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Literacy is an essential talent that every individual must acquire for daily living, encompassing the capacity to read, write, comprehend, and process information in diverse formats.  This paper is to examine the assessment outcomers of ther conterxt, input, procerss, and output of ther literracy program at SD GMIT 2 Oersao.  This study utilizers a qualitativer merthodology.  Data gatherring was erxercuterd by obserrvation, interrvierws, and documerntation.  Therser stratergiers correrspond with ther asserssmernt moderl utilizerd in this study, spercifically ther CIPP (Conterxt, Input, Procerss, Product) moderl.  Ther ervaluation rersults dermonstrater that this program is drivern by pupils' inaderquater rerading skills and lack of interrerst, supporterd by a robust lergislativer framerwork erstablisherd by Perrmerndiknas No. 23 of 2015.  The initiative seeks to augment reading engagement and cultivate a literacy culture among pupils.  The human resources, comprising the principal, educators, and literacy facilitators, are integral to the program's success.  The curriculum is executed systematically by categorizing pupils according to their aptitude levels, accompanied by biweekly assessments.  This has demonstrated considerable enhancement in pupils' reading skills and engagement, including successes in speed reading contests.  The fundamental literacy program at SD GMIT 2 Oesao is efficacious and positively impacts the enhancement of pupils' literacy skills.

Abstract This study aims to investigate the implementation of the Project to Strengthen the Profile of Pancasila Students and Rahmatan lil Alamin Students (P5PPRA) within the Merdeka Curriculum for Grade 4 students at MI Ziyadatul Iman, Jambi City. The focus is on how the program is carried out and the factors that influence its success. A descriptive qualitative method was used, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis involved data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that the implementation of P5PPRA consists of three key stages. First, the planning stage involves forming a facilitator team, assessing the school’s readiness, choosing project themes and dimensions, and preparing modules and schedules. Second, the implementation phase includes five steps: introduction, contextualization, action, reflection, and follow-up. Third, evaluation is conducted by teachers through performance assessments, evaluation of student products, and assessment of attitudes and skills, using both written tools and observation. Supporting factors include cooperation from school stakeholders, sufficient facilities, and available funding. Meanwhile, obstacles include a lack of teacher training on the Merdeka Curriculum and limited understanding of P5PPRA. By identifying these factors, schools can strengthen support and find solutions to challenges, helping ensure the program runs effectively.

The problem of waste, especially inorganic waste, is becoming an increasingly serious environmental issue in Indonesia, including in the Tunas Bangsa Orphanage. Lack of awareness and skills in waste management has an impact on environmental pollution and the potential for flooding. This leadership project activity aims to build environmental awareness in the children of the Tunas Bangsa Orphanage through education and training in waste management into appropriate products. The methods used include observation, preparation of tools and materials, implementation of education and practice in making flower pots from used bottles, and evaluation through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with supervising lecturers, administrators and children of the Tunas Bangsa Orphanage. The results of the activity show that this leadership project not only increases the knowledge and skills of children in managing waste, but also fosters awareness and concern for the environment. In addition, this activity encourages the creativity and independence of the children of the orphanage. However, the evaluation also shows that it is necessary to extend the duration and sustainability of the program so that the benefits obtained can be more optimal. Overall, this leadership project is relevant as an educational and solution-oriented effort in overcoming the problem of waste and building environmental awareness from an early age.

Violent behavior is a major challenge in the care of patients with mental disorders, particularly in acute conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Families and caregivers often lack the knowledge and skills needed to handle crisis situations, thereby increasing the risk of injury and patient relapse. The aim of this program was to enhance the capacity of families and caregivers in managing violent behavior through de-escalation technique training. Used was a two-day face-to-face training (May 2–3, 2025) at RSKD Dadi Makassar involving 10 participants. Activities included interactive lectures, group discussions, simulations, and pre- and post-test evaluations. The training materials were designed based on evidence-based practices, covering empathetic communication, emotional regulation, and conflict management strategies. Of the program showed an increase in understanding of de-escalation techniques from 30% to 90%, improved conflict response ability from 20% to 80%, and a reduction in violent incidents from 12 to 4 occurrences in the week following the training. All participants also expressed satisfaction with the training. De-escalation technique training proved effective in increasing the preparedness of families and caregivers in dealing with violent behavior in patients with mental disorders. This approach is essential for creating a safer, more humane, and recovery-oriented care environment

Lung health plays a vital role in maintaining individual productivity and metabolic functions, especially in adults. Early detection of pulmonary function decline is essential, as respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma often develop insidiously. This community service program aimed to conduct early screening of lung function using spirometry in Grogol Subdistrict, West Jakarta, targeting the productive-age population. The activity followed a Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, beginning with public education and proceeding to spirometry tests, result evaluations, and follow-up medical advice. A total of 71 participants were involved, with a mean age of 43.6 years. The average spirometric values were: Vital Capacity (VC) 2.32 L, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) 2.09 L, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) 1.95 L, and FEV1/FVC ratio of 92.14%. Most participants (98.6%) were categorized as "normal/at risk", with only 1.4% suspected of having a pulmonary disorder. These findings underscore the importance of routine lung health monitoring in asymptomatic individuals. Through early screening and health education, this program contributes to increasing public awareness of respiratory health, promoting preventive strategies, and potentially reducing the burden of chronic lung diseases in the long term.   Keywords: Lung Function, Spirometry, Early Detection, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Health Screening

Dangke is a local food product with high nutritional value that has become an inseparable part of the culture and economy of the community. It is made from traditional cheese typical of Enrekang Regency. Despite having great potential as a superior regional product, Dangke micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) face various obstacles, especially regarding short product durability (expiration date), simple packaging, lack of product innovation, and less than optimal marketing reach. Therefore, strengthening branding and optimizing marketing is crucial to increasing the competitiveness and desirability of Dangke MSMEs. This community service aims to analyze existing conditions, formulate, and implement strategies to strengthen Dangke product branding. The implementation methods include initial surveys, SWOT analysis training, comprehensive training and education on branding (brand identity, visual design), as well as implementation assistance and evaluation of travel impacts. Participatory and community-based approaches are at the heart of this activity. The results of the community service are expected to increase Dangke brand awareness, encourage innovation of derivative products (for example, dangke crackers with innovative flavors and packaging), expand distribution channels (including digital marketing), and ultimately increase sales and income of Dangke MSMEs. This program also has the potential to strengthen the local economy, preserve cultural heritage, and become a model for developing traditional food products in other areas.

This community service program aims to enhance the design skills of local Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Cadassari Village, Purwakarta Regency, through the use of digital design software, particularly Canva and CorelDRAW. Initial needs assessment revealed that most MSME actors in the area face challenges in creating product visual identities, including logos, packaging, and promotional media. Using a participatory approach and the Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) method, the training program was collaboratively designed and implemented in several stages, including planning, technical training, mentoring, evaluation, and a final showcase. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ ability to apply design tools for their business needs, along with the emergence of collaborative learning initiatives among participants. This training program contributes to the digital empowerment of local MSMEs and serves as a replicable model for creative economy development based on community engagement.

Ciramahilir Village in Purwakarta Regency faces a serious problem due to the lack of street lighting, which negatively impacts the safety, comfort, and socio-economic activities of the community. This community service program aimed to improve the quality of life for residents by installing solar-powered street lights at strategic locations within the village. The approach used was Participatory Action Research (PAR), involving the community actively in every stage of the program—from problem identification and planning to implementation and evaluation. The results show that the street lighting intervention had a positive impact on residents' sense of security, increased night-time activities, and strengthened collective awareness to maintain public infrastructure. Additionally, technical training and assistance enhanced the community's capacity to sustain the installed systems. This activity also demonstrated that appropriate renewable energy technology can serve as an effective tool for promoting sustainable social change in rural areas.

This study discusses strategies for creating and enhancing religious life in schools as a means of shaping students’ moral character in the face of globalization. Despite the implementation of various religious programs, challenges such as low student participation, lack of teacher role models, and negative social and technological influences persist. The aim of this study is to formulate comprehensive and adaptive strategies to foster a religious atmosphere in schools. The research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach through content analysis of educational and religious literature. The findings indicate that religious life in schools can be strengthened through the integration of religious values into the curriculum, the development of a religious school culture, reinforcement of religious extracurricular activities, active roles of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers, involvement of parents and communities, wise use of technology, and ongoing evaluation. This study offers practical and applicable strategies to build a school environment that supports students’ holistic spiritual development.

Service satisfaction is defined as an effort to fulfill something or make something adequate which is generally described as a feeling of pleasure or disappointment that arises towards performance (results) after being compared with expected performance. Measuring the level of student satisfaction towards services in schools is an important element in the school's efforts to provide the best, efficient and effective services for students. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Guidance and Counseling (BK) program in schools. This survey involved a number of BK teachers and students from several schools in certain areas. The research method used was qualitative with an open questionnaire instrument, namely a structured interview to measure various aspects of the BK program, including service quality, student involvement, and the impact on students' academic and emotional development. The survey results showed that most students and BK teachers felt that the BK program in schools had been running quite well, but there were still some areas that needed improvement, such as the availability of resources and further training for counselors. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the frequency of student involvement in BK sessions with an increase in their academic achievement and emotional well-being. This study provides recommendations for improving the BK program in schools, including increasing training for counselors and strengthening support from the school.

Village infrastructure is an important foundation for local economic development and improving the welfare of the community in the area. However, the obstacles often encountered include ineffective budget planning, lack of community participation, and weak supervision in budget implementation. Nevertheless, there is potential for improvement through the implementation of an integrated village financial information system and active community involvement in the village development planning deliberation process (Musrenbangdes). This study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing primary data obtained through interviews and secondary data from journal sources and previous research. The results of this study indicate that village infrastructure development through the APBDes begins with the participatory preparation of the RKP, involving RT, RW, and BPD. Funding comes from the APBDes, PAD, and community self-help. The focus of development has now shifted to community empowerment, especially women, through skills training. APBDes management faces challenges in meeting sudden needs and relies on deliberation for solutions. Transparency is maintained through budget publication, and project implementation considers environmental aspects. Evaluations are conducted by the Inspectorate and District Office, while the community also monitors and critiques implementation. Regarding the food security program, there will be a shift in management to BUMDes starting in 2025, pending new regulations. The APBDes covers revenue, expenditures, and financing, with village deliberations as the highest forum for approval. Village funds are considered insufficient, so assistance from the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) also plays an important role.

This research aims to analyze employee work stress at PT X. The objectives of this study include understanding the factors that cause employee work stress at PT X, knowing the strategies used by PT X in overcoming work stress, and the company's response to employee work stress that occurs at PT X. The research method used is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. The background of this research is based on excessive workload in the work environment, decreased motivation caused by a lack of attention from the company to workers. The results of this study show that high levels of stress among PT X employees significantly affect employee performance. Employees often feel frustrated to the point of forcing themselves to complete work quickly. As a result, employees are exposed to work stress and performance productivity decreases. To overcome this problem. PT X has implemented workload mapping strategies, appreciation in the form of compensation, and recruitment of new employees. The implementation of this strategy has shown positive results in improving employee productivity and performance efficiency. This study concludes that high work stress has certain consequences on employee performance. Recommendations include stress management programs, periodic performance effectiveness evaluations, and further studies that explore the relationship of job stress with other variables, such as individualism and leadership. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of more effective human resource management strategies in modern work environments.

This activity aims to improve the motor skills of early childhood through outdoor play activities at Pelangi Bulukumba Kindergarten. The activity was conducted over six sessions in May 2025 by lecturers and students of the Early Childhood Education Study Programme at STAI Al Gazali Bulukumba. The activity stages began with coordination with the school, observation, development of a lesson plan, instrument validation, and the implementation of a pre-test, outdoor play interventions, and a post-test. The activities included various gross and fine motor games, such as zig-zag running, jumping, and moving small objects. Evaluation results showed a significant improvement in children's motor skills, with 100% of children achieving the “Very Good Development” category after the activity. A paired sample t-test showed a significant difference (p = 0.000), indicating the effectiveness of this method. These findings reinforce motor development and developmental ecology theories, which emphasise the importance of the natural environment in supporting children's growth and development. In conclusion, outdoor play is effective in improving children's motor skills and is recommended for regular integration into the kindergarten curriculum. Parent involvement and the development of modules, along with ongoing evaluation, are necessary for the sustainability of this programme.Keywords: gross motor skills, fine motor skills, outdoor play, locomotor skills,

This study uses a qualitative method to examine the efficiency of public budget utilization in improving social welfare. The focus of this research is on how budget management policies are directed toward meeting basic community needs and promoting equitable social justice. In many cases, inefficiencies arise due to poorly targeted planning, overlapping programs, and the lack of proper evaluation of activities funded by national or regional budgets. This study reviews relevant literature and public policy regulations, analyzing policy data in the context of budget efficiency. The findings indicate that social welfare can be significantly enhanced when budget allocations are directed toward priority programs supported by consistent evaluation mechanisms. A synergistic effort between policymakers and program implementers is essential to ensure that public spending effectively achieves social development goals. This research also highlights the importance of a result-based approach in fiscal management to ensure that every dollar spent delivers tangible benefits to society.    

The Community Service Program (KKN) of the Faculty of Economics, UNKRIS, aims to raise awareness and change behavior among the community in Pondokgede sub-district regarding the environment, starting with the household environment in handling organic and inorganic waste through composting and the use of Biopori Infiltration Pits (LRB), waste banks, and greening for Green Open Spaces (RTH). The method used in this study is qualitative analysis. Before the KKN FE UNKRIS activities were implemented, several steps were taken to ensure the smoothness and effectiveness of the program, including preparation, implementation, and evaluation. Overall, the KKN FE UNKRIS program in the environmental conservation movement and its implementation in Pondokgede sub-district has had a positive impact on accelerating the development of Pondokgede sub-district, as evidenced by the improvement in community behavior toward the environment and the level of community satisfaction with the KKN FE UNKRIS program. The implications of this KKN program include the need for continuous monitoring to ensure that community awareness of a clean and healthy environment continues to increase. Additionally, the program should be continued until the stage of utilizing the results of waste processing generated by each community in Pondokgede.

This meta-review study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of mental health policies targeting refugees from the Middle East based on a systematic analysis of 87 policies issued across 12 refugee-hosting countries during the period from 2015 to 2023. Employing the PRISMA approach and thematic analysis, this research found that only 34.5% of all reviewed policies met the World Health Organization's minimum standards regarding mental health services for refugees. In comparison, the effective implementation rate of those policies meeting the standards reached only 28.7% (CI 95%, p<0.001). Findings from the logistic regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the scale of mental health budget allocations and recovery rates from PTSD among refugee populations, where every 10% increase in budget allocation corresponded to a 15.3% reduction in PTSD prevalence (r=0.78, p<0.001). Furthermore, the meta-analysis results from this study demonstrated that community-based policies were 2.4 times more effective (OR=2.4, CI 95%: 1.8–3.1) than those employing institutional approaches. Hence, diverging from the conclusions posited by Turrini et al. (2019) and Sijbrandij (2017), which emphasized clinical interventions, this study has instead affirmed that integrating cultural-spiritual approaches with conventional therapy can enhance treatment success by 47.2%. Additionally, these findings expand the conceptual framework previously proposed by Watters (2001) on holistic approaches by identifying five key elements that form the foundation of effective mental health policies: universal access, cultural sensitivity, community empowerment, service integration, and program sustainability.

This Community Service activity aims to increase the capacity of women farmer groups (KWT) in developing human resources (HR) in the agricultural sector. KWT plays a crucial role as agents of change in improving food security and family welfare. However, limited knowledge, managerial skills, and access to technology are often major obstacles. The research method used was a qualitative approach with a case study technique. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with KWT members. The results showed that capacity building can be achieved through several strategies, including: 1) Continuous training on innovative cultivation techniques, financial management, and agricultural product marketing; 2) Intensive mentoring by agricultural extension workers in implementing new practices; and 3) Facilitating access to resources such as capital, market information, and appropriate technology. This capacity building not only increases agricultural productivity but also strengthens women's economic independence, self-confidence, and strategic roles in decision-making at the community level. Thus, strengthening KWT in human resource development is an important investment to realize a more sustainable and gender-equitable agriculture. Furthermore, this community service activity highlights the importance of community participation in maintaining the program's sustainability. Active participation by KWT members in every stage of the program, from planning to evaluation, is crucial to ensuring that the program is tailored to local needs and conditions. Through collaboration between KWT, agricultural extension workers, and various other stakeholders, such as microfinance institutions and local governments, it is hoped that an ecosystem will be created that supports the growth and development of an inclusive and sustainable agricultural sector. This program is expected to have a long-term impact, not only on the welfare of KWT members but also on improving food security at the community level.

The incentive program for Al-Qur'an Education Park (TPQ) teachers in Batam City is part of a regional policy aimed at supporting the role and function of Al-Qur'an teachers in fulfilling Al-Qur'an literacy certification and basic religious understanding for elementary and secondary school students. This program has been implemented since 2009 and has experienced a gradual increase in incentive values until 2024. However, in Nongsa District, the implementation of this program still faces several obstacles. Identified problems include delays in fund distribution, inaccurate data verification, and inaccurate targeting of incentive recipients. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the incentive program managed by the Al-Qur'an Teacher Consultative Body (BMGQ) of Nongsa District by the Batam City Government. The research method used is qualitative, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, documentation, and observation. The results show that this program has had a positive impact, especially in increasing teachers' teaching enthusiasm, helping their economy, and maintaining the sustainability of Al-Qur'an education in the region. However, the effectiveness of program implementation is not yet optimal. Obstacles identified include a lack of publicity regarding the program's objectives to the community and beneficiaries, limited incentive recipient quotas, the lack of a real-time data monitoring system, and delays in the document signing process (amprah), which has delayed incentive disbursement. Therefore, ongoing evaluation by the local government and the BMGQ (Regional Teachers' Association) is necessary to ensure that incentive distribution is more targeted, equitable, and in line with the program's initial objectives, so that all TPQ teachers in Nongsa District can experience maximum benefits.

Watershed management requires active community participation as a key actor in ensuring environmental sustainability. This study aims to analyze the forms, levels, and factors influencing community participation in the management of the Bone Bolango Watershed in Gorontalo Province. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach supported by quantitative data from questionnaires distributed to 45 respondents. The results show that 75.6% of respondents are unaware of watershed programs, and only 24.4% have been involved in the planning stage. In the implementation stage, participation reaches 53.3%, mainly in reforestation and waste management activities. About 48.9% are aware of the evaluation process, but only 40% consider it transparent. Some community members (44.4%) perceive economic benefits, especially from planting productive trees. Educational activities are considered effective by 71.1% of respondents, although participation remains limited. The Bone Watershed Forum is viewed as strategic, yet community involvement needs to be strengthened. Enhancing local institutional capacity, transparency, and cross-sector collaboration is essential to improving sustainable community participation in watershed management.

This community service program was carried out with the primary objective of improving the institutional capacity of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Kedaton Village, Kedaton Peninjauan Raya District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. The focus of the activity was training and mentoring in the preparation of legally based Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), in order to strengthen village business governance in a participatory and sustainable manner. The method used was a participatory approach, involving village officials and the local community in every stage of the activity, from identifying institutional problems, preparing SOP documents, to evaluation and follow-up. This activity was carried out through workshops, focus group discussions, and technical mentoring, so that participants not only received theoretical material but also actively participated in preparing and implementing SOPs relevant to the needs of the BUMDes. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in legal awareness among BUMDes managers and the village community. In addition, a new institution was formed in the form of a Village SOP Team that plays a driving role in the process of preparing and supervising the implementation of SOPs. Local leaders who have a concern for business governance and village community empowerment also emerged. The development of SOPs not only strengthens the administrative aspects of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) but also encourages social transformation. Communities become more involved in decision-making and develop a sense of ownership of village businesses. These findings indicate that integrating a legal approach into community empowerment practices can be an effective strategy for increasing accountability, transparency, and the future sustainability of village businesses.