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This research aims to identify the problems faced by English education students at STAI Miftahul Ulum in writing courses. The background of this research is based on the importance of writing skills in the academic world and the challenges faced by students in mastering linguistic, cognitive, psychological, and learning environment aspects. This research uses a qualitative approach with the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and observation methods. The research subjects were second, fourth, and sixth-semester students in the 2023 academic year who had taken Basic Writing, Editing & Revising Erroneous Text, and Academic Writing courses. The results showed that the main problems lie in grammatical errors and the organization of ideas related to linguistic aspects. Cognitively, students have difficulty developing ideas and drawing logical conclusions. Psychologically, low motivation and self-confidence exacerbate students' writing abilities. Meanwhile, an unsupportive learning environment, such as limited access to reading sources and minimal guidance from lecturers, becomes a significant external constraint. The conclusion of the study indicates that the appropriate solution involves intensive guidance in grammar, increased opportunities for writing practice, and the creation of an interactive learning environment. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of more effective and structured writing learning strategies.

Academic burnout is common among students, especially students who attend boarding schools. Academic burnout is a situation experienced by students due to excessive academic demands and a feeling of no longer being able to accept academic tasks, characterized by emotional and physical exhaustion, cynicism, and decreased academic confidence. This study aims to determine: (1) the effect of self-regulated learning on learning motivation; (2) the effect of peer support on learning motivation; (3) the effect of self-regulated learning on academic burnout; (4) the effect of peer social support on academic burnout; (5) the effect of learning motivation on academic burnout; (6) the effect of self-regulated learning on academic burnout through learning motivation; (7) the effect of peer social support on academic burnout through learning motivation of class XI boarding school students at Madrasah Aliyah, Sleman Regency.This study is a causal associative study with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were 1,023 students of class XI boarding school at Madrasah Aliyah Sleman Regency in 2024 with a sample of 287 students determined by the two-stage random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire and then processed using path analysis.The results of the study show that: (1) self-regulated learning has a significant positive effect on learning motivation; (2) peer social support has a significant positive effect on learning motivation; (3) self-regulated learning does not have an effect on academic burnout; (4) peer social support has a negative effect on academic burnout; (5) learning motivation has a negative effect on academic burnout; (6) self-regulated learning has a negative effect on academic burnout through learning motivation; (7) peer social support has a negative effect on academic burnout through learning motivation.

This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy, financial technology (fintech), and financial inclusion on the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Bandar Lampung City. Financial literacy is an important factor that allows MSMEs to understand financial products and services effectively. Meanwhile, fintech provides easy access to various financial services, which are expected to improve MSME operations. Financial inclusion, which involves accessibility of financial services for all levels of society, plays an important role in supporting the development of MSMEs.This type of research uses quantitative research with an ex-post-facto approach . The population of this study is MSME actors in Bandar Lampung City with a sample size of 106 MSME actors. The location of the study is in Bandar Lampung City. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires. The validity of the instrument using the Person Product Moment correlation resulted in 53 items being declared valid. The reliability test of the instrument used Alpha Croncah ( α > 0.60), the results showed that all variables were declared reliable. The prerequisites for the analysis were tested through normality, multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity tests. Data analysis using multiple linear regression was used to test the effect of independent variables simultaneously on the dependent variable.         The results of the study show that: (1) there is a positive and significant influence of financial literacy on the performance of MSMEs in Bandar Lampung City which is quite large, namely if every 1 unit increase in financial literacy can increase MSME performance by 0.528 units . (2) There is a positive and significant influence of the FinTech variable on the performance of MSMEs in Bandar Lampung City which is quite large, namely if every 1 unit increase in the adoption of financial technology has the potential to increase MSME performance by 0.518 units. (3) There is a positive and significant influence on the financial inclusion variable on the performance of MSMEs in Bandar Lampung City which is smaller, namely an increase of 0.204 units . (4) There is a simultaneous and positive influence of financial literacy, fintech, and financial inclusion on the performance of MSMEs in Bandar Lampung City at a confidence level of 99%.

Insecure in Indonesian means unsafe. Meanwhile, according to the APA Dictionary of Psychology, insecurity or insecurity is a feeling of inadequacy and lack of self-confidence. While self-awareness is the ability to understand and recognize one's own emotions, strengths, weaknesses, values, and motivations, the implementation of self-awareness in social and emotional learning (SEL) is very important to help students develop emotionally and socially. Meanwhile, self-confidence is confidence and belief in one's abilities, being optimistic, objective, responsible, rational and realistic to solve and overcome a problem with an upside down situation so that it can provide something and be accepted by other people and the environment. Insecurity is sometimes necessary in everyday life to increase self-awareness and grow self-confidence. Many cases often occur among teenagers throughout the world, factors also come from the surrounding environment, whether it be friends or sometimes even family.

In the journey of life, especially in the world of higher education, students are faced with various challenges that not only test their intellectual abilities, but also their personalities. Among the values that are essential to forming individual character, unity is an element that is often overlooked, but has a profound impact on the formation of character and self-confidence for college students. Unity is not just a figment of the imagination, but an important foundation in living life with full strength and emotional balance. National unity is a solid foundation for the younger generation to achieve a bright future. In the era of globalization that is full of dynamics, unity becomes increasingly crucial. Without unity, various challenges such as division, radicalism, and instability will threaten the sustainability of the nation. The younger generation as agents of change has a central role in maintaining and strengthening unity. By uniting, the younger generation can create strong synergy to overcome various problems and advance the nation.

Children with Special Needs (CSN) have unique potential that requires special approaches to support their development. This study aims to analyze the role of painting activities in the development of fine motor skills, concentration, emotional regulation, and self-expression of CSN at the Integrated Center Prof. Dr. Soeharso Surakarta. Using a descriptive-qualitative method, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using Miles and Huberman's interactive techniques, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that painting activities effectively train fine motor skills through the use of brushes, enhance concentration and emotional regulation abilities, and provide a platform for self-expression for CSN. Moreover, painting helps boost children’s self-confidence through the appreciation of their artwork. These findings emphasize the importance of painting as part of an educational and therapeutic approach to support CSN development. Its implication is that painting can be more broadly implemented in inclusive educational activities to strengthen children’s abilities in various aspects of development.

The aim of this research is to determine: (1) the social development of children in PAUD Prima Pertiwi using bullying educational videos, (2) the influence of bullying educational videos on the social development of early childhood in PAUD Prima Pertiwi, Sayur Mahincat village. This research uses a quantitative approach with an experimental type of research. The research design used a one-group pretest-posttest type pre-experiment. The instruments used consisted of observations, interviews and tests. The data analysis technique uses descriptive statistics and carries out conditional tests, namely the normality test and homogeneity test. Test the hypothesis using the "t" test. The results of the research show that: (1) The social development of early childhood in PAUD Prima Pertiwi, Sayur Mahincat village is going well, this can be seen from the results of observations in the pretest and posttest. The pretest obtained an average of 11.9, while the posttest obtained an average of 19.8. From these results, there was a very significant increase from the pretest observation results to the posttest observation results. (2) The results of the "t" test calculation obtained tcount = 7.97 when compared with ttable at a 95% confidence level or 5% error rate with degrees of freedom (db) = N – k = 20 – 2 = 18 obtained ttable 2.10 . If the value of tcount = 7.97 is compared with ttable = 2.106 then it is known that tcount is greater than ttable, (7.97 > 2.106). This means that the proposed hypothesis is accepted as true. This means that there is an influence between bullying educational videos on the social development of early childhood at Prima Pertiwi PAUD Sayur Mahincat village.

The ability to speak up front is often a problem in building relationships or socializing between people. Low public speaking skills in students will have a big impact on information seeking activities both sources and content of information. So that the accuracy and quality of information becomes less besides that it also has something to do with student confidence. pengabdi sees that there is a need for training activities which will certainly help students in improving their public speaking skills. However, pengabdi also saw other problems that existed. So that the pengabdi chose to use the storytelling technique in providing services to students of SMP Negeri 4 Pasir Putih. The purpose of this service activity is to provide training on how to conduct public speaking activities by utilizing storytelling media. The location of the service is SMPN 4 Pasir Putih, Nagawutung District, Lembata Regency, East Nusa Tenggara on July 27, 2024. the author concludes that public speaking activities are basic abilities that must be possessed by every human being. However, to be able to convey information well, one's public speaking skills must be formed since education.

Basically everyone has self-confidence, but everyone's self-confidence is different. There are many people who are inferior to themselves and many who are confident, but they show different behaviors. Not everyone has confidence, and some people lack confidence. Graphology is based on the relationship with one's subconscious mind, while handwriting arises from the reflection of one's subconscious mind, so the two can be connected. Community service activities are carried out with a structured and gradual approach in order to achieve predetermined goals. The results achieved show a significant increase in student understanding which is characterized by increased self-confidence and previously unknown graphology knowledge. The advantage of this activity is the interactive speaker approach that stimulates active student participation. For further development, it is recommended to hold further training with a longer duration and focus on other knowledge with graphology, as it is considered important for the expansion of student knowledge.

Research aims to explore the perceptions of women aged 21-38 years old on self-confidence, feelings of insecurity, and self-love through an online survey conducted using Google Forms. The survey results show that 98.4% of respondents experience feelings of insecurity, while 75.8% show interest in attending self-development activities such as beauty classes to enhance self-confidence, and 91.3% show interest in makeup. Interviews were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the beauty class activities conducted by OMG Beauty in Cirebon, which focus on developing makeup skills and using beauty products, but the interviews also revealed that these activities do not fully reflect OMG Beauty's brand image, which promotes the message "confidence and optimism". Therefore, the researcher proposes a social campaign with the theme "Embracing Your Beauty: A Journey of Self-love" to increase awareness of the importance of nurturing self-confidence and addressing feelings of insecurity among participants. The campaign is designed using the Design Thinking method, which includes the stages of Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Test, to create an effective solution for increasing participation and public perception of beauty classes.

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems often struggle to extract text accurately from images captured at various distances, particularly under challenging conditions such as blurriness, noise, or poor lighting. These issues are common in real-world scenarios and limit the effectiveness of existing OCR technologies. This study addresses these challenges by applying Gaussian blur after the grayscale conversion. This method reduces noise for the image's clarity without sacrificing the original algorithm's key features. Results revealed that the enhanced OCR algorithm significantly outperformed existing methods in terms of accuracy and confidence levels. It demonstrated the ability to read signages with higher precision, even in difficult conditions such as intricate designs, poor lighting, and long distances. This advancement enables more reliable text recognition and translation, offering practical applications for public signage translation, cross-cultural communication, and improved accessibility in multilingual environments.

The mechanism of state debt management is a process involving fiscal and monetary policies to regulate the issuance, use, and repayment of state debt. In its management, the government usually uses instruments such as bonds, bilateral loans, and multilateral loans to finance the budget deficit. State debt can be used to fund infrastructure projects, health, education, and other important sectors, but its management must be careful so as not to burden the economy. One important aspect of debt management is maintaining the debt ratio to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) so that it remains under control. If state debt increases significantly without being balanced by economic growth, it can pose a risk of inflation, a larger budget deficit, and a reduction in market confidence in the government's ability to repay debt. On the other hand, good debt management can encourage economic growth by financing productive projects that increase competitiveness and public welfare. Strict supervision of debt allocation and transparency in the use of funds are essential to avoid misuse and increase the effectiveness of debt management. In addition, the role of international institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank is also crucial in providing technical advice and support for sustainable debt management policies.

The development of competent human resources (HR) is a top priority for improving the quality of life in society. In education, teachers' ability to enhance their skills is key to successful learning. However, many teachers struggle to adapt teaching methods to the demands of the digital era, especially in utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology. AI offers innovative solutions such as personalized learning and adaptive platforms that enhance the effectiveness of teaching and learning processes. This study examines the implementation of AI-based learning models and teacher training programs in Muhammadiyah schools in Semarang. Using the Training of Trainer (ToT) approach, the program equips teachers with skills such as using adaptive learning tools and AI-based evaluation systems. The study employs a mixed-methods approach involving practical training and result evaluation. The findings reveal improved digital literacy and confidence among teachers in using AI for interactive learning. In conclusion, AI has great potential to transform education, but its success depends on comprehensive, ethical, and sustainable strategies. The ToT program serves as a strategic step to empower teachers to face educational challenges in the digital era.

The author focuses on analyzing the Jigsaw learning method in class VII SKI subjects at MTsN 6 Nganjuk. This writing aims to analyze the implementation of learning using the Jigsaw method, how this method can have an effect on student interaction, student activity in learning, and the difference in receiving material in SKI subjects. This writing uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Information obtained from observations, then interviews, and analysis of learning outcomes. The results obtained from the Jigsaw method analysis had a very drastic effect on increasing student activity. They are more enthusiastic, active, and able to work together in groups. Then this method increases students' activeness and self-confidence when appearing in front of the class. Although there are advantages, this research identifies a problem, namely the limited time which can reduce the overall application of the method. Some students like learning in groups to interact and exchange knowledge with other friends. However, some students experience challenges in understanding the material and they do not feel comfortable when explaining the material in front of the class. The conclusion is that the Jigsaw learning method provides positive things to increase active student interaction, involvement and increase self-confidence in SKI learning. The implication of this research is the need for plans that are ready and supported by teachers that can help to successfully analyze the Jigsaw method in the context of SKI learning at MTs level.  

The storytelling training held during the Language Month at SMK Negeri 3 Palembang aimed to enhance students’ storytelling skills as competition participants. This program employed discussion and hands-on practice to train techniques such as intonation, facial expressions, and gestures relevant to story flow. The results showed significant improvements in participants’ confidence and communication skills. However, challenges such as tight school schedules and limited mentors were identified. Evaluation suggests better planning, extended training duration, and involving more mentors to improve future program effectiveness.

Acne is a common skin problem experienced by the community. Characterized by red spots, inflammation, and blackheads, or clogged pores, on the face, neck, and back. Acne is a scary specter for teenagers, especially during puberty, where teenagers want to look their best and glowing, this will be a big problem if the teenager has acne, it will reduce their level of self-confidence, so there is a need for education for students. The purpose of this PkM activity is to introduce students to the innovation of natural products that can be used to treat acne. The method of activity carried out by means of education and assistance in the Innovation of Natural Products That Can Be Used to Treat Acne. The education participants were students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah and SMP Yayasan Ummul Quro Al-Hamidiyah totaling 50 students. The activity was carried out on Thursday, December 19, 2024. The results of the activity showed that the students were very enthusiastic about participating, and the students had understood what was explained by the speaker. The conclusion of the activity shows that there was an increase in student knowledge after being given education about Natural Product Innovations That Can Be Used to Treat Acne.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the methods implemented by the teacher and their impact on students' understanding and dance skills. The method used is qualitative research, including direct observation, interviews with teachers, and analysis of the audiovisual materials used. The results of the study show that the use of audiovisual media in dance education increases students' interest and motivation, as well as improves their learning outcomes. This media helps explain the material more effectively and makes learning more engaging. The application of this method has also proven effective in enhancing students' self-confidence, such as encouraging them to try new things, take responsibility for tasks, and participate actively in discussions. In conclusion, audiovisual media plays an important role in supporting the teaching and learning process. However, there are some challenges faced, such as limited equipment and teachers' knowledge. It is recommended that schools provide adequate equipment and that teachers continue to develop their skills in using educational media to achieve optimal results.

In a study entitled "Analysis of Coloring Learning Using Crayons with the Drill Method for the Development of Fine Motor Skills of Early Childhood Aged 3-4 Years at Sanggar WARNA Tasikmalaya. One of the objectives of this study is to find out how the process of learning to color pictures using crayons with the drill method is like the development of fine motor skills of early childhood at Sanggar WARNA Tasikmalaya. In this study, the researcher focused on the process of learning to color pictures using crayons in early childhood and the results obtained from the learning at Sanggar WARNA Tasikmalaya. The researcher used a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach in his research, while the data collection was through field studies in the form of observations, interviews and documentation studies, which were then compiled, processed and analyzed to provide an overview of the existing problems. The results obtained by the researcher from the study, namely the process of learning to color using crayons with the drill method for the development of early childhood motor skills can help children to grow their concentration skills and also increase children's self-confidence. In the age range of 3-4 years, the child's learning process is more focused on coloring between 1, 2 or up to 3 color gradations. For the final results stage of learning, children are usually included in competitions, with the aim being more for evaluation needs rather than winning or losing.

The research is entitled "Learning the Basic Movements of the Kijang Dance in Early Childhood at Sanggar Rangga Setra Manik Pakuan, Tasikmalaya City". The aim is to find out the process of learning deer dance and the results of learning carried out at Sanggar Rangga Setra Manik Pakuan. This research focuses on how the learning process and learning outcomes are used or applied in learning the basic movements of deer dance at Sanggar Rangga Setra Manik Pakuan, Tasikmalaya city. This research uses qualitative research methods that are descriptive analysis. This research was carried out through field studies in the form of observations, interviews and documentation, which then became a source of data for analysis. The results of the findings carried out by the researchers were that the process of learning deer dance at Sanggar Rangga Setra Manik Pakuan carried out training for 2 months or 8 meetings, and during learning used the drill/rehearsal method. At the end of the learning outcomes, children take exams as a form of class promotion, which are carried out in various public places, with the aim of training the child's level of self-confidence.

Apple has successfully transformed into one of the leading technology brands in Indonesia, despite facing the challenges of a highly competitive market and relatively high product prices. Apple has successfully become one of the leading technology brands in Indonesia, despite the relatively high price of its products. This study aims to identify the factors that support Apple's success in building a strong brand image and gaining a dominant position in the Indonesian market. The results show that the marketing strategy is effective. Despite the high prices, Apple managed to create an image as a symbol of social status, which drives loyalty and desire to own Apple products in Indonesia. This research provides insights into how Apple manages its branding and marketing strategies to stay relevant and maintain its market share in Indonesia.