies. The results of this study provide an in-depth understanding of public service communication practices within the community health center context and serve as a basis for recommendations in developing training programs and policies to enhance the quality of interactions between healthcare workers and the community.

The wedding walimah is a religious tradition that has strong roots in Islamic teachings and continues to thrive in social practices. In the West Cengkareng area, the walimah tradition is not only understood as an expression of gratitude for the marriage contract, but also as a means of strengthening social solidarity and maintaining relationships. This study aims to analyze the wedding walimah tradition of the Cengkareng Barat community from the perspective of living hadith, which is to see how the Prophet's hadith is understood and manifested in the context of local culture. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the practice of walimah is based on the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad, which encourages the holding of walimah, even if it is simple. In practice, walimah has undergone local cultural acculturation, both in terms of the form of the banquet and the series of events. This study concludes that the tradition of wedding walimah in West Cengkareng is a form of hadith that is alive and dynamic in the community.

Measurement learning is a fundamental and applicable mathematical topic in everyday life, but it often causes learning difficulties for students, especially in understanding the meaning of units, relationships between quantities, and the conceptual measurement process. These difficulties are not only caused by students' limited cognitive abilities, but also by learning designs that do not fully facilitate social interaction and student learning development. This study aims to reconstruct the contextual didactic design in measurement learning by reviewing the role of social interaction and the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) in the student learning process. This study uses a qualitative approach with the type of Didactic Design Research (DDR). The research stages include analysis of the initial didactic situation to identify student learning barriers, implementation of contextual didactic design in measurement learning, and retrospective analysis of student responses as a basis for reconstructing the didactic design. Data were collected through learning observations, analysis of student work results, interviews, and learning documentation. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively by examining social interaction patterns, forms of scaffolding, and student movements in the Zone of Proximal Development. The results of this study indicate that understanding of measurement concepts develops through social interactions between students and between students and teachers within a meaningful learning context. Social interactions and scaffolding provided gradually can encourage students to move from actual abilities to potential abilities within the Zone of Proximal Development. Retrospective analysis indicates that reconstruction of the didactic design is necessary to refine the learning context, activity sequence, and scaffolding strategies to better align with students' learning characteristics. The reconstruction of the didactic design can reduce learning barriers and improve the quality of students' conceptual understanding in measurement learning. This research provides theoretical contributions to the study of social constructivism-based mathematics education and provides practical implications for teachers in designing measurement learning that is more responsive to social interactions and student learning development.