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Coagulation is one of the processes of water treatment by the addition of chemicals, the purpose of which is to bind particles like particles or dissolve so that they clump. Coagulation concentration definitely affects the coagulation process carried out. In addition, the addition of coagulation also affects the water produced for distribution. Testing of the impact of coagulant concentrations on raw water treatment processes has been carried out on the PDAM Surya Sembada Surabaya. The use of laboratory testing methods is done to see the water quality when using different coagulants. The results of the analysis obtained that the difference in the concentration of coagulants has an influence on the process of water treatment, this is due to several factors that support the existence of variation in the use of the coagulation concentration.

The part of the basil plant is the leaves which have various types of benefits if studied further. With the introduction of secondary metabolites, it can be said that basil leaves contain eugenol compounds. The eugenol compound can be used as a reducing agent in the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles. The precursor used in the synthesis of TiO2 is titanium isopropoxide which has an oxidation state of +4. By utilizing the green synthesis method, TiO2 was reacted with basil leaf extract and then characterized using XRD and FTIR. The resulting particle size is 10.86 nm. And FTIR shows a wave number of 874.59 which represents the Ti-O functional group. Photocatalytic activity can take advantage of the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by placing the nanoparticles in a methylene blue solution which has a concentration of 20 ppm and varies based on contact time and adsorbent mass. Photocatalytic activity testing obtained a degradation percentage of 79%-84% which varied based on adsorbant mass and contact time. Varying the adsorbant mass and time results in a degradation percentage that increases with each additional mass but will not increase again if it has reached the optimum phase and can reduce the degradation percentage.

This research aims to analyze ambient air quality in the city of Surabaya, with a focus on four main locations: industry, transportation, offices and residential areas during two different periods, the dry season and the rainy season in 2023. This analysis is important for assessing the influence of urbanization and industrial activity. to the environment and public health. The method used is descriptive and comparative observational, where measurements are made of main pollutant parameters such as SO2, CO, NO2, O3, Pb, NMHC, PM10, PM2.5, and TSP. Sampling was carried out twice at each location, in accordance with SNI 19-7119.6-2005 and PPRI No. 22 of 2021 standards. The research results showed that the concentrations of all pollutants were below the specified threshold, indicating the effectiveness of existing air control policies. However, there are differences in pollutant concentrations between locations and significant seasonal changes, requiring more dynamic and tailored pollution management strategies. The study's conclusions suggest the importance of continuous monitoring, increased green space, public education about pollution, as well as stricter policies to control pollutant emissions. This research provides valuable empirical data for policy makers to develop effective strategies for managing air quality and reducing health risks in Surabaya..

Currently, the government is increasingly building PLTMG to fulfill the electricity needs of the society. Beside for fulfill the electricity needs of the Indonesian people, PLTMG also has a negative impact on the society, especially for the community around the PLTMG in the city of Batam. So companies need to conduct studies on environmental impacts, one of which is the impact of the air produced on the surrounding area. The PLTMG industry does not use air pollution control devices, but uses a leanox combustion control system on each gas engine with a chimney outlet that emits SO2 and particulate emissions. The model simulation was carried out using Aermod view software with meteorological data from the affected locations. The results of AERMOD modeling show that the PLTMG industry will have an impact on particulate emissions in the ambient air around the activity location which will spread to the northwest, north, south and east of the activity location. The Aermod Model also shows that current conditions have resulted in dispersion with concentrations below the maximum limit stated in the 2021 Government Regulation. The addition of an emission monitoring system such as CEMS can be used to help monitor the concentration of dispersed emissions. Apart from that, emission control devices such as incinerators or combustion can also be used to reduce the concentration of the emissions used.

Listening skills are very influential on learning success. Successful learning can run well if students are able to capture messages or information related to the teaching material presented by educators or from reading material. Listening as a learning process is carried out in an integrated manner and receives the same attention as other language skills. However, in reality, most of the listening lessons delivered by educators in elementary schools in particular are still often ignored. In the learning process, educators use learning media, namely less innovative learning media in the form of pictures contained in theme books. Educators still use theme books and worksheets as learning resources and media without any other learning media that can attract students' attention. However, the use of this learning media does not attract students' attention and interest in learning because learning seems boring for students. As a result, many students lack concentration in learning and students are less active in the learning process. Therefore, the author uses the Discovery learning method, which is expected to foster concentration and attract students' attention so that students' listening skills can improve as expected.

Dysmenorrhea is pain in the lower abdomen that occurs before or during menstruation, often accompanied by symptoms such as sweating, headache, nausea, vomiting, and shaking. The negative impacts of primary dysmenorrhea in teenagers are academic decline, loss of concentration, and not attending class. One of the causes of dysmenorrhea is lack of knowledge about the cause of menstrual disorders such as unbalanced nutritional intake. The solution to increase this knowledge is by providing nutrition education about balanced diet and nutrition. All community partnership program activities consisting of counseling, discussion, and evaluation which are conducted online. The measurement of success was carried out by distributing a pre-posttest questionnaire about knowledge of balanced diet and nutrition using the google form. The results of the pretest showed that only 22% of teenagers had good knowledge. After being given education, it showed an increase in knowledge of 75%.

Salted squid is a substitution in development. After realizing the importance of these foods as a source of body nutrients, consumption of salted squid has increased. However, there are still many traders who use formalin to preserve salted squid. Some characteristics of salted squid containing formalin are clean, fly-free, and do not rot at room temperature for more than a month. One way to reduce the formalin content in salted squid before cooking can be by soaking it with lime. Because lime contains a lot of organic acids in the form of citric acid. This study was conducted to determine the optimal concentration of lime to reduce formalin levels and see the significant effect of lime concentration on reducing formalin levels in salted squid. The research method used in this study is Pre Experiment with one group pre test post test design. Formalin identification was carried out qualitatively using distillation and the addition of chromatropic acid and quantitatively using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 570nm. The formalin level in squid was 0.1682ppm. Samples were treated by soaking with lime juice with a concentration of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% with a duration of time of 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, the results showed the highest decrease in formalin levels at a soaking time of 5 hours with a concentration of 100% lime juice.

This research presents a numerical investigation into heat transfer in nanofluid flow using an advanced lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The study modifies the standard LBM to incorporate the unique properties of nanofluids, such as enhanced thermal conductivity. We simulate convective heat transfer in a pipe with varying nanoparticle concentrations, assessing the effects on heat transfer rates. Results show that nanofluids significantly improve heat transfer efficiency, offering valuable insights for engineering applications in cooling systems.

Salted jambal roti fish often contains high levels of formaldehyde for reasons of price and long shelf life. Formalin is a hazardous material for human health. Citric acid contained in lemon is believed to be able to reduce formaldehyde levels contained in salted fish. Salted fish contains a lot of formalin levels because of the low price and long shelf life. This study aims to determine the effect of the soaking time of lemon juice on formalin levels in salted jambal roti fish. The method used was pre-experiment with a one-group pretest-postest design. Samples of salted jambal roti fish were treated with lemon juice immersion with 100% concentration for 0, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 minutes. Formalin levels were analyzed using a uv-vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the immersion time of lemon juice affects the formalin content in salted jambal roti fish. The largest decrease in formalin levels occurred in soaking for 120 minutes with an average of 3,750 ppm.

Thermohygrometer is a tool that functions to measure room temperature and humidity. The temperature and humidity in the operating room are set in the temperature range of 19˚C - 24˚C and humidity of 45% - 65%. Therefore, the operating room requires a good temperature and humidity control system to avoid damage to electronic components due to temperatures that are too low and humidity that is too high which causes corrosion. In addition, the influence of high concentrations of medical gas accelerates the rate of corrosion. Because medical gas consisting of CO and CO₂ gas contains oxygen as an oxidant gas. Therefore, a tool such as a Thermohygrometer is needed but equipped with a medical gas reading. This tool aims to read the conditions of temperature, humidity, and medical gas (CO & CO₂) so that it can be analyzed by Electromedics to regulate the air conditioning system. In addition, a Thermohygrometer system is made to allow data access from outside the operating room. The Thermhygrometer tool is made using two sensors, namely DHT22 and MQ-135. DHT22 is used to read temperature and humidity parameters, while the MQ-135 sensor is used to read the concentration of CO and CO₂ gases. The reading results are displayed on the I2C LCD screen. The components are integrated with ESP32 for data processing and as hardware that can be used to create a WiFi connection system. WiFi connectivity is needed to send data to the Blynk application. Testing by calibrating the DHT22 sensor and testing the suitability of the MQ-135 sensor with the gas analyzer. Based on the tests carried out, the temperature error value was obtained at -0.02% and humidity at -0.02%. While the error value was 0.32% for CO gas and -0.16% for CO₂ gas. The error value is still within the tolerance limit

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of Ice Breaking on the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige Learning Year 2023/2024. The research hypothesis is: “there is a positive and significant effect of the use of Ice Breaking on the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Ethics of Grade XI Students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige in the 2023/2024 Learning Year”. The population is all XI grade students majoring in BDP at SMK Negeri 2 Balige, Toba Regency, Learning Year 2023/2024, totaling 126 people. The research sample was determined using purposive sampling technique, namely students in class XI BDP 1 totaling 32 people as a control class using conventional methods and class XI BDP 3 totaling 32 people as an experimental class using Ice Breaking. This research method is a quantitative approach with a true experimental design method and with a post-test only control group design. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire item for variable Y as many as 30 items. Research data for questionnaires were analyzed using the Separated Variance t test formula. From the calculation results obtained the value of tcount = 4.337 > ttable (α = 5%) = 1.671. The tcount value is in the H0 rejection curve area and Ha acceptance. Thus it can be concluded that the research hypothesis is accepted, namely that there are differences in the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige Learning Year 2023/2024 who are taught before and after ice breaking.

Staphylococcus aureus infection  is one of the causes of increasing number of diseases and deaths. It is estimated that currently around 2-3% of the general population has MRSA in their bodies. People with MRSA on their bodies are estimated to have a 64% higher chance of dying. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of red guava leaves against Staphylocoocus aureus bacteria  and to determine the amount of inhibition of methanol extract from red guava leaves against the activity of Staphylocoocus aureus bacteria. This type of research is experimental research The object of this study is the inhibitory power of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria  in methanol extract of red guava leaves. The sample used in this study was methanol extract of red guava leaves. This research was conducted using maceration extraction method with the solvent used is methanol. The measurement results showed that red guava leaf methanol extract at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% had an inhibitory zone on the antibacterial activity of Staphylococus aureus. The greatest bland result at a concentration of 50% of 0.49 mm. The lowest inhibitory power is at a concentration of 75% of 0.26 mm.      

The use of antibiotics can cause drug resistance if their use is not appropriate, so alternative treatment from plants is needed, one of which is soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.). Chemical substances contained in soursop leaves can prevent development until they can kill bacteria, one of which is flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to determine whether soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata L.) at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and can determine at what concentration soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata L.) can effectively inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. The simplisia extract was done by maceration strategy using methanol as a solvent. The antibacterial testing method uses the disc diffusion method and uses clindamycin as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. The results showed that Annona muricata L. extract can provide antibacterial action at concentration variants of 25%, 50% and 75% which is characterized by the presence of transparent areas with an average diameter of 8.97mm, 11.36 mm and 13.3mm respectively with positive control with a diameter of 23.25 and negative control with a diameter of 0 mm. Soursop leaf methanol extract (Annona muricata L.) is able to suppress the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with the most effective concentration variant of 75%.    

African leaf plants (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) is one of tradisional medicine and has pharmacological contain secondary metabolite such as Flavonoids, Saponin, Tanin and Alkaloid. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of African leaf extract (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) in handsoap formulation on the growth of Escherichia coli. African left extract was obtained from maceration process with ethanol and phytochrmical screening was carried out.This study uses concentration of 0,5%, 1% and 2%. Antibacterial activity testing using scratch and disc diffusion methods. Tis study also evaluated the pyshical quality of the preparation which included organoleptic observation, homogeneity test, high foam test and antibacterial activity test. Antibacterial activity testing using scratch and disc disfusion methods. African pyctochemical screening was carried out. The result showed that the percentage of African leaf extract yield was 24,958%. The pH test gets a pH of 10-11 and 5-6 cm foam height test. The highest concentration of positive control of preparation containing alcohol (Dettol) with an average number og 4,72 mm ± 1,45 mm. Liquid soap preparation 1% with a diameter of inhibition of 3,93 mm ± 1,97 mm. The result of this study inhibit the growth of Eshcherichia coli bacteria.

Arcangelisia flava Merr, which has been known empirically by the Dayak community in Central Kalimantan as natural herbs. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of the Arcangelisia flava Merr extract against Escherichia coli. This study used two concentration of 25% and 50%, Ciprofloxacin as a positive control and water for injection as a negative control. The existence of the effect of the Arcangelisia flava Merr. extract against bacteria Escherichia coli is characterized by the formation of inhibition zone at a concentration of 25% obtained by the mean 2,005 mm, concentration of 50% obtained by the mean 2,435 mm, positive control obtained mean 7,975 mm, while for the negative control has no effect on Escherichia coli. The results showed that the Arcangelisia flava Merr. can significantly inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. And there was the tendency of an increase in the concentration of Arcangelisia flava Merr. The higher concentration of Arcangelisia flava Merr. Extract the higher the resulting inhibit zone.

The trunk of the kepok banana tree contains flavonoids that have activity as a sunscreen that can protect the skin from the adverse effects of UV rays. This study aims to formulate and determine the SPF value of the cream preparation of banana kepok tree tree extract (Musa paradisiaca L) which meets the requirements of good physical quality as a sunscreen. The method used is experimental research consisting of making maceration method extracts with 70% ethanol solvent. The resulting extract is formulated with a cream base formula with extract concentrations of 30% and 40%. The study was analyzed using ANOVA test and SPSS software. The results showed that the formulation of sunscreen cream extract of banana kepok tree trunk extract (Musa paradisiaca L) with concentrations of 30% and 40% showed good physical quality with the effectiveness of SPF at concentrations of 30% and 40% was 3.1 and 4.7 in the moderate protection category without any reference or formula. Based on the results of the article's research, it was concluded that the extract of the banana kepok tree trunk (Musa paradisiaca L) which was formulated as a cream has good physical quality as a sunscreen and based on the ANOVA test, one factor showed a difference in concentration affecting the SPF value obtained.

This research was motivated by class V students at SD Negeri 1 Gedebeg who seemed bored and not interested in implementing learning evaluations because evaluations were considered a burden and class teachers also felt that the learning evaluations given still seemed monotonous because usually the evaluations used were only written tests in the form of multiple choice questions and descriptions. This research aims to describe the use of quizizz paper mode-based evaluation tools in increasing the enthusiasm and learning outcomes of class V students at SD Negeri 1 Gedebeg, Blora Regency. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research with the research subjects being class V teachers and class V students with a total of 15 students. Data collection techniques in this research include tests, questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentation. The results of research using quizizz paper mode based evaluation tools can increase learning outcomes with learning success (class accuracy) of announcement text material using the quizizz paper mode platform by 82% and can increase student enthusiasm with indicators of response, attention, willingness, concentration and awareness to involve themselves in learning which on average has a very high level of enthusiasm.

During the process of making sambiloto simplicial which involves heat, it can cause degradation of chlorophyll. Increasing the stability of chlorophyll can be done by forming Zn-chlorophyll complexes with metals which are be able to form complexes where more stable than Mg such as by using Zn. The aim of this research is to determine how the physical and chemical characteristics of the bitter simplicia powder produced are influenced by the type of reagent and the concentration of the reagent when heated in an oven. Simplicia bitter powder is made through a sorting, grinding and sieving process. Next, the zinc chloride and zinc acetate reagents were mixed with concentrations of 0, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm, and then dried. The results showed a real effect (p value <0.05) of the interaction between the types of ZnCl2 and Zn acetate reagents and the reagent concentration on color intensity, color stability, water content, ash content and chlorophyll content. The higher the concentration of ZnCl2 and Zn acetate, the higher the water content, ash content, chlorophyll content, L*, and -a*, while b* and ∆E decrease. At a concentration of 500 ppm ZnCl2 showed an increase in water, ash, chlorophyll, ∆E, L*, and a* content while b* decreased. Meanwhile, Zn acetate 500 ppm moisture content, ash content, chlorophyll content, L*, and ∆E decreased, while a* and b* increased. Sambiloto simplicia powder which has the highest chlorophyll content is Zn acetate 400 ppm, with characteristics of water content 6.81% ww, ash content 15.74% ww, total chlorophyll 397.97 mg/100 g ww, green color intensity (-a) -2.93, and ∆E 5.48.

The term "depth of anesthesia" refers to the extent to which a general anesthetic agent anesthetizes the central nervous system with a specific concentration of force at the time the drug is administered. The depth level of anesthesia plays an important role in determining surgical complications, and it is very important to keep the depth level of anesthesia under control for the operation to be successful. The purpose of this study is to determine the Monitoring Picture of Anesthesia Depth in General Anesthesia. The literature search will be conducted between 2018 and 2023. The methodof journals and scientific articles contained in this study are national and international journals that have been accounted for their validity. Sources of information obtained from databases are Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed. Anesthesia depth monitoring with the most popular modern technique in practice is the Bixpectral Index Score (BIS) monitor. Anesthesia depth monitoring using BIS is more accurate than traditional anesthesia depth monitoring. Objective assessment of the depth of sedation can use the BIS tool that provides the best prediction of the patient's degree of consciousness to] prevent the patient from waking up and remember actions, drug additions, and wake predictions more accurately by looking at changes in brain electrical activity depicted through EEG

Nutmeg seeds are one of the herbs and spices that are rich in benefits and the content of alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins other very important roles in its utilization. Nutmeg seeds contain trimyristin which its content can be used in the manufacture of liquid bath soap. One of the application of the compound contained is made in the form pHarmaceutical preparations. Liquid soap is made through a saponification reaction from oil and fat reacted with KOH. This research. aim to do optimization of liquid soap formula between concentration variations of 8%, 9%, 10% so can find out the optimum liquid soap formula and know the evaluation of properties pHysics and chemistry of preparations. Nutmeg seed extract is obtained by extraction using the maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent, then carried out evaporation using a rotary evaporator instrument until the extract is obtained thick. Formulation of liquid soap by heating method for 45 minutes. Evaluation preparations include organoleptic observations, homogeneity. pH, foam height. Results showed that the liquid soap formulated from elstract: colored nutmeg brownish, has a characteristic odor of nutmeg seed extract, is in the form of a homogeneous liquid, has a pH pH 8-10, foam height 93mm-139mm. Optimum formula based on results showed no significant difference from all formulas. Variation concentration 8%, 9%, 10% pH test and high foam test. the formula has complied requirements in accordance with the standards set by SNI 06-4085-1996. Where the normal pH of liquid soap is ph 8-11 and the high foam of liquid soap is 13mm-220mm