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The school uniform policy is part of the broader education policy aimed at instilling the values of nationalism, social equality, discipline, and fostering a spirit of unity among students. However, in its implementation in Pekanbaru City various issues are still found, such as the financial burden placed on parents for purchasing uniforms, lack of transparency from schools, and suboptimal parental involvement and supervision by the education office. This study employs a qualitative method with a descriptive phenomenology approach. The research refers to the policy implementation theory of Yulianto Kadji, namely the MSN Approach (Mentality-Approach, System-Approach, and Networking-Approach). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation. Informants included representatives from the Pekanbaru City Education Office, school principals, and parents. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the school uniform policy in Pekanbaru City has not been optimal. From the mentality approach, there are still objections from parents regarding the cost of uniforms and limited understanding of the policy regulations. From the systems perspective, regulations are not consistently enforced by schools, including a lack of prioritization for underprivileged students and the absence of strict sanctions for policy violations. Meanwhile, from the networking approach, parental involvement and the role of school committees in decision-making remain weak, resulting in the lack of effective strategic partnerships between schools, parents, and the education office.

Stunting is a serious public health problem in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effect of Supplementary Feeding Program (PMT) implementation on the success of stunting reduction programs in Lanji Village, Patebon District, Kendal Regency. The research method uses a quantitative approach with explanatory research type. The research population is families with stunted children totaling 48 respondents using census sampling technique. Data collection used questionnaires, observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used product moment correlation and significance test. The results showed that PMT implementation had a score of 80% (very high category), and success in stunting reduction 73% (high category). Correlation test results show a significant relationship between PMT implementation and stunting reduction success (r=0.61), show that the hypothesis is accepted at a significance level of 5%.

Global economic uncertainty has significantly impacted financial management, including within governmental institutions such as sub-district offices. This study aims to analyze how green corporate governance can serve as a solution to improve financial risk management at the Muara Enim Sub-District Office in South Sumatra. The research applies a qualitative explanatory approach using meta-analysis and focus group discussion (FGD) techniques. The findings reveal that economic uncertainty triggers high financial risks that cannot be adequately addressed through conventional good governance practices. Green corporate governance, with its sustainability orientation and strategic use of natural resources, emerges as an alternative solution to mitigate financial risk. Environmentally conscious governance practices, such as investment diversification based on local potential and waste management, have proven effective in enhancing financial stability and supporting domestic economic growth. This study recommends the implementation of green corporate governance as a policy approach that is adaptive to economic uncertainty and financial risk at the local government level.

Poverty remains a major problem in Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands Province. The government continues to attempt to address it by providing various forms of subsidies such as BPNT, BLT, and PKH. This study aims to assess the implementation of the subsidy program and identify the problems that arise. Using a qualitative method through desk research, this study found that subsidies have a positive impact on consumption and provide temporary economic support. However, their effectiveness is hindered by inaccurate recipient data, poor coordination between agencies, budget constraints, and low digital capabilities. In addition, the sectoral approach creates overlaps between programs. Therefore, digital data integration, improved monitoring, and community empowerment are needed to strengthen long-term impact. This study recommends improvements to subsidy policies to support sustainable poverty alleviation efforts in Tanjungpinang.  

This study aims to examine the strategy of optimizing waste retribution and its impact on increasing Local Original Income (PAD) in Karang Berombak Village, Medan City, using a literature study method. The data used are sourced from various relevant online references, such as scientific articles, research results, and policy publications. Data collection techniques are carried out through literature reviews that include statistical data, policy analysis, and case studies that are in accordance with the focus of the study. The results of the study indicate that optimizing waste retribution in order to increase PAD requires a comprehensive approach. The strategy includes structured planning, consistent supervision, increasing public awareness and participation, and providing adequate facilities and infrastructure. The implementation of this strategy in an integrated manner is expected to encourage the effectiveness of waste retribution management and contribute significantly to increasing PAD in Karang Berombak Village.

On the research of background, it is analyzed that the Implementation of the Population Administration Policy Through a Fast, Safe and Friendly Service System at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Ciamis Regency. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of the Si Lancer application service at the Population and Civil Registration Service of Ciamis Regency. This research method uses descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the Implementation of the Population Administration Policy Through a Fast, Safe and Friendly Service System at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Ciamis Regency is not optimal, namely constrained by human resources in the Office, lack of facilities at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Ciamis Regency, lack of implementing attitudes where employees prefer conventional services, no application updates from the initial year of publication, namely 2021, and no fragmentation or group bodies specifically tasked with Si Lancar application services. This study contributes to broadening understanding of the practical benefits of implementing the use of the Si Lancar application at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Ciamis Regency.

Taxation contributes to national development, and Indonesia has responded to global dynamics by introducing Indonesia Core Tax, a digital system designed to improve tax transparency and compliance. Although Indonesia has adopted various digital systems such as e-Faktur and e-Invoicing, it still faces implementation challenges, while Malaysia is more advanced with its integrated and phased API-based e-Invois system. This study examines taxation policy within the framework of Indonesia Core Tax, focusing on the legal aspects of e-Invoicing implementation as part of the digital transformation of tax administration. The analysis covers the hierarchy and functions of legislation, from laws and regulations to Minister of Finance regulations (PMK) and technical regulations of the Directorate General of Taxes (DJP). This study uses a normative legal research method with a legislative approach and a comparative approach to compare Indonesia's digital taxation system with Malaysia's, covering legal structure, legal substance, and legal culture. The results of the study show that although Indonesia has a fairly complete digital legal framework, the implementation of the e-Invoicing system still faces challenges in terms of regulatory consistency and technological readiness. In contrast, Malaysia has already implemented a mandatory and centralized API-based e-Invoice system through a clearance model approach. This study recommends harmonizing digitalization policies in taxation and strengthening the legal system as strategic steps toward more effective and adaptive tax administration.

This study analyzes the Highest Retail Price (HET) policy for palm cooking oil. of palm cooking oil implemented by the Indonesian government through MOT Regulation of the Minister of Trade (Permendag) Number 1 of 2022 as revoked based on Permendag Number 6 of 2022 concerning the Determination of HET of Palm Cooking Oil, and its implications for business competition based on Law No. 5 of 1999 on the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices. based on Law No.5/1999 on the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. and Unfair Business Competition. The price ceiling policy aims to protect consumers from uncontrolled price increases, especially for low-income households. low-income communities. However, its implementation has caused negative impacts such as scarcity and losses for producers, which was found to have violated Article 19 letter c of Law No.5 Year 1999 by KPPU. violated Article 19 letter c of Law No. 5 Year 1999 by KPPU. Producers filed an objection, and the Central Jakarta Commercial Court ruled that the scarcity of cooking oil was the impact of the single price ceiling policy, and therefore the KPPU's decision was canceled. This research uses normative legal methods by analyzing legal principles in court decisions and related regulations. The results show that the price ceiling policy needs to be re-evaluated to balance the interests of consumers and producers. balance the interests of consumers and producers. Implications of the court decision court decision is the need for stricter supervision and participation of stakeholders in the formulation of future price ceiling policies. stakeholders in the formulation of the price ceiling policy in the future. This research contributes theoretically in the field of competition law and practically as a reference for policy makers. as a reference for policy makers.

The policy of mandatory relocation in post-disaster areas, particularly in Cianjur's red zones, plays a crucial role in mitigating risks associated with earthquakes and other natural disasters. This study analyzes the implementation of this policy from the perspective of local government tasks and functions, focusing on the coordination of various stakeholders, legal frameworks, and community involvement. The research uses a qualitative approach, combining legal-normative and sociological perspectives to explore the challenges and conflicts faced during the relocation process. Findings indicate that while the policy has been crucial in safeguarding public safety, its implementation has faced significant challenges such as budget constraints, community resistance, and logistical issues. The study highlights the importance of improving collaboration among local authorities, security agencies, and affected communities. The findings also suggest the need for a more transparent and inclusive approach to policy implementation, ensuring the protection of displaced populations' rights.

This study evaluates the implementation of water source conservation and conservation forest policies in Tuban Regency that integrate collaborative methods between various parties and local wisdom. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with staff from the Environmental Service, representatives of environmental NGOs, traditional leaders, and local communities, coupled with field observations related to the “Adopt a Spring” and “Forest School” programs. The results of the study indicate that the success of the policy is not only supported by local regulations, but also by collaboration involving the government, local communities, the private sector, and educational institutions. Local wisdom, such as the “nyadran sumber” ceremony and traditional protected forest methods, increase the legitimacy and effectiveness of environmental protection. However, obstacles arise as a result of lack of funds, economic pressures, and changes in values ​​among the younger generation. This study suggests sustainability education and cross-sector collaboration forums, strengthening sustainable economic schemes based on ecotourism and agroforestry, and contextual environmental education to maintain the sustainability of the program. These results confirm that conservation policies integrated with local wisdom and cross-sector collaboration can be an innovative model for other regions, while strengthening the paradigm of sustainable development that is responsive to the existing socio-cultural context.

The People’s Palm Oil Replanting Program (PSR) is a national policy aimed at improving the productivity of smallholder plantations through the replanting of aging and unproductive oil palm trees. This study reviews the implementation of PSR in Indonesia by analyzing ten scholarly articles through a literature study approach. The findings indicate that program effectiveness is significantly influenced by technical support such as training, mentoring, the application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), and strategic partnerships for harvest absorption. However, implementation faces several challenges, including limited human resources, damaged equipment, inadequate funding, prolonged replanting periods, weak coordination among stakeholders, and lack of policy dissemination. Local institutions such as cooperatives (KUD) and farmer groups (Gapoktan) play crucial roles in ensuring program sustainability and inclusiveness by acting as managers and conflict mediators. Although farmers are generally ready and actively participate, regulatory constraints—particularly the requirement of financial guarantors—remain a barrier. The study recommends strengthening local institutional capacity, enhancing stakeholder synergy, and simplifying financial schemes as strategic steps to improve the long-term effectiveness of the PSR program.

This study examines criminal responsibility in the context of utility through LPKA policy, motivated by the increasing involvement of children in deviant behavior that requires a humanistic approach to rehabilitation. Using a legal-normative method with a legal and theoretical approach, the study analyzes the implementation of Jeremy Bentham's utilitarianism in the child rehabilitation system. The results indicate that LPKA has adopted the principle of utilitarianism through a paradigm shift from retributive to restorative, reflected in comprehensive rehabilitation programs encompassing education, skills training, and psychosocial support. However, optimal implementation is hindered by resource constraints and an inadequate evaluation system. The study recommends the development of a sustainable evaluation mechanism that includes long-term indicators to measure effectiveness in accordance with utilitarianism principles.

The problem of waste management in Indonesia is increasingly pressing, with more than 11.3 million tons of waste unmanaged each year. Semarang City, which produces 1,300 tons of waste per day, faces similar challenges with suboptimal waste collection rates. In response to this crisis, the Semarang City Government launched the “Clean Semarang” program with a zero waste approach by strengthening more than 150 community-based waste banks. This study uses a qualitative case study approach to analyze the implementation of the program, the role of waste banks, management challenges, and their contribution to SDGs 11.6 and 12.5. The results show that waste banks play a role in environmental education, reducing waste to landfills, economic empowerment, and cross-sector collaboration. However, unequal community participation, limited infrastructure, and policy barriers remain challenges. This program has proven to be relevant in encouraging sustainable waste management and can be a model for replication in other cities.

Inclusive empowerment is a village development approach that emphasizes the active involvement of vulnerable groups—such as women, the elderly, people with disabilities , and the poor—in all stages of planning through to evaluation. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Village-Owned Enterprises ( BUMDes ) program in Daha Utara District, South Kalimantan, in ensuring participation and accessibility for these groups. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews with BUMDes managers and representatives of vulnerable groups. The evaluation was conducted based on William N. Dunn's six policy indicators: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, fairness, responsiveness , and accuracy. The results show that the BUMDes program has had a limited positive impact on increasing the income of vulnerable groups, but their involvement is still limited, both in terms of participation and physical access. The main challenges include the lack of disability- friendly infrastructure , minimal capacity training, and community resistance due to low program transparency. On the other hand, local cultural support such as mutual cooperation, involvement of traditional leaders, and partnerships with the village government are important supporting factors. This study recommends increasing human resource capacity, strengthening inclusive infrastructure, socialization based on local wisdom, and adaptive digitalization to expand access. With strategic intervention, BUMDes is expected to be able to transform into a driving force for fair, participatory and sustainable village development.

Debt-receivable problems are classic problems in economic activities that if not resolved properly can result in legal uncertainty and losses to the parties involved. One of the legal instruments provided in the Indonesian legal system to resolve these disputes is through the bankruptcy mechanism. This study aims to review the legal provisions regarding bankruptcy as regulated in Law Number 37 of 2004 and evaluate the effectiveness of its implementation as a solution to resolving debt-receivable problems. The method used in this study is the normative legal approach, by reviewing statutory provisions, legal doctrine, and court decisions. The results of the study indicate that although normatively the bankruptcy mechanism has a clear legal structure, its implementation in the field still faces obstacles in terms of process efficiency, protection of creditor and debtor rights, and supervision of curators. Therefore, policy updates and optimization of the function of judicial institutions are needed to increase public trust in this mechanism.

This study aims to compare the implementation of Income Tax (Article 21) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach through a literature review of tax regulations, official reports from the Directorate General of Taxes, and academic journals. The results show that prior to the pandemic, Article 21 Income Tax was applied normally with the tax borne by employees. During the pandemic, the government provided tax incentives through the Article 21 Income Tax Borne by the Government (DTP) policy as part of a fiscal stimulus package. After the pandemic, the incentive policy was discontinued and the implementation returned to the normal tax system. This study concludes that fiscal policy is adaptive to crisis conditions, and tax incentives have proven effective in maintaining public purchasing power and encouraging tax compliance.   Keywords: Income Tax, Article 21, COVID-19, Tax Incentives, Fiscal Policy.

The plastic waste emergency in Denpasar reflects an ecological and social crisis due to the accumulation of single-use plastics. In response, the Bali Provincial Government issued Governor Regulation No. 97/2018, though its implementation remains limited. This study analyzes forms of community resistance to the policy and identifies structural causes and implications. Using a qualitative approach grounded in Cultural Studies, the research reveals resistance in passive, symbolic, and active forms, driven by information asymmetry, economic burdens, and lack of participatory policy-making. Findings show resistance as an articulation of agency within power/knowledge relations. The study concludes that environmental policy success depends on authentic public engagement as subjects of change.

The development of digital technology has provided convenience in various aspects of life, but also presents new challenges in the form of cybercrime. One of the increasingly widespread modes in Indonesia is the spread of APK (Android Package Kit)-based malware via short messages offering fake job vacancies or fictitious package notifications. When the victim downloads and installs the application, the perpetrator gains access to personal data and banking accounts, which are then used for criminal acts. This phenomenon causes great financial and emotional losses for the community and tests the effectiveness of criminal law in dealing with technology-based cybercrime. This study uses a normative juridical approach with an analysis of laws and regulations, scientific literature, and actual case studies. The results of the study show that the perpetrators can be charged with Articles 30, 32, and 35 of the ITE Law, as well as provisions in the new Criminal Code. However, the implementation of law enforcement still faces challenges, such as digital evidence, limited investigator capacity, and minimal cross-country cooperation. Therefore, cyber law policy reform, increasing digital literacy in the community, and strengthening coordination between law enforcement agencies are needed.

Natuna waters are the most vulnerable area to illegal fishing because there is abundant potential for fishery resources. It was recorded that from May to December 2016, there were 280 foreign vessels in Natuna waters, which resulted in economic losses of 2.98 trillion Rupiah. This study aims to examine and assess the policies and actions that the Indonesian government has implemented in overcoming illegal fishing activities in the area. The results of this study are that the Natuna Waters Area is part of the Indonesian Archipelago Sea Lane (ALKI) and functions as a global waterway. The Natuna Waters Area borders with neighboring countries and is connected to open waters, making it vulnerable to illegal fishing activities. The Indonesian government's strategy in dealing with cases of unlawful fishing in Natuna waters effectively increases the protection of state sovereignty and marine resources through policies such as sinking ships and maritime diplomacy. However, this implementation policy overcomes obstacles in the form of intimidation from other countries, such as China, and weaknesses in supervision and coordination between domestic institutions, which can affect microorganisms in fisheries management and maritime security in the area.

Organizing government affairs in the land sector is The National Land Agency (BPN) holds the authority to manage land-related affairs, including the administrative resolution of land disputes within its jurisdiction.The foundation for BPN's ability to act as a mediator and assist the parties in identifying several options for settling conflicts without resorting to decision-making or coercion is Regulation of the Head of BPN No. 11 of 2016. To put it another way, this research approach combines qualitative legal data analysis with a normative legal research methodology. Land disputes that fall under BPN's purview are the focus of this study. A peace agreement signed by involving the disputing parties and the mediator, along with documented proceedings of the mediation process signed by the mediator, document the agreement achieved in the event that mediation is successful. The peace accord that the BPN mediator mediated is exclusively.