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Sebatik Island, which is located on the border of Indonesia and Malaysia, is a very strategic area but is vulnerable to illegal immigration problems. The unclear geography, as well as the social and economic dependence of the community on Malaysia, worsens the situation by creating illegal crossing routes that are difficult to monitor. This article explores various collaborative efforts made by Indonesia and Malaysia to strengthen supervision and law enforcement in the Sebatik Island area. These efforts include joint patrols, cross-border coordination, improving immigration facilities, and more integrated law enforcement. However, obstacles such as differences in policy, limited personnel and the strength of smuggling networks still hamper the effectiveness of border management. For this reason, more intensive cooperation is needed, to ensure the protection of state sovereignty and the welfare of border communities.

This study explores the issue of slum settlements in Ledhok Timoho Village, located along the banks of the Gajah Wong River in Yogyakarta. The area faces complex social, economic, legal, and environmental challenges, mainly due to the legal uncertainty of Sultan Ground land where many residents live. A descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach was applied. The findings reveal that unclear land ownership hinders residents’ access to public services and decent housing. Local initiatives such as TAABAH have been instrumental in advocating for residents’ rights, yet structural limitations persist. The study recommends implementing long-term residential concession schemes, replicating the livable village model through community participation, revitalizing basic infrastructure, and integrating human rights-based and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) approaches. An inclusive and collaborative strategy is essential for slum settlement upgrading that is sustainable, equitable, and respectful of human dignity.

Riau Malay performing arts are an important cultural heritage, serving as a medium for the expression of identity, moral values, and spirituality of the community. Its existence faces challenges due to globalization, social change, and the declining interest of the younger generation. This paper examines the cultural dynamics, changes in function, and preservation strategies of Riau Malay performing arts. The method used is a literature study with analysis of various sources. The results show that digital innovation, government policy, education, cultural festivals, and legal protection are key in maintaining the sustainability of this art. However, preservation is still faced with weak coordination, lack of protection, and the threat of modernization. Therefore, a collaborative and adaptive approach is needed for Riau Malay performing arts to remain sustainable in the modern era.

The low activity of students in biology learning is the main challenge in efforts to improve the quality of science learning in secondary schools. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of the Project Based Learning learning model in increasing student activity and learning outcomes in respiratory system materials at SMA Negeri 2 Langowan. This research is a Class Action Research that is carried out in two cycles, each of which includes stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects of the study were 13 students in grade XI. The instruments used include student activity observation sheets and the final test of the cycle based on description questions. The results showed that in the first cycle, only 38.46% of students achieved learning completeness with an average score of 60. However, after improving the strategy in cycle II through active mentoring, learning motivation, and strengthening group work, completeness increased to 92.30% with an average score of 84.69. These findings indicate that the Project Based Learning learning model is able to build student activeness through contextual, collaborative, and hands-on experience-based learning. The increase in activeness is reflected not only in test results, but also in students' active participation in discussions, group presentations, and project completion. The implications of this study show that Project Based Learning is feasible to be implemented as an innovative learning strategy to improve the quality of student interaction and engagement in biology learning on an ongoing basis.

This study examines the implementation of Pancasila values-based Civic Education (PKn) learning in enhancing tolerance attitudes among fifth-grade students at UPT SD Negeri 064016. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, document analysis, and tolerance attitude questionnaires involving 28 students. Results indicate that contextual strategies—such as classroom deliberation simulations and collaborative projects based on local wisdom—significantly improved students' tolerance attitudes. Conceptual understanding of diversity increased by 34.5%, empathetic attitudes rose by 29.5%, and inclusive practices grew by 23.7% (composite score +29%, Cohen’s d = 1.45). Key supporting factors included the school’s commitment to integrating Pancasila values into the curriculum and innovative media (e.g., multicultural congklak, AR cultural maps). Primary constraints were limited instructional time and student ability heterogeneity. The study concludes that Pancasila values-based learning models, supported by teacher consistency and active student participation, effectively foster inclusive school environments.  

This study aims to analyze how the implementation of collaborative governance in the Nutritious Food Yard Program (P2B) strengthens community-based food security in Sidoarjo Regency. A qualitative approach with a case study method was used to explore the social dynamics in depth. The research was conducted in Kampung Edukasi Sampah, Sekardangan Sub-district, one of the active areas in P2B implementation. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving key stakeholders such as the Sidoarjo City Food and Agriculture Office, Sidoarjo Police Sector, village officials, farmer groups, and environmental cadres. The analysis applied the collaborative governance model by Ansell and Gash (2008), which includes five indicators: face-to-face dialogue, trust building, commitment to the process, shared understanding, and intermediate outcomes. The findings show that most indicators of collaboration have been realized, particularly in communication and trust-building aspects. However, some challenges remain, including the absence of formal agreement documents among actors, inconsistent communication, lack of program outreach, and overlapping roles between the police and related agencies. This research contributes to strengthening cross-sectoral collaboration models in community-based food security programs in urban areas.

Vocational high schools (SMK) play an important role in preparing students for the world of work. However, student learning outcomes in the subject of Electrical Lighting Installation at SMK Negeri 5 Kota Padang are still relatively low, with an average pretest score of 57.34. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model in improving student learning outcomes. The research method used was classroom action research with 32 students from class XI TITL as subjects. Data were collected through pre-tests, post-tests, and observations of student activities during learning. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of STAD successfully improved student learning outcomes significantly, with an average post-test score of 82.19 and an N-Gain Score of 0.58 (moderate category). Academic achievement also increased from 15.6% to 75%. Further analysis revealed that collaborative interactions within groups, the reward system, and active student participation were key factors contributing to the success of this method. However, challenges such as time management and low student engagement require attention. It is concluded that the STAD model is effective in improving students' learning outcomes in the subject of Electrical Lighting Installation, both in terms of cognitive aspects and social skills. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers implement STAD with proper syntax and consider developing supporting media such as digital simulations to optimize the learning process.

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of flashcard media in music learning, especially in helping students understand music theory and increase motivation to play music through a fun and interactive approach. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study identified, evaluated, and synthesized eight selected scientific articles published between 2015-2025. The selection process was based on PRISMA guidelines and Zawacki-Richter's SLR model, including the formulation of research questions, screening of articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assessment of study quality. The results showed that the use of flashcards - both in manual and digital form - consistently contributed positively to the improvement of rhythmic ability, understanding of notation concepts, and affective engagement of learners from various levels. Flashcards proved effective in simplifying complex musical material into concrete visual representations, strengthening long-term memory through retrieval practice and spaced repetition techniques. Furthermore, the integration of flashcards in project-based pedagogical approaches (PjBL), character learning, as well as digital technologies such as apps and AR, shows great potential in enriching music learning experiences that are inclusive, collaborative and meaningful. Therefore, this study recommends the continued development of interactive technology-based flashcard media as a future music learning innovation.

The development of information and communication technology has encouraged the world of education to adapt to the use of digital media in the learning process. One platform that can be utilized effectively is Google Sites, a free website creation service from Google that allows teachers and students to easily create web-based learning media. This article comprehensively discusses the use of Google Sites as a learning medium, including its advantages, disadvantages, and functions in supporting digital learning. In addition, this article also explains the systematic steps in creating a learning site using Google Sites, from planning to publishing the site. The results of the discussion show that Google Sites is a practical, flexible, and collaborative solution in supporting 21st century learning, especially in the context of blended learning and distance learning. Although it has limitations in design and interactivity, the advantages in integrating Google services and ease of use make this platform worthy of adoption in educational environments.

Low motivation to learn and limited conceptual understanding are significant challenges in learning biology at the junior high school level, especially in abstract material on the classification of living things. This study aims to analyze the influence of the use of animated videos on student learning motivation and learning outcomes. A quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design of one group pre-test and post-test was used in this study. The research sample consisted of 25 students in grade VIII of SMP Negeri 2 East Likupang. Data was collected through observation sheets to assess learning motivation and pre-test and post-test tests to evaluate learning outcomes. The results of the observation showed that the average motivation of students reached 86.32% in the outstanding category. The average pre-test score of 59.57 increased to 81.09 on the post-test, indicating a significant improvement in concept comprehension. The t-test corroborates these findings with a significant value at a 95% confidence level. These results show that animated videos can present a visualization of complex concepts in an engaging and contextual way, thereby increasing students' focus, active participation, and absorption of the material. In addition, the use of this media also supports the development of students' collaborative skills and critical thinking. This research confirms that animated videos are a strategic alternative in effective science learning, especially in school environments with limitations of conventional visual media. It is suggested that the application of this media be expanded to various materials and levels of education.

Cultural, ethnic, and religious diversity can create a unique educational landscape and demand an inclusive and responsive approach. In multicultural schools, the curriculum often intersects with multicultural education, which includes teaching about different cultures, history, global perspectives. The subjects taught not only focus on traditional academics but also must involve content that deeply understands how diversity influences thinking and action. To fulfill learning so that it can influence students' thinking and actions or attitudes, one of the things needed is to create inclusive education based on love. Inclusive education is one type of approach used in the world of education with an emphasis on the importance of acceptance and appreciation of diversity. In the implementation of inclusive education, the role of teachers is needed, one of which is a Christian religious education teacher. The role needed is how teachers apply compassion to students. Teachers can do this through teaching inclusive attitudes, loving attitudes, and teachers must also be role models. The purpose of inclusive education based on love is to carry out learning activities such as role playing, group discussions, and collaborative activities to help children develop attitudes, social skills, and emotions. In discussing the role of Christian religious education teachers in implementing inclusive learning based on love, the method used is a literature approach by collecting information from books and journals based on the discussion.

  Abstract. Interregional cooperation is a strategic approach to addressing cross-boundary development challenges, particularly in supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to examine the opportunities and challenges in implementing the Grebang Ratubangnegoro Kertowilangan cooperation, which involves 11 regencies/cities across East and Central Java. The research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, by collecting and analyzing relevant academic articles from Google Scholar and other sources. This study is grounded in the Intergovernmental Relations theory by Agranoff and Radin (2014), which emphasizes the importance of collaboration and coordination across multiple levels of government in managing modern governance complexities, using five core principles as the analytical framework. The findings show that this cooperation has significant potential to accelerate infrastructure development, improve public service efficiency, and enhance regional economic competitiveness, especially in relation to SDG 11 and SDG 17. However, the initiative still faces major challenges, including weak institutional coordination, differing regional priorities, and limited resources. Therefore, strengthening institutional frameworks, establishing a joint secretariat, and integrating SDG indicators into interregional planning are recommended as strategic steps toward more effective and sustainable cooperation.

This research aims to analyze strategies for budget efficiency by strengthening collaborative governance in delivering social services by the Social Service Office of Surabaya City. A qualitative approach was used through a study of planning documents and local media reports from 2021 to 2024. Content analysis was applied to identify partnership patterns among government institutions, social organizations, communities, and businesses involved in the implementation of social programs. The findings reveal that such collaborations significantly reduce the fiscal burden on the government, expand service outreach for vulnerable groups, and reinforce the sustainability of social programs. The established partnerships also accelerate aid distribution, improve coordination, and encourage innovation through community-based participation amid regional fiscal constraints.

This Research aims to identify the role of of leadership in addressing and bridging differences of opinion between teachers and parents regarding the educational methods used. The goal is to create a harmonious collaboration to optimize children's development. The research method employed is library research, by collecting and analyzing various relevant literature sources to understand effective leadership strategies in building collaboration between families and schools. The findings indicate that effective leadership in early childhood education (ECE) settings must be able to accommodate diverse perspectives through open communication, collaborative activities, and the development of trust between schools and parents.

This paper analyzes bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and the UK in the field of cybersecurity. Cyber ​​threats are increasingly complex and require a collaborative approach that cannot be addressed independently by each country. Indonesia as a developing economy with high internet faces significant cyber dynamics, while the UK has technological advantages and mature cybersecurity experience. Using a descriptive qualitative analysis approach, this paper examines bilateral agreements, data, and related literature to understand the dynamics of this cooperation. Therefore, this paper shows that this cooperation is based on the strategic interests of both countries in maintaining regional and global security stability, as well as the rampant cyber threats in the current digital era. Indonesia chose the UK as its main partner because of its technological advantages in AI and digital innovation. This cooperation is implemented through personnel exchange mechanisms, technical training, and research and development collaboration.

This study explores the challenges and expectations faced by teachers in educating deaf students at SLB Negeri Keleyan. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews and observations to understand the real experiences of teachers in the learning process. The findings reveal that one of the main challenges is teaching students with total hearing loss from birth, which demands more time, creativity, and adaptation in instructional strategies. Teachers often adjust the curriculum based on the students’ individual abilities. Despite these difficulties, students show positive development when they receive consistent encouragement, emotional support, and recognition. Teachers express hope for improved training opportunities, especially in visual and adaptive teaching techniques, as well as better support from families and the government. Additionally, they highlight the importance of assistive learning tools and inclusive job opportunities after graduation. This study affirms that with collaborative support, deaf students have the potential to grow, learn, and contribute meaningfully to society.

The study analyzes the business strategy of UPC Pegadaian Pasar Bumiayu using the SERVO approach (Strategy, Environment, Resources, Values, Organization). The findings indicate that Pegadaian has developed adaptive and innovative strategies through service digitalization, sharia-based products, as well as public education and strategic partnerships. Both internal and external environments are managed responsively, utilizing human resources and technology effectively. Organizational values promote a collaborative work culture and inclusive leadership. The evaluation shows that the SERVO approach helps Pegadaian remain competitive and relevant in the modern financial industry.

Academic supervision is a crucial aspect of Islamic education management that plays a strategic role in enhancing the quality of curriculum implementation. This study aims to analyze the role of academic supervision in strengthening curriculum execution within Islamic educational institutions. The method employed is a qualitative literature review, examining various scholarly sources related to academic supervision and curriculum implementation in the context of Islamic education. The findings indicate that academic supervision functions not only as a monitoring mechanism but also as a process for professional development of teachers and adaptation of the curriculum to Islamic values. Systematic and collaborative supervision enhances teachers’ motivation and competence while ensuring the curriculum’s relevance to students’ needs and local contexts. The implications of this study underscore the importance of reinforcing academic supervision as a fundamental pillar in adaptive and sustainable Islamic education management, capable of addressing contemporary challenges without compromising religious values.

Islamic educational institutions play a crucial role in shaping students’ character based on Islamic values. However, the rapid development of the digital era presents both opportunities and challenges. This article aims to analyze the problems faced by Islamic educational institutions in adapting to the digital age and to offer practical solutions. The research identifies key issues such as outdated curricula, lack of professional human resources, limited digital infrastructure, and financial constraints. The findings suggest that to remain relevant, these institutions must integrate technology into the learning process, reform curriculum design, improve teachers' digital competencies, and ensure sustainable funding. This study emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts between schools, families, governments, and society in ensuring the advancement of Islamic education in a digitalized world.

The rapid development of the business world has driven increased complexity in competition, particularly in the retail sector which has experienced significant growth in various regions, including Tuban. In this context, the partnership between suppliers and department stores (toserba) becomes a strategic aspect that plays a crucial role in maintaining business continuity, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the patterns of relationships between suppliers and department stores in Tuban, as well as to identify factors that support the success of such partnerships and their impact on operational performance and customer satisfaction. Using a qualitative descriptive approach based on library research, data were collected from various secondary sources such as scientific journals, books, and relevant publications. The results indicate that effective partnership relationships are characterized by open communication, high trust and commitment, close collaboration, and adaptation to digital transformation. Furthermore, a solid partnership between suppliers and department stores contributes to improving supply chain efficiency, reducing logistics costs, optimizing inventory management, and enhancing customer satisfaction through product availability and responsive service. This study provides valuable contributions to formulating sustainable collaborative strategies for local retail businesses to face increasingly competitive markets.