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Mantras are spelled out as part of the cultural values of a community. In the mantra text there are various concepts of the value of spirituality and religiosity. Mantras are also part of the means of asking for help and wishes in order to be granted by God. One of the mantras discussed in this study is the “Asihan Jaran Goyang” spell. This mantra aims to overcome the soul and soul of others to love and like the person who practices the mantra. In this study, “Asihan Jaran Goyang” was positioned into a text that was discussed based on the meaning, function and context of the narrative. The method used in this study is descriptive-qualitative by placing text analysis as the object of study. In addition, it also analyzes the context of mantra narration related to the practice that is a condition for obtaining power from the spell. The results showed that the structure of the “Asihan Jaran Goyang” mantra from the use of language, majas, and themes with isotopy analysis is related to the form of belief in God. Meanwhile, the function, context of narration and creation process describe the process of chanting mantras and practices that must be fulfilled by the mantra reciter, while functions indicate the functional usefulness of mantras by mantra reciters.    

This research is motivated by a learning system that only focuses on teachers and books, with no sound, images or videos to support the activity of writing descriptive text. This research aims to determine the influence that occurs before and after using Biteable media on the ability to write descriptive text for class VII students. The competency standards to be achieved in this research are in the 2013 curriculum with KD 3.2 and 4.2. This research uses an experimental method with a one group design with data collection through observation, interviews, and administering pre-tests and post-tests. This research was conducted at Jambi Medan Private Middle School with class VII-A as the sample class used. Based on the research results, it can be seen that the pre-test score (before treatment) was 57.2 and the post-test score (after treatment) was 80.4. Based on the results of calculations that have been carried out using the t test, the value of tcount = 5.51 is obtained. After tcount is known, this value will then be consulted at a significance level of α = 0.05 and n = 29, obtained ttable = 2.045. Thus, it can be concluded that tcount > ttable, namely 5.51 > 2.045, so the alternative hypothesis (Hα) is accepted.

Writing descriptive text is an activity carried out by someone in telling or describing a particular object so that the reader will be able to know clearly what the general description of the object being discussed is. At the elementary school level, when learning Indonesian, writing descriptive texts is one of the learning achievements that must be achieved by students. The development of descriptive text writing skills can be achieved using the problem based learning method so that it allows students to think critically during learning so as to improve student learning outcomes.

This article examines the perceptions of upper grade elementary school students towards the use of reading aloud and sustained silent reading strategies in improving the ability to explain the content of reading. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques include: (1) assessment of students' ability to explain the content of reading, (2) interviews with students regarding their perceptions of reading aloud and sustained silent reading strategies, and (3) documentation of the text reading process. The research instruments used were: (1) assessment sheet of the ability to explain the content of reading, (2) structured interview guide, and (3) documentation of students' reading process. The results showed that based on the assessment of the ability to explain the content of reading and interviews regarding the comparison between reading aloud and sustained silent reading strategies, it was concluded that the sustained silent reading strategy was more effective in learning. This is because the strategy makes it easier for students to understand and explain back the content of the reading.

This article analyzes figurative language in the poem Provide Proven by Robert Frost. Robert Frost is one of the writers who uses various types of figurative language in his work. The purpose of using figurative language in poetry is to emphasize the meaning of the author that he wants to express. Apart from that, it is also used to beautify the sound of poetry. Data was collected from text and analyzed using descriptive-qualitative research. The results of this research show that there are five types Figurative language: metaphor, irony, personification, alliteration.

This research aims to carry out semantic analysis of technical words in the field of physics. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques include library methods and observation of technical physics words, and semantic analysis using the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) and physics textbooks.

This research aims to describe the abilities of grade 5 students in writing persuasive texts. This research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. This research involved one of the 5th grade elementary school students. The data collection technique in this research is the assignment technique for writing persuasive texts. The data collected shows that students are quite capable of writing persuasive texts well, seen from the aspect of text structure and linguistic rules of persuasive texts that students have written, but there are still some difficulties experienced by students in writing persuasive texts so they need guidance and direction from the teacher. to overcome errors so that students can improve their abilities in writing persuasive texts.  

The cultural system of a nation certainly has values ​​contained in it and has become very valuable potential. These values ​​are used as motivation for humans to behave and act with kindness and benevolence. This refers to moral values ​​that can be found through cultural traditions or oral literature that exist in society. One of the oral literatures is Nias folklore. This folklore has a main purpose in the social life of the Nias people. However, people rarely realize that oral literature through folklore can learn cultural values ​​that are used as regional wealth. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the folklore of the Oyo and Susua Rivers in the Nias Community through a study of moral values. To achieve the research objectives, researchers used descriptive qualitative methods with purposive sampling techniques. This research comes from primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from the text The Origins of the Oyo and Susua Rivers which were collected from research informants. Meanwhile, secondary data are books and journals related to moral values ​​in folklore. Based on the results of this research, the researcher suggests that the oral literature that has developed to date can be used as a source of value education, social institutions and can even be used as local and national cultural wealth.

Language has a very important role in human life as a means of daily communication, especially in speaking. Speaking is a way for someone to convey their meaning to another person using words, so that they can be understood. This skill is very crucial, especially for children in elementary school. However, many elementary school students still have difficulty speaking or conveying their ideas and opinions. To overcome this, it is necessary to use learning media that can help develop students' speaking skills. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach and a type of library research, which collects data from related scientific papers. The results of the literature study show that the use of flash cards as a learning medium can be effective in improving students' speaking skills at the elementary school level. Flash cards contain text, vocabulary, or symbols that help students convey information orally more easily and clearly.

This research aims to optimize multimodal gender literacy skills through an innovative approach in digital learning transformation. This research was conducted in high schools involving students from various gender backgrounds. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through multimodal literacy skills tests, classroom observations, and interviews with students and teachers. The results of the study show that innovative approaches in digital learning transformation significantly improve students' multimodal literacy skills. In addition, this approach also helps reduce the gender gap in multimodal literacy, by providing equal opportunities for male and female students to thrive. From the results of the study obtained from women's data, 65% of female respondents showed a high preference for activities involving text and images, while 70% of male respondents preferred activities involving audio and video. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that using an innovative approach can optimize multimodal gender literacy skills.

Specifically regarding to compensation for eliminating the obligation to perform prayers, it is not explicitly regulated, either in al-Qur'ânul Karîm or the Hadith of the Prophet SAW as two sources of law that must be a guide in living this life. The method used in this study is qualitative-descriptive. Meanwhile, the approaches are phenomenology, ethnography and case studies. The research results, it can be seen that there is certainly no problem with fasting fidyah, because the rules are very clear. This is different from fidyah prayer which is not regulated, either in the Koran or the hadith of the Prophet SAW. In fact, when a prayer is neglected, it must be replaced with the same prayer even if it is outside the time. When this was stated, those who were considered as executors who were directly involved in the implementation of fidyah payments (conventions) were only based on the hadith (mauqûf) of Ibn 'Abbas ra. which contradicts the text (matn) of the hadith of 'Imrân bin Hushayn, so that the hadith is considered weak (dha'îf). When this is confirmed say; knew about it, but they said that the fidyah payment was carried out as a hope (rajâ, tafâ'ul, sinta-sinta); May Allah be pleased with His mercy and blessings.

Syntactic analysis isn’t only used for the use of structural grammar, but also for explaining the relationship or connection between functions, categories, and roles in the syntactic structure to achieve a correct sentence structure. The purpose of this study is to describe the function, structure, and role of syntax in Bahasa Indonesia Kelas VII Kurikulum Merdeka book. This type of research is included in a qualitative approach with a qualitative descriptive design. The method used in this study is the agih method using reading and note-taking techniques, while the method of presenting data using informal data presentation. The data used is the descriptive text from the Bahasa Indonesia Kelas VII Kurikulum Merdeka book. The results of this study found 30 sentences with various sentence patterns from 4 samples of descriptive text with the most frequently found details being S-P-O syntactic functions, noun-verb-noun syntax categories, and actor-activity-target syntactic roles. Through this research it is hoped that it can provide benefits to readers so that they can deepen their knowledge in the field of syntax, and can be used as reference material and references for further research that is in line with this research.

Through the research activities carried out, students are invited to change their views, so that writing responses becomes a fun learning activity. The aim of the research was to see the effect of using film media on improving response text writing skills. In this activity, the type of research is classroom action research (PTK), then the method used is qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis with the target subject being class VII D students at SMP Negeri 4 Madiun. Based on data sources using primary data obtained from research subjects through initial stage collection techniques of tests, interviews and observations. Checking the validity of the data uses the results of students' grades by considering the increase in learning outcomes in each phase of the cycle starting from the pre-cycle, cycle I and cycle II stages. Analysis of research data carried out qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of the research show that there is an influence of the use of film media on response text writing skills which has increased starting from the initial pre-cycle results with a percentage of 46.87% up to the first cycle stage showing quite good improvement with a completion percentage of 56.25% and cycle activities. II with a completion score percentage of 84.37% which shows an increase.

Fifth grade elementary school teachers are able to determine their students' reading literacy abilities. The aim of the research is to narrate the fifth grade reading literacy skills from the perspective of the fifth grade elementary school teacher. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. The data collection technique used was interviews. The data analysis technique applied is descriptive qualitative data analysis to discuss research results and determine conclusions. There were 26 fifth grade students who were the subjects of the research. The research results showed that fifth grade students had good reading literacy skills in understanding various fiction and non-fiction texts, although there were three students with special needs who were still having difficulties. There are 26 out of 26 students who regularly borrow and read various books in the library every Friday. Morning literacy and literacy activities every Friday after gymnastics make students' literacy skills better. There were also 23 out of 26 students who were able to understand the content of reading fairy tales, short stories, explanatory texts, math story problems and thematic lesson material. This research can be applied for consideration by teachers in improving the reading literacy skills of fifth grade students.

Fifth grade elementary school teachers are able to determine their students' reading literacy abilities. The aim of the research is to narrate the fifth grade reading literacy skills from the perspective of the fifth grade elementary school teacher. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. The data collection technique used was interviews. The data analysis technique applied is descriptive qualitative data analysis to discuss research results and determine conclusions. There were 26 fifth grade students who were the subjects of the research. The research results showed that fifth grade students had good reading literacy skills in understanding various fiction and non-fiction texts, although there were three students with special needs who were still having difficulties. There are 26 out of 26 students who regularly borrow and read various books in the library every Friday. Morning literacy and literacy activities every Friday after gymnastics make students' literacy skills better. There were also 23 out of 26 students who were able to understand the content of reading fairy tales, short stories, explanatory texts, math story problems and thematic lesson material. This research can be applied for consideration by teachers in improving the reading literacy skills of fifth grade students.

This research was conducted at Fairfield by Marriott Surabaya in February – June 2024. The focus of this research was to determine the quality of sweet bread. This research uses theories from experts who study sweet bread, sweet bread quality, and organoleptic tests. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach, using observation techniques with organoleptic tests in terms of volume, crust color, crust texture, pores, moisture, shape, aroma, taste, and level of preference and documentation in the form of a standard recipe. , the process of making and serving sweet bread. The data collection technique used was organoleptic test sheets and documentation, data analysis used was percentage.  The final results of this research show that product quality in terms of volume, 60% of panelists chose to expand 3 times. crust color, as many as 54% of panelists chose brownish yellow, crust texture as many as 60% of panelists chose thin & dry, pores, as many as 40% of panelists chose quite small and uneven, humidity as much as 80% of panelists chose quite moist, the highest form of assessment in the roti boy variant was 73% of the panelists, the highest taste of the roti boy variant was 73% of the panelists, the highest aroma of the shredded variant was 77% of the panelists, and the highest level of preference for the cheese variant was 50% of the panelists. Improvements can be made through the quality of ingredients, manufacturing processes and storage of sweet bread.

This research was motivated by the students' perceived low ability in learning to write response texts. The purpose of this research is to improve student learning outcomes in learning to write response texts to fiction reading.  Actions were taken by implementing the mobile legend online game hero story text media in learning to write response texts for fiction reading. This research used a Class Action Research (PTK) design which was carried out over 2 cycles. The subjects in this research were students in class VII-I of SMPN 4 Madiun for the 2023-2024 academic year with a total of 32 students, consisting of 16 male students and 16 female students. The data in the research were taken through response text writing skills tests and learning observations. The data obtained was then analyzed using comparative descriptive analysis techniques. The research results showed that the ability to write response texts to fiction reading increased. This is proven by the increase in student learning outcomes from the pre-cycle stage to the second cycle stage. The percentage of students' learning completeness increased successively, namely 33%; 56%; and 83%. The average score obtained by students also increases with each lesson. The average increase in students' grades sequentially in each cycle is 51.25; 65.3; and 80.7

The ability to write news texts for class VIII middle school students is still low. This problem was discovered based on observations when researchers talked to students at class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Ngamprah, they did not understand the steps that had to be taken when writing news. In the learning process, teachers still use the lecture method, this makes students less active and tend to be passive when the teaching and learning process is taking place between the teacher and students. The learning model that can be a solution to this problem is the Group Investigation model assisted by broadcasts as a learning medium. The aim of this research is to determine students' responses to the application of the Group Investigation learning model assisted by podcasts in news text writing activities. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The results show an average of 63.83% included in the "Good" category.    

The ability to write news texts for class VIII middle school students is still low. This problem was discovered based on observations when researchers talked to students at class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Ngamprah, they did not understand the steps that had to be taken when writing news. In the learning process, teachers still use the lecture method, this makes students less active and tend to be passive when the teaching and learning process is taking place between the teacher and students. The learning model that can be a solution to this problem is the Group Investigation model assisted by broadcasts as a learning medium. The aim of this research is to determine students' responses to the application of the Group Investigation learning model assisted by podcasts in news text writing activities. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The results show an average of 63.83% included in the "Good" category.    

This research aims to explore the hermeneutical thought patterns of the Koran; Prof. Sahiron Syamsuddin uses descriptive qualitative methods with literature analysis. The research results show that the ma'na-cum-maghza hermeneutic method developed by Prof. Sahiron Syamsuddin is a development of various previous interpretive theories with no genuinely new elements. The proposed methodology must be more thorough, and the solutions and proposals are still general and ambiguous. Criticism of classical ulama's thinking is more dominant, and the absence of the word "Hermeneutical Tafsir of the Koran" shows that this method is impractical and can only be applied in a limited way. The implication is that this hermeneutics is unsuitable for studying the Koran because it can cause confusion and doubt. This approach is based on an attitude of skepticism and relativism, which places the Koranic text on par with other texts, resulting in uncertainty in meaning and interpretation that is relative and temporary. The use of the ma'na-cum-maghza hermeneutic method can result in the deconstruction of Islamic laws in the Koran and disrupt the structure of Islamic epistemology.