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Perkembangan anak merupakan aspek fundamental dalam pendidikan Islam yang memandang anak sebagai makhluk biologis, psikologis, dan spiritual yang membawa fitrah sejak lahir. Fitrah dipahami sebagai potensi bawaan yang mengarah pada tauhid dan nilai-nilai kebaikan, sehingga pemahaman terhadap fitrah dan tahapan perkembangan anak menjadi dasar penting dalam perancangan pembelajaran yang efektif dan bermakna. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji konsep fitrah anak serta relevansinya dengan proses perkembangan dan pembelajaran dalam perspektif Islam, sekaligus mengidentifikasi pandangan psikologi pendidikan Islam terhadap tahapan perkembangan anak. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menelaah buku ilmiah dan artikel jurnal akademik dari basis data terpercaya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa fitrah anak menjadi landasan utama perkembangan dan pembelajaran yang mencakup dimensi spiritual, moral, intelektual, emosional, dan sosial. Psikologi pendidikan Islam memandang perkembangan anak sebagai proses bertahap dan holistik melalui integrasi aspek jasmani, akal, dan rohani dengan prinsip tarbiyah yang gradual dan kontekstual. Pembelajaran menempatkan anak sebagai subjek aktif, berorientasi pada pembentukan karakter dan kesadaran spiritual selain capaian kognitif. Dengan demikian, psikologi pendidikan Islam menawarkan paradigma pendidikan holistik yang relevan dalam mengembangkan potensi anak menuju insan kamil.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to assist students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Shirojut Thalibin in understanding the adolescent development period through the perspectives of Aristotle, Comenius, and Charlotte Bühler. The mentoring was motivated by the complexity of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual changes during adolescence and the low interest of students in studying the stages of human development. The activity was carried out for one week through educational, interactive, and collaborative strategies, using participatory discussion methods, theoretical explanations contextualized with the realities of adolescent life, varied learning media, role simulations, and joint evaluation and reflection. The subjects of the activity were students of MTs Sirajut Thalibin Racek Village, Tiris District, Probolinggo. The results of the mentoring showed an increase in students' understanding of the stages of adolescent development, a higher awareness of maintaining physical and mental health, and a better ability to link personal changes with developmental tasks and life goals. Teachers and the madrasah also experienced positive impacts in the form of strengthened understanding of adolescent characteristics and adjustments to a more holistic learning approach. This activity produces scientific articles, activity documentation, and student work products, while also recommending the integration of human development material in learning and guidance programs to support the moral, intellectual, social, and spiritual development of adolescents.

Corruption in Indonesia is not merely a moral transgression but an extraordinary economic crime that depletes national resources. The ultimate objective of corruption eradication, therefore, must be the restoration of state financial losses (asset recovery).  However, the current formulation of the criminal law system specifically Article 18 of Law No. 31 of 1999 contains a critical policy flaw. The provision of "Subsidiary Imprisonment" (Pidana Pengganti) allows convicts to substitute their financial restitution obligations with a disproportionately short prison term. This mechanism inadvertently provides an economic incentive for corruptors to conceal assets and choose imprisonment, resulting in significant state revenue loss. This study aims to critique the current penal policy formulation and propose a comprehensive reformulation of the compensation system. The research employs a normative-juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach, utilizing the "Economic Analysis of Law" theory to evaluate the efficiency of sanctions. The study argues that the penal policy must shift from a "person-based" approach (in personam) to an "asset-based" approach (in rem). It is imperative to abolish the subsidiary imprisonment option for high-value corruption and implement "Non-Conviction Based Forfeiture" to maximize the recovery of state losses. Furthermore, this policy shift requires law enforcers with high-level cognitive skills to trace complex financial trails.

Democracy is not only understood as a political system and state institutional mechanisms, but also as a value and culture of life that must be instilled from an early age. This article aims to examine the role of the family as the primary informal educational institution in developing a civilized democratic character in children. Through a literature review and descriptive-qualitative analysis, this article examines the concept of family-based democratic education, referring to theories of social and moral development and the dynamics of Indonesian democracy over time. The study's findings indicate that families play a strategic role in instilling democratic values ​​such as justice, responsibility, tolerance, deliberation, and respect for differences through daily practices, including open dialogue, parental moral role models, the division of tasks and responsibilities, and children's involvement in family decision-making. Empirical findings from a case study in Yogyakarta confirm that children raised in democratic families have better social, emotional, and political awareness skills. Family-based democratic education has been shown not only to shape children's behavior within the home environment but also to prepare them to become critical, ethical citizens capable of constructive participation in society and the nation. Thus, the family is the primary and irreplaceable foundation for building a civilized and sustainable democracy.

Sexual violence remains a pervasive human rights violation globally, with nearly one in three women experiencing physical or sexual abuse in their lifetime (UN Women, 2024). In Indonesia, the National Commmision on Violence against Women (Komnas Perempuan) reported 330,097 cases in 2024, of which 26,9% were sexual violence. Despite Law No. 12 of 2022 on the Crime of Sexual Violence (UU TPKS), gaps persist between legal enforcement and public awareness, emphasizing the need for effective advocacy. This study investigates the rol of digital media in human rights advocacy by analyzing KemenPPPA’s Instagram Reels campaign titled “Three Years Since the Enactment of the Sexual Violence Law.” Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through digital observation and documentation of the video, captions, and public comments. Framing Analysis (Entman, 1993) identified problem definitations, moral evaluations, and proposed solutions, while Normative Content Discourse Interpretation (NCDI) interpreted content based on national law and international human rights standards, particularly CEDAW. Findings show that the campaign communicates key human rights values, including victim protection, gender equality, and justice. The study highlights the potential of digital media as both an educational tool and platform for social participation, stressing participatory legal communication to complement formal law enforcement and advance women’s rights in Indonesia.

This study explores how Islamic epistemology can address the fragmentation and ethical challenges in contemporary Muslim societies. By emphasizing the integration of divine revelation and human reason, Islamic epistemology offers a balanced framework for intellectual and spiritual development. The core principles of mīzān (balance), maqāṣid al-sharīʿah (higher objectives of Islamic law), and tawhid (divine unity) form the foundation of Islamic ethical thought, guiding individuals and communities toward social harmony and moral responsibility. The study highlights how these principles can be applied to modern issues such as social justice, environmental sustainability, and the erosion of communal values. Through a comparative analysis, the research contrasts Islamic epistemology with Western ethical frameworks that prioritize individual autonomy, showing how Islamic approaches promote communal accountability and social cohesion. Empirical research, including surveys and interviews, reveals that Muslim communities view Islamic epistemology as a valuable tool for addressing contemporary ethical dilemmas and fostering unity. By revisiting classical Islamic scholars like Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Al-Ghazali, the study provides a theoretical foundation for applying Islamic knowledge to modern day challenges. Additionally, the research examines how the principles of moral agency and personal responsibility in Islamic thought offer solutions to the weakening of ethical conduct in contemporary societies. The study concludes by recommending further research into the practical implementation of Islamic epistemological concepts in governance, education, and social structures to promote ethical and social reform. Integrating Islamic wisdom with modern ethical challenges can offer significant contributions to fostering a more harmonious, just, and ethically responsible global society.

The authority of fatwa in Islamic law is essential in directing the legal and moral behavior of Muslims. This study investigates the intricate dynamics of fatwa authority, emphasizing the equilibrium between its legality and its application in modern Islamic communities. The research investigates the historical underpinnings of fatwa issuance, examining the methodologies and standards used by religious scholars and organizations in the promulgation of fatwas. It also looks at the problems that come up when trying to put fatwas into practice in today's world, such as the role of governmental institutions, the many ways that Islamic scholars interpret them, and the changing demands of society. This study seeks to comprehend the legitimization and application of fatwas within various Muslim communities by a critical examination of legal and socio-political issues, while also evaluating the efficacy of fatwas in influencing contemporary Islamic legal practices. This research closes by offering ideas to augment the relevance and efficacy of fatwas within modern Islamic legal frameworks.

This study explores the integration of Qur'anic ethical values in modern educational settings, focusing on how philosophical hermeneutics, combined with reflective pedagogy, can enhance students' ethical consciousness. The Qur'an, with its emphasis on key ethical principles such as justice (adl), compassion (rahmah), and responsibility (amanah), provides a foundational framework for cultivating moral behavior in students. The study highlights the potential of reflective pedagogy to contextualize these ethical teachings, ensuring they remain relevant to contemporary issues. The findings suggest that when Qur'anic values are approached through an interpretative and dialogical lens, they can be effectively internalized by students, promoting not only theoretical knowledge but also practical ethical behavior. This study also examines the challenges of integrating religiously oriented ethical frameworks in secular educational systems and the complexities of making Qur'anic teachings resonate with diverse student populations. The implications for educational practice are significant, suggesting that the incorporation of Qur'anic values can bridge the gap between religious teachings and moral actions, fostering a more ethically aware and responsible student body. The research concludes with recommendations for further exploration into the practical implementation of this approach in varied educational contexts, especially in multicultural and multi-faith settings, and highlights the need for long-term studies to assess the impact on students' ethical development.

 Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) play a strategic role in shaping the character, morality, and spirituality of the Indonesian nation as traditional Islamic educational institutions that have long contributed to social and religious life. Although their existence has been legally recognized through Law Number 18 of 2019 on Pesantren, the integration of Pancasila values into pesantren curricula continues to face several challenges, particularly in aligning these values with the provisions of the National Education System Law (UU Sisdiknas). This study aims to analyze the legal standing of pesantren within the national education system, identify opportunities and obstacles in implementing Pancasila Education in pesantren environments, and formulate policy recommendations that strengthen the internalization of national values. Using a normative juridical approach, this research examines national education regulations and religious education frameworks to understand the role of pesantren in supporting national development based on Pancasila. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the government, education stakeholders, and pesantren administrators in optimizing the role of pesantren as centers of character and civic development, as well as enhancing public understanding of the importance of harmonizing religious education with national civic education.

This study examines the convergence between classical Islamic philosophy and contemporary digital theory, emphasizing how foundational Islamic concepts can respond to social fragmentation in post-digital Muslim societies. As digital technologies increasingly mediate religious learning, identity formation, and communal interaction, Muslim communities face growing challenges, including the weakening of social bonds and the decentralization of religious authority. Online platforms encourage individualized interpretations of faith and pluralistic expressions of religiosity, which, while expanding participation, often contribute to fragmented identities and diminished communal cohesion.Drawing upon core classical concepts such as ummah (community), akhlaq (ethics), and asabiyya (social solidarity), this research argues that Islamic intellectual heritage offers a normative framework capable of addressing these disruptions. These concepts underscore collective responsibility, moral discipline, and the cultivation of shared values as the foundation of a stable and just society. Using a qualitative approach grounded in textual analysis of classical Islamic scholarship and contemporary digital sociology, the study recontextualizes these principles within present-day digital environments.The findings suggest that adapting traditional values to online engagement can strengthen ethical conduct, mutual accountability, and constructive dialogue in virtual spaces. The notion of a “cyber ummah” further illustrates how transnational digital networks may foster solidarity across geographic and ideological boundaries. Ultimately, this study affirms the continuing relevance of classical Islamic philosophy in guiding the development of an inclusive, morally grounded, and socially cohesive digital society.

This study aims to analyze the political motives of the NasDem Party in endorsing Romi Hariyanto and Sudirman in the 2024 Jambi Provincial Election form the perspective of political idealism. The research focuses on two main aspect of idealistic incentives: the party’s political vision and the candidates’track records. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, documentation, and analysis of official party sources. The findings reveal that NasDem consistently implements its idealistic values through the vision “Movement for Change”, locally embodied as Restorasi Jambi. The Party’s decision to nominate Romi-Sudirman is based on the alignment between the party’s ideological principles and the candidates’ integrity and administrative experience. Romi Hariyanto demonstrates strong leadership as a two-term Regent of Tanjung Jabung Timur, while Sudirman possess notable social engagement and moral leadership. These findings suggest that NasDem integrates political idealism with electoral pragmatism as a strategy to reinforce its value-based political identity. The study concludes that idealism can function as a strategic asset in contemporary political practice.

The use of Islamic music, especially nasyid, as a creative learning strategy in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays an important role in increasing students' motivation, understanding, and appreciation of religious values. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to describe in depth how nasyid can be used as an innovative and effective learning medium to enrich the IRE teaching process. The findings show that the application of nasyid in the teaching and learning process can create a more interesting, interactive, and enjoyable learning atmosphere. This condition has been proven to encourage active student participation, making learning activities more meaningful and memorable. In addition, nasyid effectively helps students improve their memory and ability to memorize religious material in an easier and more enjoyable way. The positive impact is not only seen in cognitive aspects but also in the overall formation of students' religious character. Through nasyid, moral and spiritual values can be instilled more deeply, naturally, and continuously in everyday life. However, this study also found several obstacles, such as limited supporting facilities and the need to develop teachers' competencies in optimally applying nasyid as a learning medium. Therefore, the use of nasyid in PAI learning can be seen as a strategic innovation that has the potential to improve the quality of religious education holistically and have a positive impact on the development of students in a dynamic and challenging modern era.  

The Food Empowerment Extension program through Urban Farming was implemented based on an analysis of the conditions in Mancak District and its environment, using a SWOT analysis. The SO strategy resulted in the development of a community-based urban farming model supported by simple technology to meet local market needs. This relates to: a) The limitations of local food self-sufficiency in Serang Regency can be addressed through the Urban Farming concept; b) The Urban Farming concept can increase community participation in the local, inclusive, and sustainable food economy. The purpose of this extension program is to achieve sustainable food independence in Mancak District, Serang Regency. It is also recommended to provide physical, moral, and material support to the community and farmer groups, especially those related to the implementation of the Urban Farming concept, and to encourage and support the research and development process for various Urban Farming methods

The position of judges in the process of proving civil cases occupies a fundamental role in upholding justice and legal certainty within the Indonesian judicial system. This study aims to examine the judge’s position, duties, and authority in the evidentiary process of civil cases through a literature review focusing on doctrines and jurisprudence. Using a normative juridical method with a library research approach, this paper analyzes legal theories, statutory provisions, and judicial precedents that regulate evidentiary procedures in civil law. The findings show that a judge is not merely a passive law enforcer but an active truth-seeker who must interpret and assess evidence based on principles of fairness, propriety, and moral values. The judge’s discretion in evaluating evidence reflects the responsibility to harmonize formal legal norms with the pursuit of substantive justice. Jurisprudence demonstrates that judges play an essential role in shaping evidentiary standards and ensuring that court decisions reflect the ideals of justice and legal certainty. The study concludes that the authority and independence of judges are crucial in realizing a fair trial, as they ensure that decisions are based on verified facts, logical reasoning, and moral responsibility. Strengthening the professionalism and integrity of judges is necessary to guarantee that the evidentiary process in civil proceedings fulfills the principles of equality before the law and promotes justice in society. 

This study aims to explain and reconstruct the notion of auditor professionalism beyond the reasoning framework found in the accountants’ code of ethics. The reconstruction is carried out by redefining auditor professionalism through the integration of moral reasoning and the values derived from QS. Al-Isra (36), as a response to the issue of fraud disclosure. The research adopts a non-technical perspective on auditor professionalism. Accordingly, the appropriate method for this study is Theoretical Triangulation, namely testing auditor professionalism from the perspective of moral reasoning and QS. Al-Isra (36). Specifically, the research begins by utilizing three sources of values: the Handbook of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, principles of moral reasoning, and the guidance in QS. Al-Isra (36). Second, the study identifies the limitations of conventional interpretations of auditor professionalism when examined solely from ethical codes, and further analyzes how moral reasoning and QS. Al-Isra (36) enrich this perspective. Third, the concept of auditor professionalism is reconstructed in a holistic manner. Finally, the study concludes whether moral reasoning and QS. Al-Isra (36) are interrelated with the auditors’ professionalism in uncovering fraud. Ultimately, this article proposes a revised conception of auditor professionalism. By incorporating moral reasoning and QS. Al-Isra (36), auditor professionalism is envisioned as transcending rationalism and materialism. It is defined as a commitment to uphold the accountants’ code of ethics, grounded in justice and virtue, with an awareness that every action will be held accountable in the hereafter.

This study aims to describe the nature of children from an Islamic educational perspective. This study uses a library research method by examining various relevant literature, including classical texts, the Qur'an, hadiths, and contemporary scientific works that discuss the concept of children in Islam. The results of the study indicate that children, from an Islamic perspective, have a very noble and strategic position, encompassing six main aspects. First, children are seen as a trust from Allah SWT. Second, children are a potential that needs to be developed. Third, children function as the next generation and bearers of the future of the community. Fourth, children have the right to receive a good and proper education. Fifth, children are positioned as subjects who have rights and roles in social life, not just objects of education. Sixth, children are also a source of happiness and well-being for their families and their surroundings. In the context of Islamic education, there are several methods that can be applied to educate children, including the method of role model, reward and punishment, the story method, and the advice method. These four methods play an important role in shaping children's character, faith, and morals in accordance with Islamic values. Understanding the nature of children in Islamic education is the main basis for building a generation that is faithful, has noble morals, and is responsible for themselves, their families, and society.

This study aims to outline how aqeedah and moral values are applied in the learning process of fourth-grade students at MI Ridogalih, examine the strategies teachers use to internalize these values, and identify factors that support or hinder the process. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the research gathered data from the Aqeedah–Akhlaq teacher, instructional documents, and records of the school’s religious activities. Data collection was conducted through guided interviews and document review, and the analysis followed the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The results show that the incorporation of aqeedah and moral education is implemented through consistent religious habituation, exemplary behavior demonstrated by teachers, and the integration of Islamic principles into classroom instruction. Contributing factors include the strong religious environment of the school and active parental engagement, while obstacles stem from the influence of digital media and the varied backgrounds of students’ families. The study concludes that combining habituation practices, teacher role modeling, and value integration plays a significant role in reinforcing students’ Islamic character development.

This study aims to explore the role of art in Islam by revisiting various books and references that focus on three main aspects: values, aesthetics, and ethics. In Islamic perspective, art is not merely about expressing beauty, but also serves as a medium to enhance one’s faith and morality, guiding humans to draw closer to Allah SWT. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using a literature review method based on relevant scholarly sources and academic documents. The findings indicate that Islamic art is built upon the principles of tawhid (monotheism), morality, and spirituality, which provide a profound meaning to every artistic creation. In terms of aesthetics, Islamic art emphasizes not only physical beauty but also harmony, balance, and the magnificence of Allah’s creation. The ethical aspect functions as a guideline for artists to ensure that their works remain within the boundaries of Islamic law and serve as instruments of da’wah, education, and moral development. Therefore, Islamic art represents the synthesis of beauty, truth, and goodness that guides humanity toward worship and devotion to Allah SWT. This study concludes that Islamic art plays a vital role in strengthening spirituality, character, and the advancement of an Islamic civilization that is cultured, beautiful, and meaningful.

The digital era brings great opportunities for improving the quality of learning, but it also presents challenges in the form of dependence on gadgets, reduced social interaction, and the risk of exposure to age-inappropriate content. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach based on a literature review by analyzing various theoretical sources and previous research findings. The results of the study show that educators need to implement learning strategies that balance digital and non-digital activities so that all aspects of children's development cognitive, language, motor, socio-emotional, and moral can be optimally stimulated. Effective strategies include play-based learning, project-based learning, integration of educational digital media, collaboration with parents, and the creation of a learning environment rich in stimulation. By applying these strategies, children not only develop intellectually but also build character, creativity, and social skills. The key. Improving educators' digital literacy and active supervision from parents are the keys to the success of adaptive and humanistic early childhood education in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the transformational leadership of President BJ Habibie during Indonesia's post–New Order political transition using a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design. The research focuses on Habibie's leadership style, reform policies, and strategic role in building the foundation of Indonesian democracy. Data were obtained through a literature review of books, journal articles, and policy documents, then analyzed using content analysis through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that Habibie demonstrated transformational leadership characterized by visionary reform, innovative policymaking, and high political morality. He initiated major reforms such as the abolition of the military's dual function, press liberalization, the first democratic election in 1999, and regional autonomy. These policies served as milestones in Indonesia's transition toward a more open and participatory political system. The study concludes that Habibie's transformational leadership played a pivotal role in shaping Indonesia's democratization process and stands as a model of adaptive political leadership in developing countries.