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This article examines the shift in local government authority over mineral and coal mining management following the enactment of Law Number 23 of 2014 on Regional Government. The transfer of authority from regency/city governments to provincial and central governments has created normative disharmony between the Regional Government Law and the Mining Law, resulting in legal uncertainty at the implementation level. Using a normative juridical approach and Hans Kelsen’s theory of the hierarchy of norms, this article analyzes the legal validity of the transfer and identifies structural conflicts within the legal system. The findings indicate that the current regulation lacks both hierarchical consistency and functional clarity. Therefore, a reconstruction of the legal framework for mining governance is required to balance the principle of legality with the concept of regional autonomy. A model of limited delegation, sectoral regulatory harmonization, and the application of multilevel governance are proposed as key recommendations to ensure a fair, effective, and constitutional relationship between central and local governments.  

Academic supervision is a crucial aspect of Islamic education management that plays a strategic role in enhancing the quality of curriculum implementation. This study aims to analyze the role of academic supervision in strengthening curriculum execution within Islamic educational institutions. The method employed is a qualitative literature review, examining various scholarly sources related to academic supervision and curriculum implementation in the context of Islamic education. The findings indicate that academic supervision functions not only as a monitoring mechanism but also as a process for professional development of teachers and adaptation of the curriculum to Islamic values. Systematic and collaborative supervision enhances teachers’ motivation and competence while ensuring the curriculum’s relevance to students’ needs and local contexts. The implications of this study underscore the importance of reinforcing academic supervision as a fundamental pillar in adaptive and sustainable Islamic education management, capable of addressing contemporary challenges without compromising religious values.

The concept of sustainable living has increasingly influenced daily life, with communities adopting healthy habits, eco-friendly actions, and paperless practices. Lyfe With Less is one community actively promoting sustainability through the #SalingSilang campaign. This study analyzes their communication strategies to encourage sustainable lifestyles via social media. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through digital searches and observation. Findings reveal that social media functions as both an educational platform and a catalyst for social change. A multi-platform strategy ensures broad information dissemination, while exclusive memberships, such as those on Telegram, support deeper community engagement. Programs like the #SalingSilang Free Market and #BersalingSilang offer sustainable consumption alternatives. In 2024, 1,588 second-hand items were exchanged in Bandung, and 3,305 people participated in events across multiple cities. Innovations such as the Sustainable Journey Passport and subsidized shipping fees for online trades enhance public participation. Through these initiatives, Lyfe With Less has built a communication ecosystem that fosters minimalist and environmentally conscious lifestyles. Their approach effectively reduces overconsumption, raises waste management awareness, and demonstrates how social media can be a powerful tool for promoting sustainability.

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease has continued to increase over the years, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to designate it as a global health threat. Pycnogenol, a proprietary name for proanthocyanidins—a specific class of bioflavonoids—is known for its potent antioxidant properties. It neutralizes unstable oxygen molecules, or free radicals, that damage body cells. One of the notable benefits of Pycnogenol is its positive effect on cardiovascular health. This study aims to evaluate the effects and potential benefits of Pycnogenol consumption in relation to cardiovascular disease. This article uses a literature review method by collecting scientific articles published within the last ten years (2014–2024) from reputable online sources such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. The results of the study show that Pycnogenol, as a phytochemical compound, plays a beneficial role in maintaining cardiovascular function and preventing heart disease, atherosclerosis, and other cardiovascular conditions. All reviewed articles consistently describe the connection between Pycnogenol intake and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, Pycnogenol demonstrates strong antioxidant activity that may contribute significantly to the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases.  

. Instagram is a social media platform that allows users to share various photos, videos, and messages online. In the digital era, communication through social media has become a means for users to interact. The Direct Message (DM) feature on Instagram plays an important role in facilitating communication. However, based on observations and questionnaire results, users reported that the interface and user experience of this feature are less than optimal, particularly regarding feature functionality, less efficient message management, and difficulties in marking important messages. Based on these issues, this study focuses on understanding user needs to improve the DM feature. Instagram DM serves as an interface that delivers information to users. The purpose of this research is to increase efficiency, create a more interactive user experience, and enhance user satisfaction when using the Direct Message feature on Instagram. This study adopts the User-Centered Design (UCD) method for a design development process oriented to user needs, involving four stages: user analysis, solution analysis, design, and testing. Prototype design testing uses the System Usability Scale (SUS) method to measure system usability. The SUS test results from 37 respondents yielded a score of 71%, indicating a good level of usability and acceptance by users.  

This study aims to analyze and describe the effectiveness of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) management, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors in Negeri Amahusu, Nusaniwe District, Ambon City. The research employs a qualitative method with in-depth interview techniques for data collection.Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the management of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) in Negeri Amahusu is transparent, but community participation needs to be improved through more effective socialization and communication. The use of ADD aligns with the planned budget, yet challenges persist in fund disbursement and transparency in proposal acceptance. Financial administration is carried out accountably, despite encountering technical difficulties in transaction recording. The capacity of village officials still requires improvement, particularly in understanding updated regulations and financial reporting. Community participation is relatively high in village meetings and mutual cooperation activities, although material contributions remain limited. Coordination between institutions functions effectively, yet formal communication must be enhanced to ensure clearer information dissemination and greater community involvement.  

Surabaya known as the City of Heroes, has various historical buildings scattered in strategic areas, one of which is in Kota Lama Surabaya. The existence of these buildings has been designated as cultural heritage that must be preserved in order to maintain the historical value and identity of the city. However, the implementation of preservation still encounters various obstacles, especially in technical and administrative aspects, as well as the lack of public understanding of the importance of preservation. This research aims to describe the implementation of Surabaya City Regional Regulation Number 1 Year 2024 on the Preservation and Management of Cultural Heritage, with a focus on De Javasche Bank Museum as the object of research. Researchers used descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, field observations, documentation, and review of policy documents. The implementation theory of Ripley and Franklin was used as an analytical knife that includes three indicators, namely the level of compliance with regulations, the smooth routine of functions and coordination between implementers, and the realization of the desired performance and impact. The results show that the implementation of the local regulation has shown progress at the institutional level through coordination across Regional Apparatus Organizations and the implementation of SOPs by museum managers. However, there are still obstacles such as the lack of optimal human resources experts, weak administrative coordination, and the absence of a special management institution. Positive impacts such as increased visitation and community involvement are starting to be seen, but the overall effectiveness of implementation still requires strengthening in various sectors to ensure the sustainability of inclusive preservation.

The rapid digital transformation in Indonesia has intensified the need for robust personal data protection, particularly through the mechanism of the Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) as stipulated in Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law). This study employs a normative juridical and qualitative approach to examine the role of DPIA as a key instrument in identifying, evaluating, and mitigating privacy risks in high-risk personal data processing activities. The findings reveal that although DPIA represents a significant normative advancement, its implementation faces major challenges, including the absence of detailed technical regulations, limited institutional capacity, and insufficient data subject involvement. By comparing international best practices, this research highlights the urgent need to strengthen regulatory frameworks, enhance digital and privacy literacy, and develop a collaborative ecosystem to optimize the DPIA function. Normative recommendations are formulated to reinforce DPIA as a risk management tool and a safeguard for privacy rights, aiming to foster a secure and trustworthy digital ecosystem amid ongoing digital transformation.

The State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN) is a fundamental fiscal policy instrument for realizing national development and public welfare. This study aims to analyze the correlation between APBN management and Indonesia’s economic growth, focusing on the effectiveness of government spending and oversight of budget misappropriations. Based on the 2023 audit report by the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK), financial losses due to APBN mismanagement reached IDR 8.2 trillion, highlighting the weakness in financial oversight and transparency. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores the significance of budget efficiency and the implementation of APBN’s fiscal functions in supporting macroeconomic stability. The findings suggest that government spending significantly influences economic growth, yet its effectiveness is heavily dependent on robust monitoring systems and sound fiscal strategies. Therefore, strengthening fiscal transparency and supervision is crucial to prevent state losses and promote equitable development.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of local revenue realization, particularly Regional Original Revenue (PAD), in supporting regional development programs. PAD serves as a vital indicator of fiscal independence and a primary funding source for sustainable development efforts. However, many regions still face significant challenges in optimizing PAD potential. Gaps between revenue targets and actual realization, weak retribution management, low taxpayer compliance, and poor inter-agency data integration are major obstacles to effectiveness. This study utilizes a descriptive method rooted in qualitative analysis by examining existing literature and secondary data analysis from credible sources. The findings indicate that PAD effectiveness strongly influences a region's fiscal capacity to implement development functions, especially in public service and infrastructure sectors. Therefore, policy reform, strengthening of revenue collection systems, and improvement of human resource capacity are critical strategies to achieve fiscal autonomy and sustainable regional development. The integration of religious values into strategies for optimizing local revenue (PAD) can also enhance tax awareness through spiritual and social approaches, strengthen public trust in the government, and foster development that is not only materially oriented but also grounded in ethics and social justice.

It is very important for the principal to overcome teacher indiscipline by implementing effective management. This will be the basis for achieving educational goals. This field research is a form of qualitative descriptive taking the object of the principal's managerial competence in improving teacher discipline, located at SMK Al Ghozaly Wonosobo, conducted in March 2025 - June 2025 in semester 2 (two) of the 2024/2025 academic year. The subjects of the study included the principal, the curriculum vice principal, and several educators and education personnel. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation to then be analyzed descriptively. The results of the research show that the principal of SMK Al Ghozaly Wonosobo has implemented the five main functions of management, careful planning, effective organizing, clear notification, motivating direction, and comprehensive supervision. The principal's technical, human, and conceptual expertise play an important role in supporting the improvement of teacher discipline. The implementation of punishment is more prominent and felt directly compared to rewards, the effectiveness of punishment in encouraging minimal discipline, but not yet optimal for long-term behavioral changes, the relationship between leadership communication and clarity of reward-punishment criteria affects teacher acceptance. This finding leads to the direction of future research to examine more broadly the dominant and effective punishment system to encourage minimal teacher discipline through direct sanctions for the sake of more specific precision of findings.

Inter industry benchmarking has become an important strategy for comanies to improve their competitiveness by mapping the advantages of other sectors. This research addresses the implementation of benchmarking as a transformative tool that allows companies to learn from best practices beyond the traditional boundaries of their industry. With a qualitative descriptive approach, this research explores the latest literature as well as real case studies of Indonesian companies such as PT. Astra International, Bank Mandiri, and Garuda Indonesia. The implementation of benchmarking in the three mentioned companies shows indusa positive impact in the from of increased operational effiensiency, innovation in products or services, and customer satisfaction. This study also highlights the challenges in implementing inter industry benchmarking, including internal resistance, resource limitations, and contextual adaption difficulties. Key success factors such as management commitment, cross-functional collaboration, and the use of modern technology are deteminants of the success of this process. Inter industry benchmarking not only improves efficiency but also creates added value for customers and strengthens the company’s position in the global market.

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a chronic neuropathic pain complication following herpes zoster infection. PHN often leads to persistent pain and facial muscle dysfunction, affecting patients' quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the physiotherapy management using electrical stimulation and facial exercises in a case of facial PHN. A case report design was used to observe a 36-year-old male patient presenting with facial pain and muscle weakness after herpes zoster infection. The physiotherapy intervention, consisting of electrical stimulation and facial exercises, was conducted over three sessions within two weeks. Assessment tools included NPRS, MMT, and Ugo Fisch Scale. There was a significant reduction in pain from NPRS 5/10 to 0, and improvement in frontal muscle strength from MMT 0 to 3. The Ugo Fisch score increased from 62 to 66, indicating functional improvement of facial muscles, though not yet optimal. Electrical stimulation and facial exercises were effective in reducing pain and improving facial muscle function in a PHN patient. Further research with larger samples is needed to validate these findings.

The development of social media has transformed the way Generation Z constructs and presents their self-identity. One emerging phenomenon is the use of more than one Instagram account by a single user, known as the first account and second account. This study aims to analyze the use of multiple Instagram accounts by Generation Z in shaping self-image, using Erving Goffman's dramaturgical theory. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The informants consisted of eight 11th-grade students from SMK Negeri Nusawungu who actively used multiple Instagram accounts. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. The findings show that the first account functions as the front stage, where informants present an ideal image with curated content and carefully managed impressions. In contrast, the second account serves as the back stage, used for freer, more spontaneous, and emotional self-expression, with a more selective and private audience. The seven key dramaturgical concepts—mystification, setting, front personal, role distance, stigma, impression management, and frame analysis—were identified in the online behavior of the informants. This study recommends the importance of digital literacy and social empathy in understanding the dynamics of youth identity in digital spaces.    

This study aims to explore the dynamics of the role of Human Resources Business Partners (HRBPs) in driving business strategy, with a focus on identifying challenges and supporting factors for their implementation in the Indonesian financial sector. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with several HRBPs and line managers in financial sector companies, supported by observation and document analysis. The collected data were analyzed thematically. The results revealed three main challenges faced by HRBPs: (1) resistance to change within the HR function itself, (2) limited analytical and business competencies within HRBPs, and (3) a lack of understanding of the strategic role of HRBPs among line managers. Furthermore, the success of the HRBP role is strongly supported by three key factors: full support from top management, quality collaboration with line managers, and the use of information technology for efficiency and data analysis. This study provides practical guidance for companies, particularly in the financial sector, to optimize the strategic role of HRBPs through competency development programs, organizational culture change, and technology support. This research provides an in-depth empirical overview of the actual practices and complexities of implementing the HRBP model in the Indonesian context, a topic rarely explored.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a permanent, non-progressive motor disorder that occurs due to brain damage experienced before, during, or after birth. This condition is generally characterized by activity limitations and can be accompanied by various other disorders, such as delayed cognitive development, visual impairment, speech disorders, and neuromuscular disorders. Management of cerebral palsy is usually multidisciplinary, including physiotherapy, behavioral therapy, speech therapy, nutritional management, pharmacotherapy, and surgical intervention, with the aim of improving the patient's quality of life. This case report discusses a male patient, An. AZ, aged 4 years and 6 months, who was brought by his parents to the Emergency Department of Cut Meutia General Hospital, North Aceh with the chief complaint of seizures that had occurred two days before admission and had worsened in the past day. The patient had been diagnosed with cerebral palsy since early childhood and regularly underwent physiotherapy. From the anamnesis, it was revealed that the patient experienced weakness on the left side of the body, which was more dominant than the right side. This condition is consistent with the manifestation of hemiplegia in cerebral palsy patients. Physical examination revealed delayed motor development, increased muscle tone on the left side, and enhanced pathological reflexes. Acute seizure management included administering anticonvulsant medication according to protocol, monitoring vital signs, and close observation in the inpatient ward. In addition to pharmacological therapy, the patient was advised to continue regular physiotherapy to maintain motor function, prevent contractures, and support the development of daily activities. This case emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to the management of cerebral palsy, particularly when complicated by seizures. Integration of acute medical care, rehabilitative therapy, and family support plays a crucial role in improving the patient's quality of life.

Cooperatives play a crucial role as business entities in enhancing the people's economy in Indonesia. Rooted in the principles of kinship and mutual cooperation, cooperatives aim to improve the welfare of their members and society at large, rather than merely pursuing profit. This study employs a descriptive analysis method to examine the role of cooperatives as a pillar of the people's economy, focusing on their contributions to microeconomic empowerment, job creation, and strengthening community purchasing power. The findings indicate that cooperatives significantly contribute to local economic growth, particularly through synergy with MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises), as well as by providing members with access to capital and training. However, challenges such as weak management, low financial literacy, and inadequate technological adaptation still hinder the optimization of cooperatives' roles. On the other hand, sharia cooperatives also emphasize social functions based on principles of justice and social responsibility. To enhance the contribution of cooperatives, institutional strengthening, professional management, and regulatory support from the government are required. Thus, cooperatives remain relevant as instruments for inclusive and sustainable economic development in Indonesia. 

Correspondence is one of the most important formal communication media in an organization because it functions to convey information clearly, systematically, and well-documented so as to support smooth communication between departments. This study aims to determine the role of correspondence in improving the effectiveness of organizational communication, as well as identifying challenges and solutions applied in its management. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation studies in an organization. The results of the study indicate that correspondence is effective as a formal communication tool that supports coordination between departments, although there are several obstacles such as late delivery and incorrect letter formats. Solutions such as administrative training, use of electronic filing systems, letter writing guidelines, and supervision have been proven to help improve the quality of correspondence. With good management, correspondence contributes significantly to improving the effectiveness of organizational communication as a whole.

This study aims to analyze the Capacity of the New Village Government Apparatus in Takatunga I Village, Ngada Regency. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a case study approach. The theory used in this research is the theory of Apparatus Capacity according to Asrori which highlights three abilities, namely basic ability, management ability and technical ability. Informants who became research sources amounted to 12 people. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in the research are interviews, observation, documentation and literature study. Data analysis techniques used in the research are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the basic skills possessed by the apparatus in Takatunga I Village were inadequate, most of the apparatus did not know the basic fundamentals of village government, their main duties and functions. In addition, Takatunga I Village does not yet have a village profile and village government organizational structure. The management skills possessed by Takatunga I village officials are still very limited; there are still complaints from the community about the services provided, because there is only one official who can operate a computer. In addition, although monitoring is limited to monitoring development, evaluation in Takatunga I Village is still limited to reporting every semester. The financial disbursement process is well done, but the accountability aspect is still less than optimal. The technical capabilities of the Takatunga I Village apparatus are quite good, despite having limited facilities and mastery of technology such as computers.

Mathematical logic is a branch of science that studies the principles of logical reasoning and how to judge the truth of a statement. This article discusses the role of mathematical logic in everyday life, especially in education, technology, and finance. Mathematical logic has been proven to help improve critical, analytical, and systematic thinking skills, making it easier for individuals to solve various problems more effectively and efficiently. In the world of education, mathematical logic supports the development of rational, argumentative, and problem-solving skills, and is an important foundation in the science and mathematics curriculum. Teachers can leverage this logic to encourage students in building consistent reasoning and logical argumentation. In the field of technology, mathematical logic is the foundation in the development of modern computing systems, such as algorithms, programming, artificial intelligence, and data structures. Without mathematical logic, digital systems such as search engines, software, and applications cannot function optimally. In finance, mathematical logic plays a role in budget strategy, investment decision-making, statistical analysis, and rational risk management. With a good understanding of logic, individuals and institutions can make more wise and measurable financial decisions. Although his contribution is large, there are still many people who do not understand the basic concepts of mathematical logic. This can be overcome through more inclusive education, contextual approaches, and interactive learning based on real problems, both in schools and non-formal environments. This study emphasizes the importance of mathematical logic as a foundation in supporting a more rational, efficient, and structured life in today's modern era. Increasing mathematical logic literacy can be a national strategy to create a society that thinks critically, is competitive, and ready to face global challenges.