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The purpose of this study is to analyze the improvement of learning motivation for science subjects of fifth grade students at SDN Kedai Runding by using realia media. The research was conducted at SDN Kedai Runding, Kec. Kluet Selatan, Kab. Aceh Selatan. The research subjects were 10 fifth grade students in the first semester of the 2020/2021 academic year. The research method used was a classroom action research using the Kemmis and Mc Taggart cycle model with four stages in each cycle: planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection techniques were carried out by filling out questionnaires and conducting interviews, as well as collecting data using documentation/photos taken during the learning process. The research results show that the data obtained from the learning process using realia media in cycle I was 83.08%, and cycle II was 93.75%. The average student motivation score in cycle I was 84.26, and cycle II was 101.28, with a theoretical score ranging from 30-120. Thus, learning by using realia media can improve students’ learning motivation. The implication of this research is that the use of realia media in learning science subjects can be an alternative to foster or improve students’ learning motivation in fifth grade at SDN Kedai Runding.

So far the education system in Indonesia has not optimally implemented: classroom learning so it does not accommodate the needs of each student. It is proven that remedial learning is still in demand to increase skills outside of class hours. This condition is a serious enough problem that parents are looking for options to increase their children's abilities through tutoring. Schools in all educational units should be able to apply the concept of differential learning, namely learning that prioritizes the learning needs of age to face challenges. However, this does not mean that differentiation learning provides different treatment. In fact, every child is unique, has different styles, interests and abilities. The results of  the counseling at Kumon prove the speed of students in answering 100 questions in 5 minutes. On average, students complete their assignments. Then the child learns to the next level. If they cannot reach the time limit, students will be motivated to repeat it until they meet the minimum time limit. The mind mapping and Kumon methods have similarities

Teacher competency assessment plays a crucial role in providing valuable insights into the expected outcomes of the teaching profession. By employing such assessments, miscommunication regarding the desired quality of a teacher’s work can be minimised while enhancing teacher productivity through constructive feedback for those who excel. Furthermore, the implementation of teacher competency assessments aims to acquire valid, up-to-date, and authentic evidence, specifically in areas related to the learning process and a teacher’s proficiency in pedagogy, social skills, personality traits, and professional attributes. This research explores the significance of the correlation between the teaching-learning process and teacher competence assessment. The author adopts a literature-based approach to comprehensively review the relationship between these two components to accomplish this. This approach enables a comprehensive understanding of how learning and the assessment of teacher competence are interconnected. The gathered data will subsequently undergo analysis using a content analysis method, which seeks to identify recurring themes and patterns within the existing literature related to the relationship between the teaching-learning process and teacher competence assessment.

This study aims to determine and describe the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Class VIII Dance subjects of SMPN 5 Padang. This type of research is qualitative, with a descriptive approach. The researcher's own research instruments and assisted by supporting instruments such as stationery, cameres, and mobile phones. Data collection techniques are carried out through literature studies, observations, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are collecting data, classifying data, analyzing data, describing data and inferring data. The results showed that the implementation of dance learning at SMPN 5 Padang was carried out well, but there were several things in the implementation of learning where the implementation did not use teaching modules. During learning, the teacher also does not motivate students and does not conclude the learning that has been carried out every day. Teachers have used methods that are in accordance with the learning material, although many students have not maximized in practicing dance creations on the material in semester 2.

This study explores the influence of teachers' pedagogical beliefs on the integration of technology in language education. Teachers' beliefs significantly impact their technology adoption and how it is utilized in the classroom, shaping the learning experiences of students. The research uses a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with classroom observations to examine the relationship between teachers’ beliefs and their use of technology in language education settings. The findings reveal that teachers with constructivist beliefs, which emphasize active, student-centered learning, are more likely to integrate technology in ways that support engagement, collaboration, and critical thinking. In contrast, teachers with traditional, teacher-centered beliefs are more likely to use technology primarily for content delivery and repetition, limiting its potential to foster interactive and student-driven learning environments. The study also highlights the gap between teachers' positive beliefs about technology and their actual practices, which are often hindered by external barriers such as lack of training, resources, and institutional support. The research suggests that professional development programs should address both pedagogical beliefs and technological competencies to facilitate successful technology integration. Furthermore, the study calls for future research to explore how specific pedagogical models, like constructivism, can be further aligned with technology integration to improve learning outcomes. The research also emphasizes the need for longitudinal studies to understand the evolution of teachers' beliefs and their impact on technology use in language education.

This study examines the integration of Global Citizenship Education (GCE) into language learning and its effects on secondary school students' intercultural sensitivity, global perspectives, and critical thinking. As globalization expands, education systems must not only develop linguistic skills but also prepare students to engage with global challenges and diverse cultures. A mixed methods approach was used, incorporating surveys, reflective journals, and classroom observations to assess how GCE influences students' understanding of global issues and cultural diversity. Results show that GCE integration significantly enhances students' intercultural sensitivity and global awareness, equipping them to navigate cross-cultural interactions. Students also demonstrated improved critical thinking skills, especially in analyzing global issues and engaging with intercultural viewpoints. The study emphasizes the importance of collaborative learning, such as Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL), in fostering intercultural empathy and global citizenship skills. It suggests that language educators should integrate GCE themes to develop globally conscious and interculturally aware students. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of GCE on language learners and its application in various educational settings. By providing students with the tools to tackle global challenges, GCE can play a crucial role in shaping responsible, globally aware citizens.

Contextual approach is a learning approach that correlates material with real life. There are many ways that are applied in contextual learning, one of them with learning activities outside or tourism works. This study aims to integrate the activities of pilgrimage to the grave of Gus Dur in learning mathematics can help students in grade 5 elementary school understand the concept of scale and distance more effectively. This case study is expected to provide insight into the benefits of combining local wisdom in the mathematics curriculum, as well as enriching teaching methods in elementary schools. This research is a qualitative study through a survey approach and literature study. The sample in this study was 30 students at the 5th grade level at SD Negeri 6 Kedungwuni Pekalongan Regency. Data collection techniques used by researchers are, using interviews with students and teachers. The results showed that tourism work activities can increase students' understanding and enthusiasm in understanding mathematical concepts.  

Learning difficulties do not only occur in students attending primary to secondary school, but also occur in mathematics education students. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review research method. Mathematics education students are part of the teaching faculty who are hired to become educators, namely the inability to understand the material, this main factor is the main factor in the difficulty of learning mathematics, students in the first semester are vulnerable to semesters 1-3 where the learning method is between schools. and different lectures make students in the first semester of mathematics education experience a shock of understanding, students are required not only to gain understanding in lecture classes but also in seminars, presentations and research, this study concludes. But one of the main factors is external where jockeying has a domino effect Mathematics education students must be aware of this so that they do not become students who are dull in thinking, logic and the future. The author states that no matter how smart the student is, if they still use assignment coaching services, they can be said to be suffering from an illness as is another definition of learning difficulties..

The integration of metaverse technology in employee training has the potential to significantly enhance digital skills, collaboration, and overall learning outcomes in virtual workspaces. This study explores the effectiveness of metaverse-based training compared to traditional methods, focusing on participant engagement, learning retention, and practical application in immersive virtual environments. The results indicate that metaverse technology leads to increased participant engagement, offering real-time communication, interactive simulations, and realistic task scenarios that foster deeper involvement and better skill acquisition. Additionally, the immersive nature of metaverse platforms improves learning effectiveness, especially for high-risk tasks such as medical procedures and technical skills that benefit from hands-on experience. However, challenges such as technological barriers, infrastructure limitations, and initial resistance from employees were identified, requiring organizations to provide adequate support and training for smooth adoption. While the upfront costs of developing and maintaining metaverse training platforms are significant, the long-term benefits—such as scalability, reduced need for physical resources, and enhanced training outcomes—outweigh these initial investments. Organizations looking to implement metaverse-based training solutions should carefully consider the required technological infrastructure, support for employees, and privacy concerns. Future research should explore advancements in metaverse technology, including AI integration, and investigate the broader adoption of these technologies across various industries, focusing on overcoming adoption barriers and measuring their long-term impact on workforce development.

This study examines the influence of innovation in early childhood education on improving the professionalism of educators, because early childhood education is a critical stage in child development where educators have an important role in providing quality educational experiences, innovation in the context of early childhood education using technology, new learning methods and teaching strategies provided by educators creatively and also improvements to  The curriculum used because this study involves field research that collects data through interviews, surveys and data analysis through documents because the results of the study show that educational innovations in early childhood education can improve the professionalism of education personnel by using technology and more modern learning methods, education personnel can be more effective in managing the learning environment that occurs in children Early and also look at the cognitive and social development of children and also education staff in collaboration with the parents of each student. And educational innovation also has a good impact on the motivation of education personnel to improve the quality possessed by each education staff through training and also development that can be done by education personnel with the results of this study showing that the rocks given in educational innovation can be carried out. Being an effective way to improve the professionalism of early childhood education personnel which will ultimately contribute to improving the quality of early childhood education as a whole in an era that continues to change and also develop, so we can see that innovation is the first key to improving early childhood education and the professionalism of education personnel involved in early childhood education institutions.  

Digital literacy is the ability to obtain, understand, and use information based on various digital sources. Information and communication technology development was increasing rapidly, and the Republic of Indonesia Constitution number 14 year 2005 demanded professional teachers be able to utilize digital technology and assess the validity of information from digital sources. Gilster said there are four aspects of digital literacy competence: internet searching, guidance of hypertext, evaluation of information content, and knowledge assembly. The researcher focuses on the problem of the digital literacy ability of Islamic education teachers and civil servants in Islamic education learning. The type of this research is field research with descriptive and qualitative approaches, which did not produce statistical analysis procedures or quantification methods. However, the research was analyzed through illustrations, narrative and interpretive words. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research results showed that: First, based on the internet searching for Islamic Education teachers at MTsN 1 Hulu Sungai Tengah and MTsN 3 Hulu Sungai Tengah can search the information on the internet using search engines. Second, the ability to guide hypertext or hypertextual navigation of Islamic Education teachers at MTsN 1 Hulu Sungai Tengah and MTsN 3 Hulu Sungai Tengah still require a deeper understanding. Third, based on the ability to evaluate the information content of Islamic Education teachers at MTsN 1 Hulu Sungai Tengah and MTsN 3 Hulu Sungai Tengah, Islamic Education teachers still need to be more critical of the information that they find on the internet. Fourth, the ability to have a knowledge assembly for Islamic Education teachers at MTsN 1 Hulu Sungai Tengah and MTsN 3 Hulu Sungai Tengah also still needs deeper knowledge and understanding. Fifth, the ways implementation of digital literacy in the learning process of Islamic Education are using a computer laboratory, a laptop, and LCD to convey the information or material from the internet.

This research aims to describe the role of tutors in increasing the reading interest of residents studying the Package B program at the Class II A Correctional Institution in Samarinda. The subject of this research was obtained from the results of data collection in the form of interviews, observation and documentation. This research uses descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach. Data sources in this research include the PKBM chairman, tutors, and students studying at the Class II A Correctional Institution. The research location is on Jl. General Sudirman No. 15, Pasar Pagi Village, Samarinda Kota District. Meanwhile, data analysis techniques in this research use data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Triangulation was carried out to explain the validity of the data using source interviews and techniques. The results of the research show that: The role of tutors in increasing the reading interest of learning residents in the package B equality education program at the Class II A Correctional Institution for Learning Residents has fulfilled its role as seen from how the role of the teaching staff or tutor carries out its 4 roles, namely as informator, facilitator, motivator , and evaluators.

Special education means learning that is specifically designed to meet the unique needs of children with physical disabilities. Special education is a learning program prepared to meet the unique needs of an individual child. Education is a human effort to develop and guide personality in accordance with the values of society or as an effort to help students to increase knowledge and useful behavior patterns. Children with special needs are children who experience limitations or obstacles, whether physically, mentally, intellectually, socially or emotionally, such as: children with autism, hearing impairment, blindness, mental impairment, hearing impairment, physical impairment, etc. Harsya Ceria is a school with segregation services, where there are several children with different special needs. In making observations, the researcher focused on one child with autism, therefore the researcher tried to research this with the aim of finding out the problems of autistic children. There is a Harya cheerful preschool. The problems of children with special needs are of course different and varied, one of which is autism. They have the right to receive education like children in general. The method used in this research uses descriptive qualitative methods. Researchers collected descriptive data through interviews and observations. The results of this research show that children with autism have a variety of behaviors, therefore autism really needs attention from its caregivers. Harsya Ceria Paud provides good attention and needs to children with autism.

This research aims to determine the teaching competence of Civic Education teachers in terms of their Mood Swing in teaching at Budisatrya Medan High School. The method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytic approach, by collecting data through interviews with students and teachers, as well as observations in the school environment. The results of the research show that teachers at Budi Satrya High School Medan have quite fluctuating moods. Factors that influence teachers’ mood swings , both internal factors (health conditions, personal problems, and stress levels) and external factors (class conditions, support from the school, and work pressure), have a significant impact on decreasing motivation, creativity, and teacher performance in teaching during the learning process. Changes in a teacher’s mood are influenced by various factors, such as health conditions, personal problems, and dynamics in the classroom. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of knowledge of civic education teachers’ teaching competencies in terms of their mood swings in teaching at school

This research analyzes the potential integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Catholic catechesis for Generation Z through a systematic literature review of 98 articles published between 2015-2024. Using the PRISMA approach and three-level thematic analysis, this study identifies significant transformations in digital catechesis methods, focusing on three main areas: personalization of faith formation, digital contextualization, and AI integration in spiritual assessment. Results show improvements in doctrinal understanding and sacramental participation when AI is appropriately implemented. The digital catechesis integrity and adaptive learning pathways frameworks provide guidance for implementation that balances technological innovation with fidelity to the Magisterium. This study contributes to developing catechesis models that are responsive to Generation Z's needs while maintaining the integrity of Catholic teaching.

This study aims to review various methods and applications of the ethnochemistry approach in chemistry education through a literature review. Ethnochemistry connects chemical concepts with local wisdom and culture, providing deeper contextualization for students. The literature review was conducted by collecting data from various articles relevant to this topic, published between 2018 and 2024. The review results indicate that integrating ethnochemistry into chemistry learning can enhance students' understanding of chemical concepts, scientific skills, creativity, and engagement. This approach also helps preserve traditional chemical knowledge that may otherwise be lost. This study concludes that ethnochemistry is a significant innovation that can improve the quality of chemistry education in a more meaningful and relevant way for students, while also strengthening their cultural identity.

This Community Service aimed to enhance the parents' ability to educate their children to possess self-reliance skills from an early age. The activity considered the importance of self-reliance skills as the foundation for a child's continuous development. A total of 24 parents with early childhood in Rejosari Village, Glagah, Banyuwangi, participated in this program. The method used was education and training conducted interactively, involving active participation from parents and supplemented with direct practice and discussion. The results showed an improvement in parents' knowledge and skills in supporting the development of children's self-reliance skills. Parents became more understanding and skilled in applying self-reliance education methods, as well as identifying and overcoming obstacles that arise in educating their children. This activity also created a learning community among parents, where they could share experiences and strategies for educating children to be more independent. This community service has positively impacted increasing parents' skills and knowledge in supporting the development of self-reliance skills in early childhood.

Education is a basic component that can determine whether a country is progressing or not, which is also closely related to literacy. Where the activities and processes in it are a more detailed part of literacy, one of which is Economic Digital Literacy. The aim of this research is to determine the role of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) in increasing Digital Economic Literacy which is categorized as still low. The method used is a literature review whose sources are obtained from the Google Scholar website as well as reputable international journals with publications less than 10 years old. The results of the analysis of various literature reviews show that Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) participates in increasing Economic Digital Literacy. The implementation of TPACK will have a positive impact on the flow of learning with a combination of knowledge, pedagogy, technology. With the combination of knowledge, pedagogy, technology, TPACK's role is able to increase Digital Economic Literacy.

Academic stress has become a worrying problem. Because this academic stress affects the performance in the classroom learning process of students. It is suspected that peer pressure is the cause of academic stress. This study aims to examine the influence of peer pressure on academic stress among students of UIN Walisongo Semarang. Using a survey method with a quantitative approach, data were collected from 200 students through a questionnaire that measured the level of peer pressure and academic stress. The results of statistical analysis using simple linear regression showed that there was no significant influence between peer pressure and academic stress, with a p-value greater than 0.05. This finding suggests that peer pressure is not the main factor influencing academic stress in students of UIN Walisongo Semarang. Discussion of the results of this study reveals that there may be other factors that are more dominant in determining the level of academic stress.

This article explores the importance of synergy between Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers and parents in enhancing the spirituality of Generation Alpha students. This generation lives amidst rapid digital technological advancements that influence how they think, behave, and develop life values. Spiritual formation for Generation Alpha cannot be carried out separately by schools and homes; instead, it must be built through close collaboration between teachers and parents. This study employs a qualitative approach using literature review methods, analyzing various books, academic journals, and relevant data on the role of CRE teachers, parental involvement, and contextual strategies for faith development. The findings indicate that students’ spirituality can be significantly improved through collaborative approaches involving contextual learning, the use of digital media, life modeling, and effective communication between school and family. The article emphasizes that the synergy between CRE teachers and parents is a relevant and essential strategy to nurture Generation Alpha students with strong faith and character in accordance with the teachings of Christ.