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The rapid development of information technology has encouraged various educational institutions, including non-formal education providers, to utilize digital media as an effective means of information dissemination and communication with the wider community. Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an (TPQ) Jabal Annur, located in Tambun Selatan, Bekasi Regency, still experiences limitations in delivering information to the public due to the absence of a website-based information medium. Currently, information related to the institutional profile, learning activities, schedules, and official announcements is conveyed through conventional methods, which are less effective and have limited reach. Therefore, this community service activity aims to assist TPQ Jabal Annur in developing a simple, functional, and accessible information website using HTML and CSS, as well as deploying it through the GitHub Pages platform. The implementation method consists of several stages, including initial observation to identify partner needs, website interface and content design, website development, and implementation and deployment. The result of this activity is an official TPQ website that can be accessed online and functions as a centralized information medium for students, parents, and the surrounding community. The availability of this website is expected to enhance the effectiveness, accuracy, and accessibility of information delivery, as well as to support the digital transformation process in non-formal religious education institutions in adapting to the demands of the digital era.

The reform of criminal investigation procedures has become a crucial aspect of Indonesia’s criminal justice system renewal, particularly following the enactment of the new Criminal Code, which introduces significant shifts regarding the rights of suspects, investigative authority, and the implementation of due process of law. In an era of rapid digital development, investigative practices must also incorporate the principles of good governance and human rights protection to ensure that state authority is exercised proportionally. This study aims to analyze the relevance of the principles of good governance in modern investigative processes, assess the adequacy of due process guarantees under the current Code of Criminal Procedureand the new Criminal Code, and identify practical challenges in application. Using a normative legal research method through statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study finds that criminal investigations in Indonesia continue to face issues such as normative inconsistency, regulatory disharmony, and weak accountability mechanisms. The integration of the principles of good governance has the potential to strengthen the quality and fairness of investigations, yet requires clearer normative foundations and consistent implementation. Moreover, the new Criminal Code does not fully resolve harmonization issues with Code of Criminal Procedure, making procedural reform an urgent necessity. The findings contribute to the enhancement of suspect protection, professionalism among investigators, and the overall improvement of Indonesia’s criminal justice system.

This study seeks to examine how halal certification policies are implemented as a strategy to expand market access for food-based MSMEs in Dumai City. Using a literature review within a qualitative descriptive framework, the research explores the regulatory foundation, the Free Halal Certification Program (SEHATI), and the respective roles of BPJPH, local government, and MUI. Findings indicate that halal certification functions not only as a form of religious assurance but also as an economic tool that increases consumer confidence, widens the halal product market, and strengthens the competitiveness of local MSMEs. The SEHATI initiative in Dumai has effectively boosted business participation and raised public understanding regarding the significance of halal labeling. It has also contributed to turnover growth of up to 45%, empowered women-led enterprises, and reinforced Dumai’s positioning as a leading halal culinary destination. Despite these achievements, challenges remain, including a limited number of halal facilitators, inadequate digital literacy among business operators, and insufficient coordination across involved institutions.

The enforcement of ethical codes within the civil service is a fundamental pillar for maintaining public trust and bureaucratic integrity. However, the implementation of disciplinary sanctions for Civil Servants (Aparatur Sipil Negara or ASN) in Indonesia currently faces significant challenges regarding fairness and consistency. (Problem) The core issue lies in the broad administrative discretion possessed by investigators (Tim Pemeriksa) under Government Regulation No. 94 of 2021, which often leads to subjective, legalistic, and disproportionate sanctioning without considering substantive justice. This study aims to analyze the weaknesses of the current sanction implementation mechanism and proposes a reconstruction of the investigators' authority based on the value of justice (Nilai Keadilan). Using a normative juridical approach and conceptual analysis, this research examines current regulations and compares them with the principles of Dignified Justice. The study finds that the current positivistic approach tends to ignore the human aspect and restorative potential of the sanctions. Consequently, a reconstructed model is proposed where investigators must integrate ethical deliberation and justice values into their examination process, ensuring sanctions are not merely punitive but also corrective and fair.

Legal certainty (rechtssicherheit) is a fundamental pillar of the Rule of Law, ensuring that legal provisions are clear, consistent, and predictable. In the Indonesian criminal justice system, the Public Prosecutor holds a central position as the Dominus Litis (the master of the suit), possessing the exclusive authority to determine which cases proceed to court. However, the current implementation of prosecutorial authority often leans towards rigid legal positivism, creating a paradox where procedural certainty is achieved at the expense of substantive justice. Disparities in prosecution demands for similar crimes often lead to public distrust and legal uncertainty for justice seekers. Furthermore, prosecutors often lack the cognitive flexibility to handle complex cases that require discretionary wisdom. This study aims to analyze the challenges in maintaining legal certainty and proposes a strategy to enhance the prosecutor's role through the integration of Restorative Justice and a reform in prosecutorial competency. The research employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, analyzing Attorney General Regulation No. 15 of 2020. The study finds that enhancing legal certainty requires shifting the paradigm from "mechanical prosecution" to "discretionary prosecution" based on conscience. To achieve this, prosecutors must be equipped with high-level cognitive skills specifically "Creative Thinking" to interpret "certainty" not just as textual compliance, but as the consistent application of fairness.

The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has generated significant benefits while simultaneously creating new opportunities for cyber-based sexual offenses, particularly through deepfake technology, which enables the manipulation of a person's face into pornographic content without consent. This study examines criminal liability for perpetrators of AI-based sexual harassment and legal protection for victims in deepfake pornography cases, focusing on a case involving a student at Udayana University, Bali. This research employs a normative legal method by analyzing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that although Indonesian law does not yet explicitly regulate deepfake technology, perpetrators can still be prosecuted under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, Pornography Law, Sexual Violence Law, and the new Criminal Code. Criminal intent is established through the deliberate manipulation, creation, and dissemination of non- consensual sexual content. Furthermore, victims are entitled to legal protection, including psychological recovery, privacy rights, restitution, and content removal. This study highlights the urgency of developing specific regulations addressing AI-related sexual crimes, enhancing forensic digital capabilities, and strengthening victim-centered protection mechanisms. The research contributes to the legal discourse on emerging digital crimes and emphasizes the need for adaptive legal frameworks in the AI era.  

The Community Service Program (Kuliah Kerja Nyata / KKN) is a form of higher education’s commitment to applying academic knowledge in real-life settings to empower rural communities sustainably. This KKN program was conducted in Nangka Village, Air Gegas District, Bangka Selatan Regency, focusing on strengthening economic innovation and legal education to improve community welfare. The activities were implemented through a participatory approach consisting of initial observation, collaborative planning with village authorities and target groups, program implementation such as MSME mentoring, digital marketing training, legal awareness sessions, social outreach, and participatory evaluation. The results revealed improvements in local entrepreneurs’ capacity to market their products digitally, enhanced legal awareness among villagers, increased skills and participation of local youth in economic and social activities, and the emergence of sustainable initiatives supported by the village government. In conclusion, integrating economic innovation with legal education through KKN has proven effective in enhancing community welfare and strengthening inclusive and sustainable village empowerment.

This research examines the complex dynamics of Islam-West interactions through a historical-analytical approach, focusing on the evolution of these relations from medieval encounters to contemporary developments. Using qualitative methods through extensive literature review and critical discourse analysis, this study analyzes the multifaceted nature of Islam-West relations across historical periods, contemporary contexts, and emerging paradigms of engagement. Findings reveal that Islam-West interactions have evolved through distinct historical phases: medieval encounters characterized by both intellectual exchange and military conflicts, colonial experiences that created lasting power asymmetries, and contemporary dynamics shaped by geopolitical tensions, migration patterns, and globalization. The research identifies three major contemporary challenges: persistent Orientalist and Islamophobic discourses, geopolitical conflicts intensifying civilizational narratives, and internal diversity within both civilizational spheres that complicates unified engagement. The study proposes a transformative model of Islam-West relations founded on shared ethical values, contextual understanding of religious texts, collaborative approaches to global challenges, and recognition of internal pluralism within both traditions. This research contributes to intercultural understanding by offering a nuanced historical perspective on Islam-West relations and establishing a theoretical framework for constructive engagement in an increasingly interconnected world

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategy implemented by the Ngurah Rai Taxi Transportation Cooperative in responding to competition in the transportation industry in the digital era. Unlike application-based transportation companies, Ngurah Rai Taxi is a local transportation service provider that does not use a booking application, but instead relies on direct marketing activities at Ngurah Rai International Airport and the use of social media as a marketing communication tool. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. The research informants consist of an operational manager, field staff, a social media administrator, and taxi drivers. The findings indicate that the marketing strategy of Ngurah Rai Taxi emphasizes personal interaction, trust, and its image as an official airport taxi. Analysis using the AIDA model shows that consumer attention and interest are built through physical presence in the airport arrival area and direct communication, while desire and action are influenced by factors such as safety, fare certainty, and service comfort. This study confirms that direct service-based marketing strategies remain relevant and competitive within the context of Bali’s tourism market.

This study aims to determine (1) the forms of legal protection that exist in Indonesia in protecting children from negative visual and verbal content in online games, and (2) the legal responsibility of online game electronic system organizers for exposure to negative visual and verbal content in children. The type of research used is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach. The data used are secondary data obtained through document studies, with qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the study show that legal protection for children from negative visual and verbal impacts in online games is regulated through various regulations, including Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions, and Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Information Technology Number 5 of 2021 and Number 2 of 2024. However, its implementation still faces obstacles such as weak age verification, non-objective independent classification, and easily circumvented language filtering. The legal responsibility of online game electronic system organizers for negative visual and verbal content on children can result in administrative or criminal sanctions, according to the Child Protection Law and iRegulation of ithe Minister iof Communication and Information Technology Number 5 of 2021.

This study analyzes the role of constitutional courts in maintaining the rule of law through a comparative study between the Constitutional Court of Indonesia and the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany (Bundesverfassungsgericht). Using a juridical-normative approach with comparative methods, the research examines legal documents, court decisions, and academic literature related to the rule of law and constitutionalism. Secondary data were sourced from scientific journals, laws, and key court decisions, including the Lüth Case (1958), Brokdorf Case (1985), and Lisbon Treaty Case (2009) in Germany, as well as Indonesia's Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 on the Job Creation Law. The study shows that both countries consider the constitution as the highest norm and position their constitutional courts as guardians of the rule of law. However, Germany’s court enjoys high compliance, whereas Indonesia faces challenges due to weak legal culture, political intervention, and low integrity in law enforcement. The German court has developed the living constitution doctrine, while Indonesia remains more formalistic and reactive. This study concludes that the success of constitutional courts depends on institutional independence, compliance by state institutions, and a societal legal culture that respects the constitution.

This research examines the thought of Khawarij and Murji'ah in contemporary Islamic context with a focus on the relevance and application of these historical theological concepts to issues of extremism and moderation in the modern era. Through a qualitative approach with library research method, this study analyzes the doctrines of both groups and contemporary manifestations of their thinking. The results show that contemporary religious extremism phenomena have ideological connections with classical Khawarij characteristics such as takfirism, textual literalism, and tendency toward violence, while excessive political apathy reflects similarities with Murji'ah. The main challenges identified are how to balance religious commitment with tolerance in plural societies, and to overcome extreme tendencies in religious interpretation. In conclusion, a deep understanding of the historical roots of this thought can contribute to the development of a comprehensive approach to religious moderation in the modern era, with significant implications for social harmony and deradicalization efforts.

Digital transformation has become an essential approach for MSMEs to improve their operational efficiency and market competitiveness. This research investigates the acceptance of electronic payment systems among MSMEs using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to MSME respondents and analyzed using the bootstrapping technique to evaluate the significance of variable relationships. The findings reveal that Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) has a significant impact on both Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Attitude Toward Using (ATU). Moreover, PU and ATU exert positive influences on Behavioral Intention (BI), with R² values of 0.65 for ATU and 0.71 for BI. These results suggest that the perceived ease of use and usefulness of electronic payment systems play a crucial role in shaping MSMEs’ attitudes and intentions toward adopting digital technologies. This study offers insights for formulating effective digital transformation strategies for MSMEs through the implementation of electronic payment systems.

This journal examines the criminal act of corruption related to village treasury land (tanah kas desa) in Yogyakarta, with a specific focus on the District Court Decision No. 8/Pid.Sus-TPK/2023/PN Yyk. The objectives are to identify the underlying reasons behind corruption practices, analyze the application of substantive criminal law, and assess the state losses as well as possible preventive measures for future land management. The study employs a qualitative research method through interviews, documentation, and literature review, involving key informants from the judiciary, prosecution office, police sector, and village administration. The findings reveal that corruption in village treasury land is driven by internal factors such as personal motives, economic background, moral integrity, legal awareness, and authority, as well as external factors including non-transparent bureaucracy, ingrained corruption culture, weak supervision, ineffective legal systems, and socio-economic pressures. The application of substantive criminal law is reflected in the assessment of elements of corruption, judicial considerations, and the interplay between legal norms, social impacts, and local wisdom. Furthermore, the study highlights significant economic and social losses, and recommends strategies for prevention, governance improvement, and strengthening accountability to minimize corruption risks in village land management.

The purpose of this study is to determine how the social behavior of the Margoagung Village Community, especially Ngino Hamlet, in preserving local wisdom inherited from the ancestors of Mbah Bregas, especially in building community harmony. This field research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. This research was conducted by taking a case study in Ngino Hamlet, Margoagung Village, Seyegan Sub-district, Sleman Regency from June to July 2025. The informants of this study were the leaders, committees, traditional figures and all parties involved and witnessed directly the Merti activities of Margoagung Village. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through four stages, namely: data documentation, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification. The study findings show that the entire series of Merti activities of Mbah Bregas Village, Margoagung Village build community harmony through participation, cooperation and mutual cooperation without distinguishing religion, ethnicity, race, social strata and profession.

The death of Diplomat Arya Daru has opened up a space for reflection on the extent to which the state has fulfilled its investigative obligations to guarantee the right to life and the right to truth, as fundamental human rights. The delay and secrecy of the investigation indicate institutional accountability issues and weak mechanisms for protecting the rights of victims and their families. This study uses a doctrinal legal approach to examine the state's position through the perspectives of positive obligations theory and distributive justice, which emphasize the state's active obligation to protect, disclose, and restore citizens' basic rights. The analysis shows that the lack of transparency in the investigative process not only violates the principle of justice but also reflects inequality in the distribution of legal protection. The state should ensure that justice does not stop at the formal level but is realized through transparent, independent investigations based on factual truth. In the context of human rights, the state's passive attitude towards alleged violations of the right to life can be interpreted as a denial of its constitutional and moral responsibilities. This study emphasizes that fulfilling the right to truth is an integral part of distributive justice and is non-negotiable. Thus, the Arya Daru case is an important indicator for assessing the state's seriousness in realizing a legal system that is just, accountable and oriented towards respecting human dignity.

Child exploitation is a serious violation of human rights that involves children as victims. In Indonesia, such cases frequently occur due to severe economic pressure, lack of education, weak social supervision, and inadequate law enforcement. Children are often used as laborers or sources of income, either directly in the informal sector or through digital media. This study aims to examine how the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia addresses cases of child exploitation and to evaluate the effectiveness of legal protection for child victims. The research employs a normative juridical approach by referring to statutory regulations and relevant legal concepts. Data were collected from various primary legal sources, including the Child Protection Law and the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law. The findings indicate that although legal regulations are relatively clear and firm, their implementation in practice remains problematic. Coordination among institutions is not yet effective, social rehabilitation for victims is insufficient, and public awareness regarding children’s rights remains low. Law enforcement also has not fully prioritized the restorative justice approach, which emphasizes victim recovery and active community involvement. Therefore, stronger and more integrated legal policies, improved law enforcement capacity, and the empowerment of families and communities are required to ensure sustainable child protection.

This paper examines the anatomy of extremism in Pakistan by analyzing its ideological, socio-economic, and geopolitical dimensions, as well as assessing the efficacy of the state’s counter-extremism responses. Extremism in Pakistan has evolved from sectarian and jihadist origins into a multidimensional threat fueled by ideological radicalization, socio-economic disparity, digital propaganda, and regional instability following the Taliban’s resurgence in Afghanistan. Despite significant tactical successes through military operations such as Zarb-e-Azb and Radd-ul-Fasaad, the state’s strategy remains constrained by weak policy coordination, limited ideological reform, and insufficient civilian engagement. The paper argues that Pakistan’s counter-extremism framework must move beyond reactive security measures toward proactive socio-political transformation. It proposes a reimagined strategic approach centered on five pillars: (1) reframing the National Action Plan (NAP 2.0) with stronger institutional coordination, (2) comprehensive education and madrassa reforms, (3) youth engagement and socio-economic reintegration, (4) digital resilience to counter online radicalization, and (5) regional cooperation through multilateral platforms such as the SCO. The study concludes that enduring resilience against extremism requires a whole-of-nation approach that integrates ideological pluralism, governance reform, and regional diplomacy to transform Pakistan’s counter-extremism policy from containment to long-term stability and inclusive national identity.

Our country is known as a nation that upholds human rights values. This is manifested in the recognition of the right to express opinions, which is specifically regulated in Law Number 9 of 1998 concerning Freedom of Expression in Public. Along with the increasing dynamics of political contestation and polarization in society, the frequency of demonstrations has also escalated. This condition places the professionalism and neutrality of the police force under increasing public scrutiny. The reduction in citizens' freedom to express their aspirations often creates a negative image of the police, particularly due to repressive actions and the use of discretion that is deemed disproportionate. Based on a normative juridical approach, this study aims to analyze the extent to which the state upholds access and protection of freedom of expression in public, as well as examine the application of human rights principles from both national and international legal perspectives in demonstrations

This research discusses the urgency of establishing a Village Regulation regarding the management of Tuah Benua Market to identify legal issues and the urgency of forming a village regulation. Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 42 of 2007 concerning Village Market Management does not specifically regulate market fees, sanctions, and prohibitions on trading outside Tuah Benua Market, resulting in a legal vacuum. This research uses empirical legal methods with direct observation and interviews in the field. The research results are expected to provide recommendations for the formation of effective Village Regulations in the management of Village Markets and support local economic development. The formation of a Village Regulation on the management of Tuah Benua Market is crucial to create legal certainty and improve the management of the Village Market. Village Regulations can regulate prohibitions on trading outside the market area, sanctions for traders who violate, and market fee policies. Thus, Tuah Benua Market can become a orderly, conducive, and beneficial trading center for the surrounding community. Village Regulations must be made considering the needs of the village community and implemented effectively to create a conducive and fair trading environment.