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Sunlight as a renewable energy source that produces heat energy from solar radiation. Radiation is the propagation of energy without an intermediary substance, so that solar energy can reach the earth's surface through radiation due to the vacuum between the Earth and the Sun. Radiation is the only energy that can propagate through a vacuum and reach the earth's surface through direct radiation, diffuse radiation, and total radiation. Solar panels are devices that can convert sunlight into electricity. The study aims to understand the effectiveness of solar panels in generating electricity, identify factors that affect the performance of solar panels in residential environments, and assess the utilization of Energy from Solar Panels that Can Reduce Monthly Electricity Costs at Home. The research methodology used is qualitative. The results of this study, the utilization of solar panels in residential environments shows varying effectiveness, Environmental factors such as temperature, lighting, cleanliness, and extreme weather conditions play an important role in the performance of solar panels in households, Utilization of solar panel energy in households can reduce monthly electricity costs.    

This study examines the digitalization of the concept of Mawaddah wa Rahmah in the Qur'an and Hadith as a family psychology strategy to build harmonious households in Bucor Wetan Village, Probolinggo Regency. With a population of approximately 4,000 people, the village faces challenges in applying the values of love and mercy in daily family life. The research employs a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, involving in-depth interviews, direct observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that digitalization through Islamic value-based educational media, such as interactive videos and family education applications, plays a significant role in raising public awareness of the importance of Mawaddah wa Rahmah. These digital media are effective in improving communication patterns, managing conflicts, and strengthening relationships among family members. Despite challenges such as limited internet access and digital literacy, training programs conducted during the research helped address these obstacles. The study concludes that integrating Islamic values with digital technology can be an innovative and effective solution for creating harmonious and prosperous families. This approach facilitates social transformation that supports peaceful family life, especially in rural communities like Bucor Wetan Village.

UMKM is an economic platform for the community which is a basic component in the development of economic pillars starting from the lowest level, small and medium enterprises (UKM/UMKM) are types of companies in Indonesia which are owned by individuals or business entities in accordance with the criteria set by Law No. 20 of 2008. UMKM is able to defined as business run by individuals, households, or small-sized business entities. The classification of UMKM is based on limits on annual revenue turnover, total assets, and number of employees. The development and quality improvement needs to get serious support for its further growth, this is not only in terms of capital and ease of doing business, but also needs to be done in terms of management up to the ability of the perpetrators, one of that the UMKM perpetrators must learn about management, especially in financial management, starting with simple things such as preparing a cash book. Most UMKM are run by individuals who do not have special skills. UMKM run as they are and do not have a good financial planning system and financial management system, this is one of the weaknesses of UMKM, so they cannot make plans for future business development. The cash book preparation training aims to increase the financial management capacity of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM). The training method is designed to provide a basic understanding of accounting principles, financial statement preparation techniques, and practical applications that are relevant to the needs of UMKM. This training program is expected to improve the quality and financial performance of UMKM, so that they can be more competitive and sustainable in the market.

This study aims to test and determine the effect of work environment, work motivation, and work discipline on the performance of MSMEs in Demak Regency. This study uses a quantitative method. The population in this study, the author uses the population of MSME actors in Dempet District, Demak Regency in the culinary, fashion, automotive, and agribusiness sectors, totaling 282 MSMEs. Based on the sample calculation using the Slovin formula, it can be seen that the sample in this study is 165 MSMEs. The sampling technique used in this study is the probability sampling method, all elements (eg: people, households) in a population have an equal opportunity to be selected in the sample. The results of this study are that the work environment affects performance, work motivation affects performance, and work discipline affects the performance of MSMEs in Demak Regency.

His research discusses the influence of wives in earning a living on family welfare, where this research was made based on observations regarding wives who work to earn a living, who are the backbone of the family in order to meet all the needs of their respective households. The majority of the labor force for women always increases every year. Because of the big role that women play as housewives, most of them play a big role in the welfare of their families, from paying for housing, education and even food. The role of the husband as head of the household and the wife as a housewife must go hand in hand. The husband as head of the family is responsible for earning a living for the welfare of the family. On the other hand, as a housewife, the wife must have creativity in managing the family economy. And what needs to be understood is that in the household each husband and wife have their own roles. So that general conclusions can be drawn, namely: a. The husband is obliged to provide his wife with shelter and other support. b.  The wife must follow her husband and live at her husband's place.  The amount of maintenance obligations depends on the husband's discretion.  So providing maintenance is based on the husband's ability, not the wife's request. Families are formed through the marriage process. Marriage is a pattern of behavior created by God for regeneration in the development of human life in a world that is always dynamic in accordance with the times. With marriage, a life together in the household is formed. The journey of a household is like an ark that sails across the vast ocean and goes through a long journey where winds and storms will definitely come which will become obstacles on the journey.Recently, the reality is that many households find it difficult to realize the goal of marriage. Many households are unhappy due to various problems such as disharmony, economics, infidelity and so on. It is often found in household life that husband and wife complain and complain to other people or to their family, as a result of not fulfilling the rights that must be obtained or not carrying out obligations from one of the parties. Lack of understanding and even ignorance of husband and wife regarding the rights and obligations in the household is often be the cause of disharmony and rifts in the household. In order to achieve a good household, individuals in the household should know each other, understand and carry out their respective rights and obligations.

Indonesia is committed to achieving zero hunger as one of the goals of fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) where this commitment focuses on addressing the problem of food availability but also ensuring that every individual has access to sufficient, nutritious, and safe food throughout the year for everyone. However, reviewing the current conditions in Indonesia, there is still an imbalance in food availability that will cause food vulnerability. Therefore, a prediction of food vulnerability in the future is needed where discriminant analysis is one of the appropriate statistical methods to analyze qualitative dependent and quantitative independent variables. This study uses secondary data from the official website of the food agency and the central statistics agency. The results of the study show that the characteristics of the data have small variations, asymmetric distribution, and there are outliers in several categories. The assumptions of multivariate normality, the suitability of the dependent variables, and the identity of the variance-covariance matrix have been met. Through discriminant analysis, the variables of the percentage of poverty and the percentage of households with access to clean drinking water are proven to significantly affect the IKP category. The discriminant model produces one significant function that is able to group the IKP category with a model accuracy rate of 86.8% and a classification accuracy of 64.7%.

This study aims to explore and empirically test the impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and inflation on value-added tax (VAT) receipts. The research was conducted in Indonesia over the period from 1993 to 2022, using a sample of 30 observations on GDP, inflation and VAT. The sampling method employed was non-probability sampling with a saturation sampling technique, where the entire population was used as the sample. The analysis technique applied was multiple linear regression. The results indicate that, individually, GDP has a significant effect on VAT receipts (t-value > t-table) 2.064 > 2.059; an increase in GDP is likely to enhance VAT receipts due to the increase in household income, which supports the consumption of goods and services. In contrast, inflation does not have a significant effect on VAT receipts (t-value < t-table) 1.470 < 2.059; despite rising inflation, VAT receipts remain stable due to government policies on price controls, subsidies, and other measures to stabilize prices. Collectively, GDP and inflation together account for 98.2% of the effect on VAT receipts. Future research is recommended to include additional variables from both internal and external factors, such as government policies or global economic conditions, to gain a deeper understanding of other determinants affecting VAT receipts beyond GDP and inflation.

This study aims to determine the Impact of Divorce on Family Economic Welfare During the Covid 19 Pandemic In Tegal City. The sampling technique used was convenience or random sampling, namely by looking at respondents who were willing to be interviewed depending entirely on the convenience of the researcher (Sekaran, 2011). Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and literature study. The method of data analysis was qualitative using descriptive analysis used to describe how the work profile of the widow, the number of widows' debts, the level of education of the children, and the widow's efforts to maintain her economy for the needs of the family's life by going through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, draw conclusions and verify. The impact of divorce on the family economy is very much felt especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, where they have to be responsible to their families to replace the husband's role as the head of the household, do the work a man does, not only work to earn a living but they have to educate and care for them. his children. The steps they take to meet the needs of their family after a divorce, there are many ways they do, for example, side work or any work to make money to meet their needs.

Stunting is a health problem that is still a challenge in Indonesia, especially in areas with low economic conditions. One of the contributing factors is less than ideal parenting due to limited knowledge in managing household income to meet children's nutritional needs. This community service activity aims to improve housewives' understanding of financial management and the selection of nutritious food at low cost to support stunting prevention. This activity was carried out in Wera Village, Pamona Puselemba District, Poso Regency, involving seven families with stunted children, integrated health post cadres, and community leaders. The method used was practice-based training that included lectures, group discussions, household budget preparation simulations, and demonstrations of selecting nutritious food at low cost. Evaluation was carried out through pre-tests and post-tests, participatory observations, and activity documentation. The results of the pre-test and post-test showed an increase in participants' understanding by 75.7%, with an average score increasing from 45.8 to 80.5. The indicator with the highest increase was the ability to prepare a simple family budget (87.5%), followed by an understanding of the importance of balanced nutrition (70.0%) and the selection of nutritious food at low cost (70.8%). The response of the participants was very positive, shown by enthusiasm in the discussion and active involvement in the practice of preparing a budget and demonstration of selecting food ingredients. This activity succeeded in increasing household financial literacy and awareness of the importance of nutrition in the family. The practice-based approach has proven effective in improving participants' understanding and skills. For the sustainability of the program, further assistance and collaboration with posyandu cadres and the village government are needed to ensure sustainable implementation in preventing stunting.  

The need for clean water increases every year, this is due to an uncontrolled increase in population growth so that the population is directly proportional to water needs. The problem of increasing water availability and demand due to the impact of uncontrolled population growth is also felt in Waya Udara Hamlet, Tehoru District, Central Maluku Regency. The reservoir clean water distribution network system was built to meet the clean water needs of the people of Waya Udara Hamlet at that time, but with the population growth that increased the need for clean water, so residents looked for other ways to meet clean water needs This research uses a type of quantative research with a descriptive method that aims to find facts that actually occur in the field. In this study, the study population was all heads of families in Waya Udara Hamlet, Tehoru District, Central Maluku Regency. The number of households in the village is 90 households. Analysis and Assessment of Community Satisfaction Level with Clean Water Service Distribution Service quality is one of the techniques for measuring the level of satisfaction. The results of the analysis of the level of satisfaction with the clean water service of Waya Udara Hamlet through the results of questionnaires for satisfaction, from the aspects of taste, color, smell, taste and turbidity are very satisfying. From the aspect of needs, water discharge, water tariffs are also very satisfied with the average satisfaction with needs and availability as well as tariffs and water discharge because of the results of the analysis of availability and needs. for the analysis of the availability and need for clean water of Waya Udara Hamlet in 2023 is 47.79 m3 / day for the needs of a population of 354 people and for the projection of the next 10 years in 2033 with a population of 496 people requires water as much as 66.9 m3 / day based on the discharge availability at the source is 4.97 liters / second with 1 hour filling the reservoir bath is 17.89 m3 / hour with the filling time for the reservoir for 100 m3 / day is 5.89 hours / m3 / tub. From the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the availability is greater than the need for projections for the next 10 years and from the results of the analysis on SPSS-22 the level of satisfaction with the use of clean water in the Waya Udara Hamlet Community is satisfactory because the availability and need for water are met.

Economic growth is one of the important indicators used to determine the achievement of development success. This is certainly not far from the role of several sectors such as consumption, government spending, exports and also other sectors. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of household consumption, government spending and exports on economic growth in North Sumatra Province. This research is quantitative research, the data used in this research is secondary data for the period 2009 - 2023. The data collection method in this research is by collecting through documents. And the analysis technique used in this research is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results obtained are based on partial multiple linear regression analysis. Household consumption variables have no influence and are not significant. Government spending has no influence and is not significant. And the number of exports has no influence and is not significant.

Harmony in munakahat is an important foundation in building a happy and prosperous household life. This study aims to identify values ​​that support harmony in marriage and understand their impact on couples' relationships. Using qualitative methods through in-depth interviews and surveys of 50 married couples, this study explores various aspects that contribute to harmony. The results show that values ​​such as mutual respect, effective communication, and honesty have a significant impact on harmony. In addition, understanding each other's roles in the household and spiritual values ​​were also found to be important factors in creating a harmonious relationship. This study reveals the challenges faced by couples, such as differences in background and economic pressures, which can disrupt harmony. These findings are expected to provide insight for couples in managing their relationships better.

Household financial management is a crucial factor in maintaining family financial stability, particularly in the face of economic uncertainty. This study examines the strategies employed by households in managing their finances, including budgeting, expenditure control, savings, and investment, as well as the challenges encountered during economic crises. Through a combination of literature review and case studies, the research reveals that households with clear financial planning and adequate emergency funds are more resilient in times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors such as income levels, education, and financial literacy significantly influence household financial decisions, while consumption patterns driven by social media often present a challenge. Effective strategies identified include strict budgeting, reducing non-essential expenditures, and prioritizing long-term savings and investments. This study underscores the importance of financial literacy and awareness in household financial management as key to achieving financial stability amidst global and domestic economic uncertainties.

This study aims to assess the economic value and contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) to the income of the community in Kampung Cikupa, Desa Baru Ranji, Merbau Mataram Subdistrict, South Lampung. The population of this research consists of community members, with a total of 200 households. A sample of 36 respondents was selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through interviews using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed quantitatively to determine the economic value of NTFP based on the market price of the products collected by the community. The research results show that the level of contribution of NTFPs to the livelihoods of the people of Cikupa Village is still very small and the use of NTFPs has not been fully optimized by the community.

This community service aims to optimize the use of local potential in Ujong Tanoh Darat Village, Meureubo District, West Aceh Regency, in order to improve community welfare and realize village independence. Local village potential, such as natural resources, cultural diversity, and rich local wisdom, have not been optimally utilized, one of which is the management of plastic and household waste. This program focuses on community empowerment through skills training in processing waste into products of economic value, such as handicrafts from plastic waste and ecoenzymes from organic waste. As a result, the community gains new skills that can increase family income, reduce plastic waste, and increase environmental awareness. In addition, this program creates new economic opportunities through marketing local products and strengthening cooperation between residents. The sustainability of this program is expected to continue to support village economic independence, with support from the village government in developing environmentally friendly local potential-based businesses.

The unwise use of electrical energy in households can lead to energy wastage and pose risks such as short circuits, which may result in fires. This research developed a Node-Red-based protection system using an ESP8266 microcontroller and a PZEM 004-T sensor to detect voltage, current, and power in real-time. The system automatically disconnects the current when overload conditions are detected, especially on extension cables. Testing was conducted on household devices such as laptop chargers, fans, and soldering irons. Results demonstrate that the system can accurately monitor current and power, maintain electrical stability, and cut off electricity when the load exceeds the safe threshold, thus reducing fire risk. This implementation is expected to enhance household electrical safety and serve as a reference for further development in IoT-based protection systems.

Household waste management in urban areas is a complex environmental challenge due to the increasing volume of waste each year. Poorly managed waste has the potential to cause environmental issues, such as water, soil, and air pollution, as well as health impacts on the community. This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to provide training in processing household waste into economically valuable products for urban communities in Baguala District, Ambon City. The training activities encompass various stages, from education on waste sorting, techniques for processing organic waste into compost, to processing inorganic waste into crafts and recycled products with market value. Through this training, it is hoped that the community will understand the importance of sustainable waste management and be able to utilize household waste as an additional source of income. The results of the activities show that participants are able to process household waste into economically valuable products, such as compost and recycled crafts. This program not only contributes to reducing urban waste but also supports community economic empowerment through a circular economy approach.

The availability of clean water is essential in daily life and plays an important role in agriculture, industry, and households. Water resource management faces many challenges such as fluctuations that can cause waste and shortages. The purpose of this research is to create a device that can automatically monitor water surface levels. The tool in question is a water level sensor based on Arduino Uno, which consists of a water level sensor and an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The sensor technology on Arduino can effectively monitor water usage directly and is known for its ease of use, flexibility, and sensor compatibility. An efficient water monitoring system provides accurate information about water availability.

Efficient energy use in household appliances has become a primary concern as awareness of environmental sustainability grows. Smart electric stoves with automatic temperature control features offer an innovative solution to enhance energy efficiency while ensuring comfort and safety during use. This study aims to design and develop a smart electric stove system based on a microcontroller with automatic temperature control algorithms. The system employs temperature sensors to detect real-time temperature changes and a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) algorithm to maintain stable temperatures as set by the user. A simple and intuitive user interface is designed to facilitate operation, while the automation feature allows the system to shut off the heating element independently when the temperature exceeds a safe threshold. Test results demonstrate that the designed system can reduce energy consumption by up to 25% compared to conventional electric stoves without automatic controls. Therefore, this research significantly contributes to the development of energy-efficient and safe smart kitchen appliances.

Jombok Village is one of the villages that receives assistance from the Family Hope Program in Ngoro District, Jombang Regency, with a total of 245 families distributed every two months based on predetermined criteria. The majority of people's work is as farmers and traders because it suits the skills of the local community. Livelihood conditions with an uncertain amount of income each month make it difficult to fulfill daily living needs. So children prefer to work to help the family economy rather than continue higher education. With the help of the Family Hope Program (PKH) in the education sector, it is hoped that it will be able to increase the educational participation rate of poor children and this assistance is also expected to be able to reduce the burden on household expenses. These limitations make it more difficult for them to find better and more stable jobs, leading to dependence on social assistance. The aims of this research are (1) to determine the influence of the income level of the head of the family on the educational level of children receiving the Family Hope Program (PKH) in Jombok Village, Ngoro District, Jombang Regency, (2) to determine the influence of the Family Hope Program on the educational level of children receiving the Family Hope Program (PKH). ) in Jombok Village, Ngoro District, Jombang Regency. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques use observation, questionnaires and documentation. The location of this research is Jombok Village, Ngoro District, Jombang Regency. The subjects in this research were recipients of the Family Hope Program (PKH) assistance who had dependent high school children. The data processing used in this research is validity testing, reliability testing, and classical assumption testing. The data analysis used in this research is multiple linear regression. The results of this research show that (1) The income level of the head of the family has a positive and significant effect on the education level of children receiving PKH in Jombok Village, Ngoro District, Jombang Regency, which can be proven by obtaining a value of t count > t table (3,265 > 1,666) and a significance value smaller than 5 % (0.002 < 0.05) (2) The Family Hope Program has a positive and significant effect on the education level of children receiving PKH in Jombok Village, Ngoro District, Jombang Regency which can be proven by obtaining a value of t count > t table (2.088 > 1.666) and a significance value of less than 5 % (0.041 < 0.05).